淘析器内两相流场的数值模拟

采用FLUENT6.2.16对淘析器内的三维气相流场进行了模拟,参照模拟结果分析了影响其分离效果的结构因素,针对可能存在问题的结构设计了多种新结构方案,通过分析对比模拟结果,发现加长对流段、在淘析区加入格栅板的结构更有利于规整流场,促进细粉尘的分离.采用离散相模型对依据此方案设计的新型淘析器内颗粒的运动轨迹进行了计算,估算了淘析器的分级效率和总分离效率.与原淘析器的对比结果表明:该新型淘析器可消除现有淘析器出口附近的短路流,提高细粉尘的分离效率.     

淘析器内气固两相流动的数值模拟

针对现有淘析器存在分级效率低,粒料中夹带塑料粉尘和部分粒料随气流溢出的问题,采用CFD模拟软件FLUENT6.2对现有淘析器及其改进型淘析器内部的气相流场和粒子运动轨迹进行了数值模拟.气相控制方程采用标准湍流模型,颗粒运动控制方程采用随机轨道模型.模拟结果表明:改进型淘析器可消除现有淘析器出口附近的短路流:加长对流直管段,增加了气固对流时间,强化了气流对粒料表面的剪切作用;淘析区加入格栅,既规整流场,消除静电吸附,又通过碰撞振动提高了粒料表面粉尘的分离程度.     

淘析器内树脂颗粒运动轨迹的数值模拟及应用

采用标准模型和随机轨道模型对新型惯性撞击式淘析器内的树脂颗粒运动轨迹进行了模拟研究,预测了不同粒径颗粒的运动轨迹和速度分布。结果表明：通过在淘析段加入格栅板,使大颗粒在器内的运动路径变长,颗粒与格栅间的碰撞作用促进了粘附在粗颗粒表面上细粉尘的分离;加长对流分离段有利于提高粒料中离散的细粉尘的分离。工业规模实验验证了模拟结果。工业应用结果表明：设备投入运行后,除尘风机的能力得到发挥,没有发生堵料、不下料的状况,设备的除尘能力明显较以前增强,产品的外观质量得到根本改善。     

水力旋流器湍流场数值模拟

<正> 引言 水力旋流器作为一种简便、易行和高效率的分离、分级和离心沉降设备,已被广泛应用于化工、冶金、石油等众多工业领域中.以往的水力旋流器设计主要是根据大量物理模型试验得出的经验准数方程来求出旋流器的几何结构参数和操作参数.然而,随着水力旋流器应用范围的迅速扩大和人们对其分离(级)性能指标的要求日益提高,传统的按经验或半经验公式进行旋流器设计方法的局限性越来越明显,以及物模试验的耗时费钱,已促使人们开始采用数值模拟的方法,通过对旋流器内部流体运动的深入研究,弄清旋流器的分离机理,以便为提高水力旋流器的分离效率和分级准确度予以理论指导.本文采用了适于水力旋流器液相(水)流场的K-ε湍流数学模型,对水力旋流器内的湍流运动规律进行了数值模拟并根据激光实测结果对部分模型常数进行了修正.     

淘析器在POM生产中的应用

通过在POM颗粒输送系统末端增设一台逆洗风淘析器,可有效去除POM颗粒在输送过程中产生的细粉、拉丝,吨POM颗粒脱除细粉0.6 kg左右,成品POM肉眼很难看到细粉和拉丝,大大提高了产品的外观质量.     

双列叶片式气体分布器内流场的CFD模拟

应用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,模拟填料塔中双列叶片式气体分布器内流体的流动状态.对计算后流场的分析表明所得结果基本与实际情况相符合.这为双列叶片式气体分布器的设计、放大提供了一种快捷、有效的方法.     

撞击式二次逆洗淘析器的实验结构设计

将传统淘析器的直管进料段改为脉冲进料段,以增加湍动冲洗被吸附的小颗粒;颗粒在撞击板上得到充分的分散后,在惯性作用下迅速下降,并与导流片碰撞;粉尘被进风口的空气吹起继续向上,通过排气口排出,粒料继续下降进入料仓。实验结果证明,新式淘析器分离的粒料,粉尘的含量由原先的0.31%下降到0.08%,产品的感官与质量有了较大的提高。     

组织工程多孔支架微管内流场数值模拟

骨支架内部微管结构对营养液和细胞在其内部的流动有着非常重要的影响。利用流体计算软件Fluent对不同尺寸的人工骨微管结构内部营养液和细胞的流动状况进行了数值模拟,得到了不同几何结构骨支架内部流场的速度和压力分布图。结果表明,从进口到出口,主管道内流体流速随管道的深入不断减小。上端浮克曼管中流体流速比下端浮克曼管中流体流速高,但是比同一高度主管道内流体流速低。哈佛氏管与第一行浮克曼管交叉处下端的哈佛氏管内存在流动缓慢区,第三行浮克曼管与哈佛氏管交叉处开始,流体速度不断增大。随浮克曼管长度的增加,上端哈佛氏管中流体流动的缓慢区减小;随浮克曼管直径的增加,浮克曼管中的流速有所增加,并且各微管中流体的流速更为均匀;随浮克曼管与主管道夹角的增加,骨支架各微管内流体流速更加均匀,利于细胞和营养液在各管道的输运。本数值模拟范围内,最佳骨支架结构参数为浮克曼管长度3mm,直径0.6mm,浮克曼管与主管道夹角90°。     

聚结器浓度场的数值模拟

为优化聚结器结构,应用计算流体力学（CFD）方法,选用RNG k-ε模型,以SIMPLE算法为基础,对旋流式和蛇形管式聚结器在湍流状态下的流体流动场进行数值模拟,得出该两种结构聚结器的油相浓度分布云图。数值模拟结果表明,蛇形管式聚结器对油滴的兼并和聚结效果优于旋流式聚结器。     

催化裂化沉降器旋流快分系统内气相流场的数值模拟与分析

为进一步提高催化裂化沉降器旋流快分系统的分离效率,首先对系统内气相流场进行了研究和分析.采用CFX5软件和应力输运方程模型（DSM）对其气相流场进行了三维数值模拟.将计算结果与用五孔探针测试的流场实验结果对比发现,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,证明了应力输运方程模型适合用于旋流快分系统内三维流场的数值模拟.模拟结果表明：旋流快分系统内的流场为三维湍流场,在旋流头喷出口附近区域存在多个纵向旋涡,存在短路流现象,这是导致分离效率不易提高的主要原因.旋流快分头的S值和倾斜角对气流切向速度都有一定的影响,应优化确定.加入汽提气后,对旋流快分系统内的流场影响不大,但对气体的快速引出有利.     

Numerical simulation of the characteristics of turbulent Taylor vortex flow

Turbulent Taylor vortex flow, which is contained between a rotating inner cylinder and a coaxial fixed outer cylinder with fixed ends, is simulated by applying the development in Reynolds stress equations mold (RSM) of the micro-perturbation. This resulted from the truncation error between the numerical solution and exact solution of the Reynolds stress equations. Based on the numerical simulation results of the turbulent Taylor vortex flow, its characteristics such as the fluctuation of the flow field, the precipitous drop of azimuthal velocity, the jet flow of radial velocity, the periodicity of axial velocity, the wave periodicity of pressure distribution, the polarization of shear stress on the walls, and the turbulence intensity in the jet region, are discussed. Comparing the pilot results measured by previous methods, the relative error of the characteristics predicted by simulation is less than 30%. Translated from Journal of East China University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 32(5), 617–622 [译自: 华东理工大学学报 (自然科学版)]     

Numerical study and acceleration of LBM-RANS simulation of turbulent flow

The coupled models of LBM(Lattice Boltzmann Method) and RANS(Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes) are more practical for the transient simulation of mixing processes at large spatial and temporal scales such as crude oil mixing in large-diameter storage tanks. To keep the efficiency of parallel computation of LBM, the RANS model should also be explicitly solved; whereas to keep the numerical stability the implicit method should be better for RANS model. This article explores the numerical stability of explicit methods in 2D cases on one hand, and on the other hand how to accelerate the computation of the coupled model of LBM and an implicitly solved RANS model in 3D cases. To ensure the numerical stability and meanwhile avoid the use of empirical artificial limitations on turbulent quantities in 2D cases, we investigated the impacts of collision models in LBM(LBGK, MRT)and the numerical schemes for convection terms(WENO, TVD) and production terms(FDM, NEQM) in an explicitly solved standard k–ε model. The combination of MRT and TVD or MRT and NEQM can be screened out for the 2D simulation of backward-facing step flow even at Re = 10~7. This scheme combination, however, may still not guarantee the numerical stability in 3D cases and hence much finer grids are required, which is not suitable for the simulation of industrial-scale processes. Then we proposed a new method to accelerate the coupled model of LBM with RANS(implicitly solved). When implemented on multiple GPUs, this new method can achieve 13.5-fold acceleration relative to the original coupled model and 40-fold acceleration compared to the traditional CFD simulation based on Finite Volume(FV) method accelerated by multiple CPUs. This study provides the basis for the transient flow simulation of larger spatial and temporal scales in industrial applications with LBM–RANS methods.     

90°弯管内湍流流动的数值模拟

进行了90°弯管内湍流流动的数值模拟实验。结果表明,切向速度在开始旋转阶段内侧的速度增大、压力减小,外侧速度降低、压力增大;当转过60°截面后,外侧的速度增大、压力减小,内侧速度降低、压力增大。弯管内流体旋转产生的离心力导致压力分布的变化,使得弯管内流体产生垂直于主流切向速度的轴向速度和径向速度,形成了二次流。90°弯管流场是主流切向速度与二次流的叠加,呈现出复杂的三维流动特性。     

新型静态混合器湍流特性数值模拟

结合新型静态混合器的结构特点,利用CFD软件采用标准的k-ε湍流模型对新型静态混合器内的湍流状态下的三维不可压缩流场进行数值模拟。通过研究新型静态混合器脉动速度分布的对称性及其间歇性发现:新型静态混合器内3个方向速度分量的偏斜因子和平坦因子分布具有周期性;x和z2个方向的速度概率密度分布存在较小不对称性且其平坦因子数值在2.3—5.7变化,径向偏斜因子的数量级均较轴向小1个数量级。采用新的数据处理方法计算和分析得到了不同长径比下新型静态混合器湍流流动阻力统一特性曲线及其关联式。     

大型侧进式搅拌釜内湍流流场的数值模拟

采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术对直径和高度均为13 m的大型侧进式搅拌釜内均相宏观流场进行数值计算。结果表明,将计算域划分为大约90万网格时,计算得到的搅拌功率曲线与实验数据吻合较好;考察不同操作转速、搅拌桨安装角度及个数对釜内低速死区分布的影响,发现增大搅拌转速很难有效地消除水平面上的死区;搅拌桨垂直向下5.71°或水平偏转11°安装能明显改善流体运动。三桨和四桨搅拌体系对釜上部流场的优化要好于两桨体系;但在相同转速下,双桨、三桨和四桨搅拌釜的搅拌功耗分别是单桨搅拌釜的1.2倍、2.3倍和3.4倍。综合考虑,三桨体系搅拌效率较高。最后采用组分模型计算得到不同转速下三桨釜的混合时间。     

Numerical simulation of dilute turbulent gas‐particle flow with turbulence modulation

A numerical study of a dilute turbulent gas‐particle flow with inelastic collisions and turbulence modulation in an Eulerian framework is described. A new interpretation is provided for the interaction/coupling terms, based on a fluctuating energy transfer mechanism. This interpretation provides for a new robust closure model for the interaction terms with the ability to predict the turbulence dampening as well as the turbulence enhancement phenomenon. Further, the model developed herein is investigated along with a variety of other published closure models used for the interaction/coupling terms, particle drag, and solid stress. The models are evaluated against several sets of benchmark experiments for fully‐developed, turbulent gas‐solid flow in a vertical pipe. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

Numerical simulation of turbulent flow in a baffled stirred tank with an explicit algebraic stress model

An explicit algebraic stress model (EASM) was used to simulate anisotropic turbulent flows in baffled stirred tanks equipped with a standard Rushton turbine. The quantitative predictions of velocity components, turbulence kinetic energy, Reynolds stresses and turbulence energy dissipation rate in the context of anisotropic turbulence were conducted to assess the comprehensive performance of the EASM. A lot of efforts have been made to ensure numerical stability during the calculations such as using a good initial flow field, manipulating source terms and adjusting under-relaxation factors. The predicted results were also compared with experimental data and other simulation results obtained using the standard k–ε model, algebraic stress model (ASM), Reynolds stress model (RSM) and large eddy simulation (LES). All the simulations were run with in-house codes. The simulation results show that agreement between the EASM predictions and experimental values is satisfactory. The EASM is consistently superior to the standard k–ε model when predicting both peak values and trend of variation in velocities and turbulence quantities. In comparison to the RSM, the EASM has almost the same predictive accuracy. The EASM is inferior to the LES on the prediction of turbulence kinetic energy. Nevertheless, the computational cost of the EASM is significantly lower than that of the LES, which is an obvious advantage in practical applications.