建筑门窗节能性标识专家委员会成立规范指导服务严格技术把关

本刊讯 建筑门窗是建筑围护结构的组成部分，是建筑物热交换，热传导最活跃部位，也是建筑节能中最薄弱的环节。研究分析表明，窗户的传热耗热量与空气渗透耗热量相加．约占全部耗热量的50％以上。因此，在能源紧缺和普遍推广强制节能标准的大背景下．开发推广节能门窗就显得尤为重要。建设部日前发布了《建筑门窗节能性标识试点工作管理办法》，启动了建筑门窗节能性标识试点工作，这将为保证建筑门窗产品的节能性能．规范市场秩序，促进建筑节能技术进步．提高建筑物的能源利用效率起到重要作用。     

欧洲绿色建筑可圈可点

除了历史文化与民俗传统．要让美国人自惭形秽还真的并非易事．而那些与科技沾边的环保节能项目更是美国人的强项。不过，事情总有例外．面对德国与荷兰等欧洲国家的绿色环保建筑．美国人似乎已经在自叹弗如。“为什么他们的建筑比我们的更‘绿色’？”近期《纽约时报》对于这些绿色建筑的大幅报道。口吻中有着难以掩饰的嫉妒和感慨。     

低能耗健康建筑与可持续发展

低能耗健康建筑指充分利用自然能源的被动式供热空调建筑，它能提供人们生活和生产需要的建筑环境，保证人体的卫生和健康，同时具有节能建筑能耗低的特点。低能耗健康建筑的研究在欧洲和日本等国家已受到相当的重视，美国由于能源比较丰富，着重研究的是健康建筑。MiltonKeynes是英国发展最快的城市，它位于伦敦和伯明翰的中间。MiltonKeynes有一个能源公园。     

威卢克斯与节能

中国是一个能源大国．能源总量在世界上名列前茅，但不得不说的是，由于人口众多．我国人均能源拥有量只是世界平均水平的40％。随着经济的迅猛发展，我国能源消耗需求旺盛，但从能源利用效率来看．国内目前能耗高，能源利用率低。目前，我国高达95％以上的建筑为非节能建筑．建筑能耗占社会总能耗的3096左右。     

BAS节能对策

建筑在发展，现代建筑为满足人们工作、生活品质提高的需要，能源消耗的比例越占越大。建筑物节能是一项综合性技术，它包括了建筑物本身和设备的使用过程．应针对影响能源使用的有关因素进行规划设计，制定合理的节能计划，充分地运用和节约能源，提高使用效率．提高建筑环境品质．延长建筑物寿命，满足业主要求。     

江森自控助力北京市规划委员会行政办公大楼节能改造——建设节约型社会，节能建筑将是未来发展新趋势

自2005年5月起，全球建筑服务领域的领导者江森自控，凭借其在建筑节能领域先进的科学技术和丰富的运维管理经验，受邀为北京市规划委员会行政办公大楼提供节能服务。服务包括：能源检测、能源诊断、能源评估．节能改造、节能顾问与服务等。大楼成功运行半年多以来，与2004年同季度比，能耗量下降13％，结合大楼的实际情况，按照节能总体规划设计分步实施的原则，今后大楼的能耗量还会大幅度地下降，而这一项目也成为政府建设节约型社会，全面推广节能建筑的典范。     

建筑电气设计中建筑节能探析

当前，能源问题已经成为一个全球性的问题，我国建筑用地面积比较的，且能耗高，因此，在对建筑电气进行设计的时候，需要采用节能技术和措施。针对这一问题，本文首先对节能原则进行分析，然后提出几点节能措施，以供参考。     

我国既有建筑的节能改造分析

至2000年，我国城市既有建筑面积达76．6亿m^2，其中建成的节能建筑面积累计仅1．8亿m^2。对既有建筑进行节能改造，以避免能源的浪费，提高建筑热舒适度，已成为我国当前紧迫的、必须尽快解决的重大问题。介绍国内外建筑节能改造实例及可供采用的节能改造技术方案，提出了对节能改造的总体安排和国家支持节能改造的政策建议。     

浅议节能建筑

主要介绍了节能建筑的概念和优点,以及近年来在我国推行节能建筑的相关法规,并结合欧洲节能建筑的经验和我国实际情况提出了节能建筑的部分设计要点,从而实现我国节能建筑的目标。     

既有建筑节能改造的意义、方法和建议

能源问题举世瞩目。能源已成为各国发展的重要战略问题、政治问题和外交问题。能源也是制约我国经济、社会发展的瓶颈之一。因此节能已是我国的基本国策，是建设节约型社会的重要内容。随着建筑能耗的不断上升，建筑节能。已成为节能工作的热点，国家和上海市均出台了建筑节能法规．不久将正式发布的建筑节能“十一五”规划中明确提出了旧房{既有建筑}节能改造的任务与目标。     

The ecological peculiarities of the testate amoebae population in the Middle Ob flood plain

The biodiversity and distribution of testate amoebae in the Middle Ob flood plain soils have been studied. The biodiversity of Testacea in the soils consists of 83 species and varieties from 12 families. The population of Testacea in flood plain habitats is rich in water forms, especially in the flood plain part of the catena, because of annual floods. The study showed that the density of Testacea in the forest plots is approximately 10 times higher than in the meadow ones. The species diversity of Testacea in the meadows of the flood plain includes 40 species and varieties. It was found that there is an enrichment of the fauna of Testacea in the flood plain meadows with water forms and a decrease in the population of Testacea in the soil according to the depth. The decrease in the diversity and number down the soil profile is related to the decrease in the amount of the oxygen available and general induration of soil. On the whole, the population composition of Testacea in the soils of the pine forest consists of typical representatives of humus substrates with low values of pH, small stock of humus and mineral nutrition. The soils of mature pine forests are rich in Testacea; they have a similar complex of morphological types, mainly because of the moss cover and forest litter thickness.     

采空区垮落岩体空隙储水分形计算及应用研究

 为了计算采空区垮落岩体空隙储水量,引入分形理论对陕北榆神府煤田采空区垮落岩体储水空隙相关参数展开研究。基于采空区垮落岩体空隙分形维数测定数据,选用Menger海绵分形模型建立采空区垮落岩体空隙结构模型,推导采空区垮落岩体空隙率和残余碎胀系数公式,计算采空区垮落岩体空隙储水量,并以神南矿区某矿32301面为工程背景进行现场应用研究。研究结果表明：采空区垮落岩体空隙分形维数为2.93,储水性能良好。分形计算最大储水量为3848231.93m3,与采空区垮落岩体空隙实际储水量较为一致。利用分形方法计算采空区垮落岩体空隙储水量是可行的,对于干旱-半干旱矿区有效利用有限水资源具有重要的现实意义。     

Research on seasonal indoor thermal environment and residents' control behavior of cooling and heating systems in Korea

Indoor thermal environments and residents' control behavior of cooling and heating systems were investigated in Seoul, Korea and compared with the results of previous studies. Twenty-four houses in summer, six houses in autumn and 36 houses in winter were used in this study. The measurement of temperature, humidity and air conditioner usage behavior was carried out. The clo-value, thermal comfort, sensation and basic data of the houses were also investigated. The indoor thermal environment in the summer had a high temperature and a high humidity ratio compare to standard comfort zone. Most of the indoor thermal environments at the time of starting the air conditioner in the summer were out of the comfort zone. Some of the data recorded while the air conditioner was stopped were in the comfort zone, but in many cases the temperature was relatively higher than comfort zone. Most indoor climate distributions in the winter were in the comfort zone and the indoor climate in autumn coincided well with the criteria of the comfort zone. Compared with results of previous studies in these 25 years, indoor ambient average temperature in winter has increased and the comfort temperature has increased in the heating period and decreased in the cooling period. This result indicates that the development of an HVAC system has created an expectation of comfort for residents and has shifted their thermal comfort zone warmer in winter and cooler in summer.     

PCB and chlorinated pesticide concentrations in swine and bovine adipose tissue in Sweden 1991-1997: spatial and temporal trends

Results from the Swedish control programme regarding organochlorines in food were used to determine time trends of organochlorine concentrations in adipose tissues from swine (4-8 months old) and bovines (non-dairy, 12-36 months) slaughtered between 1991 and 1997. Moreover, possible regional differences in concentrations were studied, as well as differences in concentrations depending on sex and age of the slaughtered animals. Multiple linear regression indicated that the concentrations of PCB, p,p'-DDE, HCB and alpha-HCH decreased by 4-17% per year, suggesting that the decline in organochlorine concentrations in the Swedish environment and biota reported during the 1970s-1990s also has occurred in meat-producing animals during the 1990s. The concentrations of PCB, DDE and HCB in bovines and PCB and DDE in swine were 1.4-3.8-fold higher in the southern parts of Sweden than in the northern parts of the country, indicating a regional difference in exposure of the animals. The organochlorine concentrations were higher in bovines than in swine, and declined faster in swine than in bovines. Moreover, the concentrations of CB 153 and p,p'-DDE were similar in bovines, but in swine the average concentrations of the two compounds differed two-fold. Apart from possible species differences in metabolism of organochlorines, this may be due to differences in the age at slaughter between swine and bovines, and differences in husbandry of the animals. In the latter case, swine are generally kept inside during their whole life span, whereas bovines are kept outside grazing during the summer period. Finally, a sex-dependent difference in concentrations was indicated in swine, but not in bovines. Our study shows that a lot of information can be 'extracted' from control program results.     

日本地震简介和日建设计的抗震设计

为更好地帮助读者理解本刊各篇论文的内容,本文简要介绍日本的地震状况,日建设计对地震设计的考虑方法,以及日建设计的设计用人工模拟地震波。     

The effects of changing water flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and water quality in pilot distribution system consisting of copper or polyethylene pipes

We studied the effects of flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and the concentration of bacteria in water in copper and plastic (polyethylene, PE) pipes. The formation of biofilms increased with the flow velocity of water. The increase in microbial numbers and contents of ATP was clearer in the PE pipes than in the copper pipes. This was also seen as increased consumption of microbial nutrients in the pipeline system. This indicates that the mass transfer of nutrients is in major role in the growth of biofilms. However, the increased biomass of biofilms did not affect microbial numbers in the water. Rapid changes in water flow rate resuspended biofilms and sediments which increased the concentrations of bacteria and copper in water. The disturbance caused by the changing water flow was also seen as an increase in the particle counts and water turbidity recorded with online instrumentation.     

在革新与现代主义之间:夏昌世与德国(英文)

夏昌世,中国第一代建筑师,1920年代在德国卡尔斯鲁厄留学。1932年,他在图宾根完成了博士论文之后重返祖国。1940年代后期,他在广州成为教授,1973年与妻子一同重返德国,并在那里生活直至1996年逝世。他的设计方法不仅受到那个时代欧洲现代主义运动氛围的熏陶,还来自他对中国传统景观与建筑艺术历史的研究。他是引领岭南区域形成岭南学派建筑的主导力量之一。同时,作为一建筑学教授,他在广州培养了新一代青年建筑师。     

未来高校图书馆建筑空间构成及设计特点初探

从高校图书馆发展的外部动因,使用主体的心理、行为特征和现代化设备对图书馆的影响三个方面来分析研究图书馆建筑发展的趋势和特点,归纳出未来高校图书馆建筑的功能布局及空间组织结构特点,总结出设计中要考虑的诸多因素,以期更好地指导高校图书馆的设计与建设。     

Ecological succession in mountain lake ecosystems of Southern Siberia after the introduction of the peled – Coregonus peled (Gmeli, 1778)

Abstract

This article summarizes a long-standing study of the process of introduction of the peled to the Southern Siberian mountain lake ecosystems. The peled has adapted to changes in food supply. Pressure of the euryphagous peled caused the substitution of larger forms of zooplankton by smaller ones. Similar changes occurred in the content of phytoplankton. Succession of zoobenthos in the littoral part of the lakes manifested itself as the decrease in the total biomass, in its part of zoobenthos (Gammarus) and as the increase in the biomass of other groups. The opposite changes were encountered in the profundal zone of zoobenthos (the decrease in the total biomass owing to the existence of larger forms of alpha-polysaprobes). The restructuring observed in various communities signifies the substantial changes in the whole process of generation and transformation of organic substance in the mountain ecosystems with the dominance of the introduced peled.     

唐宋元时期城市建设特点的文学体现

指出了唐宋元时期的城市建设在我国古代建筑史上具有重要地位,阐述了唐都长安城的建设特点在诗歌中的体现、北宋东京和南宋临安的建设特点在词中的体现以及元大都的建设特点在戏剧中的体现,为研究中国古代城市规划建设特点开辟一个新的途径。