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人体运动的空间轨迹追踪是一种利用传感器技术和计算机技术来分析记录人体的运动过程的方法.为了实现人体运动轨迹的空间追踪,本文设计了一种人体可穿戴式的人体运动捕捉系统,通过佩戴在人体关节点的惯性传感器单元来获取肢体的实时姿态信息.惯性传感器由加速度传感器、角速度传感器和磁力计构成.通过微控制单元获取传感器数据,利用低通滤波和卡尔曼滤波来更新四元数,再将预处理后的数据由蓝牙模块实时发送到电脑端.本文通过对肢体运动的不同角度的实验,证明了利用惯性传感器可以追踪人体肢体、运动的空间轨迹. 相似文献
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从工程实际出发,给出了一种基于新型Cortex-M3内核ARM和MEMS惯性传感器的低成本、高性能微型惯性测量单元的结构框架。详细介绍了采用三轴MEMS陀螺、三轴MEMS加速度计和三轴磁阻传感器研制的微惯性测量单元硬件设计方案,分析了陀螺和加速度计的信号噪声,利用均值滤波法对信号进行预处理,对预处理后的信号采用FIR滤波器进行滤波,对陀螺和加速度计进行了标定。该测量单元已应用于某小型无人机的姿态测量,达到预期效果。 相似文献
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针对有线人体传感器网络节点具有携带不便、传输距离有限的缺点,设计并实现了一种用于人体运动监测的无线人体传感器网络节点;文中首先介绍了节点的硬件设计实现方案,节点控制器采用MSP430F2418PM,传感器采用六轴惯性传感器模块MPU6000,射频模块采用nRF24L01;然后对软件设计实现流程和节点的节能工作模式进行了详细阐述和实验验证;实验结果表明,该研究实现的无线节点具有反应灵敏和功耗低的特点,在15 m范围内无线传输稳定,最高传输速率可达2 Mbps,采集的惯性数据能够明显反映人体的正常运动和跌倒的特征;该节点在人体异常步态监测、康复评估和跌倒预警等方面具有潜在重要应用价值。 相似文献
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万珊 《自动化与仪器仪表》2021,(2):153-156
现今老年人跌倒报警系统跌倒参照倾角方向单一,导致最终报警系统的误报率数值较大.针对这一不足,设计一种基于惯性传感技术的穿戴式老年人跌倒报警系统.硬件部分选择惯性传感器,设定传感器引脚功能,采用粘性电极安置在运动背心内部,设计穿戴式装置.软件部分选用SVM分类算法检测老年人跌倒的特征值,检测老年人跌倒状态,采用联合报警模... 相似文献
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一种IPv6无线传感器网络节点的设计与实现 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过总结无线传感器网络硬件节点的设计原则,提出了一种无线传感器网络通用节点设备的基本构架,设计实现了基于超低功耗处理器Atmega128和射频芯片CC2420的无线传感器网络节点设备。该设备具有能量自检测功能,并可以改变通用硬件接口上的数据采集部分实现多种不同类型的应用。采用模块化软件设计,引入有限状态机进行系统模式调度,设计实现了既能独立运行又支持嵌入式操作系统的节点适应层软件。通过引入多个节点的温度采集与反馈控制实验和节点生命周期静态测试实验验证了本设计的可行性和实用性。 相似文献
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提出一种惯性导航系统INS(Inertial Navigation System)辅助线性调频扩频CSS(Chirp Spread Spectrum)的高精度室内定位方法.首先设计了基于MPU9250多轴传感器的惯性测量单元IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit),利用数字运动处理(DMP)数据库经四元数解算可求得准确稳定的航向角,由于MPU9250自带的磁力计,规避了航向角的累积误差问题.随后在分析CSS非视距定位误差基础上,提出了基于三角形三边准则的选星方法,有效降低了室内复杂环境下非视距的影响;最后利用扩展卡尔曼滤波对惯导系统与CSS定位进行融合,以输出稳定、准确的定位结果.通过在50 m×20 m的地下车库实验分析比较,结果表明:惯导与CSS单独定位的平均误差分别为0.3456 m、0.3659 m,本文组合导航方法平均误差为0.158 l m,较前两种单一的定位方式性能提高了50%以上,该方法降低了定位的成本,系统实现复杂度降低,定位精度提高. 相似文献
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分析了四旋翼飞行器的姿态解算原理,提出了一种基于 STM32的姿态测量系统。系统由 STM32F407微控制器和捷联惯性测量组件(IMU)组成。利用四元数描述姿态进行坐标换算,采用多传感器数据融合方案,通过互补滤波算法进行数据融合,获取精确的姿态角,并完成姿态解算。实验结果表明,采用互补滤波算法有效融合了捷联惯性测量组件的传感器数据,实现了四旋翼飞行器的高精度姿态解算。 相似文献
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L. R. Sahawneh M. A. Al-Jarrah K. Assaleh Mamoun F. Abdel-Hafez 《Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems》2011,61(1-4):527-544
This work details the study, development, and experimental implementation of GPS aided strapdown inertial navigation system (INS) using commercial off-the-shelf low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU). The data provided by the inertial navigation mechanization is fused with GPS measurements using loosely-coupled linear Kalman filter implemented with the aid of MPC555 microcontroller. The accuracy of the estimation when utilizing a low-cost inertial navigation system (INS) is limited by the accuracy of the sensors used and the mathematical modeling of INS and the aiding sensors’ errors. Therefore, the IMU data is fused with the GPS data to increase the accuracy of the integrated GPS/IMU system. The equations required for the local geographic frame mechanization are derived. The direction cosine matrix approach is selected to compute orientation angles and the unified mathematical framework is chosen for position/velocity algorithm computations. This selection resulted in significant reduction in mechanization errors. It is shown that the constructed GPS/IMU system is successfully implemented with an accurate and reliable performance. 相似文献
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In this paper, we present a multi-sensor fusion based monocular visual navigation system for a quadrotor with limited payload, power and computational resources. Our system is equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a sonar and a monocular down-looking camera. It is able to work well in GPS-denied and markerless environments. Different from most of the keyframe-based visual navigation systems, our system uses the information from both keyframes and keypoints in each frame. The GPU-based speeded up robust feature (SURF) is employed for feature detection and feature matching. Based on the flight characteristics of quadrotor, we propose a refined preliminary motion estimation algorithm combining IMU data. A multi-level judgment rule is then presented which is beneficial to hovering conditions and reduces the error accumulation effectively. By using the sonar sensor, the metric scale estimation problem has been solved. We also present the novel IMU+3P (IMU with three point correspondences) algorithm for accurate pose estimation. This algorithm transforms the 6-DOF pose estimation problem into a 4-DOF problem and can obtain more accurate results with less computation time. We perform the experiments of monocular visual navigation system in real indoor and outdoor environments. The results demonstrate that the monocular visual navigation system performing in real-time has robust and accurate navigation results of the quadrotor. 相似文献
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This paper presents a low-cost localization system to guide an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in indoor flights, considering an environment with invariant texture and typical indoor illumination. The first contribution of the paper is the proposal of a system to estimate the position and orientation of the UAV, through a multi-sensor fusion scheme, dealing with data provided by a RGB-D sensor, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), an ultrasonic sensor and optical flow-based velocity estimates. A second contribution of the paper is the proposal of a high-level control system to guide the UAV in path-following tasks, involving two controllers: a kinematic one, responsible for generating reference velocities for the vehicle, and a PD one, responsible for tracking such reference velocities, thus characterizing a cascade controller. Experiments with such a localization and control systems, during which abrupt disturbances are applied, were carried out to check the effectiveness of the developed capture and control systems, whose results validate the proposed framework. 相似文献
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惯性传感器技术及发展 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
论述了惯性传感器的发展过程和其在惯性导航系统中的地位 ,对新型惯性传感器 :壳体谐振陀螺仪、微机械电子系统惯性传感器、光纤陀螺仪的原理、性能和研究现状作了分析 ,最后指出了惯性传感器的发展方向。 相似文献
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在四旋翼无人机中,姿态传感器采用捷联式惯导惯性检测单元(IMU),其中包括加速度计、陀螺仪、电子罗盘和空气压力高度计.这些传感器在工作过程中存在温度漂移以及噪声干扰,为了得到准确的姿态数据,首先建立了传感器四元数模型,在频域中设计互补滤波器,并设计了PI自适应补偿系数,对传感器数据进行融合、补偿和修正,有效地避免了系统模型误差对姿态估计的影响.修正后的角速度通过一阶龙格-库塔法、四元数算法完成飞行器的姿态解算.传统互补滤波器在噪声大时滤波效果不理想,故加入PI控制,形成一种效果更好的自适应滤波算法,根据仿真结果,该算法滤波后的信号比传统互补滤波的结果更加平滑,更接近理想波形. 相似文献