纳米无机抗菌材料抗菌性能研究

本文选择了两种有代表性的无机抗菌材料 ,采用抑菌圈实验法对它们的抗菌性能进行了定性研究 ,同时采用细菌总数测定法定量地测试了纳米氧化锌的抗菌性能。并探讨了它们的抗菌机理。     

ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂的分散与性能研究

以XRD、TEM、激光粒度分布对自制ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂进行表征，对其抗菌、抗藻和安全性能进行检测。结果表明：经PAAS分散后，ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂的团聚程度大大降低，分散剂PAAS的加入质量分数对ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂分散效果的影响呈抛物线状，最佳加入质量分数为48％，平均粒径为11．8nm。ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂具有优良的抗菌、抗藻和安全性能，对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度均为50mg／L，对小球藻菌的最小抑菌浓度为5mg／L，对小鼠的急性经口毒性的LD50为9260mg／kg，对皮肤无刺激性。     

纳米氧化镁及其复合材料的抗菌性能研究

参考最近有关文献，认为抗茵材料已经成为传统材料与环境一体化的方向，作为新型陶瓷抗茵剂的纳米MgO系材料与其它抗菌剂相比，表现出独特的抗菌性和广泛的应用背景，对其研究已成为国外研究的新热点。本文总结了纳米MgO粉体的制备方法，分析了其抗菌机理，概述了其最新研究进展和复合制备技术，最后指出了存在的问题和研究方向。     

新型纳米ZnO抗菌复合材料的制备与应用

以2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(EPTAC)为季铵化试剂,与壳聚糖反应制备了壳聚糖季铵盐。以硝酸锌和六亚甲基四胺为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备纳米ZnO。以羧甲基纤维素钠为纳米ZnO的分散剂,再添加水溶性的壳聚糖季铵盐,用流延的方法制得壳聚糖季铵盐/纳米ZnO复合膜,并对复合膜的力学性能、抗菌性能和膜形貌等进行了研究。     

新型纳米无机抗菌剂的抗菌性能研究1.对金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的抗菌作用

选择了金黄色葡萄球菌(staphylococcus aureus)和白色念珠菌(candida albicans)分别作为细菌和酵母菌的代表菌株,采用三角瓶振荡试验法,对纳米TiO2等4种新型纳米无机抗菌剂及一种微米抗菌剂的抗菌性能进行了系统的定性、定量研究,结果表明各种纳米抗菌剂的抗菌性能大大优于微米抗菌剂,并且价格较低的纳米TiO2及纳米ZnO对两种代表菌都表现出很强的抗菌能力,可用来代替价格昂贵的银离子化合物.此外,探讨了相关抗菌剂的抗菌机理.     

配位均匀共沉淀法制备Ag/ZnO纳米复合材料的研究

采用配位均匀共沉淀法成功制备出了粒径20～50nm的Ag/ZnO纳米复合材料,用TG-DTA、XRD、IR及TEM等技术对前驱物及不同温度下焙烧前驱物所得的产品进行了表征分析.结果表明,当前驱物的焙烧温度为300℃时,粒子呈球形,粒径小,且其粒径随前驱物焙烧温度的升高而增大.对Ag/ZnO晶粒生长动力学的研究发现,在较低温度范围内,晶粒生长速度较快,其晶粒生长动力学指数为1.32.     

聚苯胺/氧化铜纳米复合材料的制备及抗菌性能

通过水热法制得长2μm,直径100 nm~200 nm的氧化铜纳米棒,然后以此纳米棒采用原位聚合法得到了聚苯胺/氧化铜纳米复合材料。并用傅立叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重分析（TG）等测试方法对所得复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,聚苯胺对纳米氧化铜表面包覆,得到了棒状核壳结构的复合材料,当氧化铜添加质...     

稀土铈掺杂纳米ZnO抗菌复合材料研究

采用纳米ZnO为载体,按照不同掺杂比例制备了复合无机抗菌剂 Ce4 /ZnO,采用抑菌圈实验和最小抑菌浓度实验来检测其抗菌性能。结果表明,掺杂稀土Ce4 明显提高了纳米 ZnO的抗菌性。通过对ZnO白样和Ce4 /ZnO试样的XRD测试, 结果表明 Ce4 已进入 ZnO晶格,同时对复合抗菌机理进行了探索研究。     

石墨烯/银纳米复合材料的制备及其抗菌性能

目的研究石墨烯/银纳米粒子(AgNP/G)复合抗菌材料简单快捷的制备方法。方法在碱性环境下采用原位还原法制备AgNP/G纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射、红外、紫外和透射电镜等技术对AgNP/G复合材料的结构及形貌进行表征,探讨其形成机理,并通过平板计数法来观察AgNP/G复合材料的抗菌性能。结果所制备的AgNP/G复合材料中,形成的纳米银尺寸较小(15 nm)、粒径均一,在石墨烯片层上分布均匀。当AgNP/G的抗菌质量浓度为20μg/m L时,抗菌率达到98.7%。结论碱的存在能加速银纳米粒子在石墨烯片层上的形成,得到的AgNP/G复合材料抗菌性能优异。     

纳米复合材料的研究进展

纳米复合材料作为纳米技术中的重要环节，有着不同于宏观复合材料的许多优异性能，纳米复合技术为新材料的研究和制备提供了新方向和新途径。纳米材料的特异性能，再加上复合材料的优异性能，使纳米复合材料成为复合材料的新生长点之一。[编按]     

Morphology/behaviour relationship of nanocomposites based on natural rubber/epoxidized natural rubber blends

In order to analyze the effect of an epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and filler treatment on the morphology and behavior of natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites, blends of these polymers have been prepared. The nature and extent of the clay dispersions in the filled samples were evaluated by X-ray diffraction. In the presence of ENR, an exfoliated structure was obtained which suggests that enough rubbery polymer was incorporated into the interlayer spacing. The effect of clay in rubber compounds was analyzed through rheological, mechanical and swelling characterization. A sensible improvement in the nanocomposite properties was observed by the addition of organoclay. It has been deduced that the properties of the compounds strongly depend on the extent of the silicate nanolayers dispersion into the rubber matrices as well as on the organoclay type and elastomer compatibility.     

Mechanical reinforcement in natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites

Aim of this work is to get an insight into the mechanisms by which nanofillers produce mechanical reinforcement in polymers above their glass transition temperature. To this purpose, the mechanical behaviour of natural rubber/organo-modified montmorillonite vulcanisates produced by melt mixing with various filler contents was investigated. Data of the initial modulus, evaluated from stress–elongation curves obtained in tensile tests carried out at room temperature and a fixed cross-head rate, were analysed as a function of the organoclay content by applying mechanical models proposed in the literature. Such analysis provided an evaluation of the filler percolation threshold. Further, tests performed with varying temperature and rate pointed out appreciable rate and temperature dependence only for samples containing amounts of organoclay higher than the percolation limit, that is in presence of filler networking. Such a typical viscoelastic behaviour associated to the presence of the filler network contributes to support the hypothesis that in filled rubbers the mechanisms of filler networking is based on the formation of confined regions of immobilised polymer that join the filler particles of the network, as recently proposed.     

纳米有机蛭石/天然橡胶复合材料的制备及性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为插层剂, 用球磨法对蛭石进行了快速有机插层, 用过熔融共混法制备出纳米有机蛭石/ 天然橡胶复合材料。用XRD、SEM、TEM 对其微观结构进行了表征与分析, 证明蛭石以纳米片层分散在天然橡胶基体中。力学性能测试表明: 复合材料拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、300 %定伸强度、邵氏A 硬度、撕裂强度得到明显的改善。DMA、DSC 测试表明: 复合材料的模量具有明显的提高, 而玻璃化转变温度无明显变化。可见有机插层蛭石对天然橡胶的综合性能具有较明显的改善作用。      

天然橡胶/羧甲基壳聚糖抗菌复合膜的力学性能研究

采用胶乳共混法制备得到了天然橡胶羧甲基壳聚糖(NR/CCS)复合胶膜,通过NMR交联密度仪、拉力测试机、动态热力学分析仪等对复合材料的性能进行了表征。结果表明,复合胶膜的交联密度略微增大(5.75×10-5mol/cm3),力学性能增强到11.25MPa,并且复合胶膜的弹性模量增大,刚性增强,并通过这些测试证明了NR与CCS分子存在氢键的作用。     

Thermal degradation kinetics and morphology of natural rubber/silica nanocomposites

A novel natural rubber/silica (NR/SiO2) nanocomposite with a SiO2 loading of 4 wt% is developed by incorporating latex compounding with self-assembly techniques. The SiO2 nanoparticles are homogenously distributed throughout the NR matrix as spherical nano-clusters with an average size of 75 nm. In comparison with the host NR, the thermal resistance of the nanocomposite is significantly improved. The degradation temperatures (T), reaction activation energy (E), and reaction order (n) of the nanocomposite are markedly higher than those of the pure NR, due to significant retardant effect of the SiO2 nanoparticles.     

Self-assembled natural rubber/silica nanocomposites: Its preparation and characterization

A novel natural rubber/silica (NR/SiO₂) nanocomposite is developed by combining self-assembly and latex-compounding techniques. The results show that the SiO₂ nanoparticles are homogenously distributed throughout NR matrix as nano-clusters with an average size ranged from 60 to 150 nm when the SiO₂ loading is less than 6.5 wt%. At low SiO₂ contents (4.0 wt%), the NR latex (NRL) and SiO₂ particles are assembled as a core-shell structure by employing poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as an inter-medium, and only primary aggregations of SiO₂ are observed. When more SiO₂ is loaded, secondary aggregations of SiO₂ nanoparticles are gradually generated, and the size of SiO₂ cluster dramatically increases. The thermal/thermooxidative resistance and mechanical properties of NR/SiO₂ nanocomposites are compared to the NR host. The nanocomposites, particularly when the SiO₂ nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed, possess significantly enhanced thermal resistance and mechanical properties, which are strongly depended on the morphology of nanocomposites. The NR/SiO₂ has great potential to manufacture medical protective products with high performances.     

Preparation and properties of natural nanocomposites based on natural rubber and naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes

A ‘green’ composite based on natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and natural rubber (NR) was prepared by mechanical mixing. A silane coupling agent, bis (triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulphide, was utilized to enhance the properties of these composites. It was observed that the reinforcing activity of HNTs was superior to commercial silica coupled with the same amount of silane coupling agent. Moreover the on-set thermal degradation decomposition temperature was improved by ∼64 °C with the addition of 10 parts HNTs per hundred of rubber. Transmission electron microscopic images confirmed the good dispersion of the HNTs in the rubber matrix, whereas X-ray diffraction studies showed a little change in interlayer spacing between the two silicate layers of HNTs.     

四针状氧化锌晶须/天然橡胶抗菌医用复合材料的制备

将硬脂酸钠改性四针状氧化锌晶须(Sodium stearate-T-ZnOw)超声分散液引入天然胶乳(NRL)基体中,制备了绿色环保的Sodium stearate-T-ZnOw/橡胶(NR)抗菌医用复合材料.系统研究了Sodium stearate-T-ZnOw/NR复合材料的综合力学性能、抗菌性能和热稳定性能.结果...     

Preparation and structural characterization of vulcanized natural rubber nanocomposites containing nickel-zinc ferrite nanopowders

Single-phase polycrystalline mixed nickel-zinc ferrites belonging to Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 were prepared on a nanometric scale (mean crystallite size equal to 14.7 nm) by chemical synthesis named the modified poliol method. Ferrite nanopowder was then incorporated into a natural rubber matrix producing nanocomposites. The samples were investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The obtained results suggest that the base concentration of nickel-zinc ferrite nanoparticles inside the polymer matrix volume greatly influences the magnetic properties of nanocomposites. A small quantity of nanoparticles, less than 10 phr, in the nanocomposite is sufficient to produce a small alteration in the semi-crystallinity of nanocomposites observed by X-ray diffraction analysis and it produces a flexible magnetic composite material with a saturation magnetization, a coercivity field and an initial magnetic permeability equal to 3.08 emu/g, 99.22 Oe and 9.42 x 10(-5) respectively.