A Semantically Enriched Clinical Guideline Model Enabling Deployment in Heterogeneous Healthcare Environments

Clinical guidelines are developed to assist healthcare practitioners to make decisions on patient's medical problems, and as such they communicate with external applications to retrieve patient data to initiate medical actions through clinical workflows, and transmit information to alert/reminder systems. The interoperability problems in the healthcare information technology domain prevent wider deployment of clinical guidelines because each deployment requires a tedious custom adaptation phase. In this paper, we provide machine-processable mechanisms that express the semantics of clinical guideline interfaces so that automated processes can be used to access the clinical resources for guideline deployment and execution. To be able to deploy the semantically extended guidelines to healthcare settings semiautomatically, the underlying application's semantics must also be available. We describe how this can be achieved based on two prominent implementation technologies in use in the eHealth domain: integrating healthcare enterprise cross-enterprise document sharing integration profile for discovering and exchanging electronic healthcare records and Web service technology for interacting with the clinical workflows and wireless medical sensor devices. The system described in this paper is realized within the scope of the SAPHIRE Project.      

基于ZigBee的无线医疗监护系统的研究与设计

主要介绍了ZigBee技术在医疗监护系统中的应用,利用其短距离、低速率、低功耗、网络容量大且具有自组织、自愈功能的特点,提出了一种基于ZigBee技术的无线医疗监护系统解决方案.系统中,节点和网关设备之间所用的通信协议为802.15.4/ZigBee标准,系统硬件平台基于TI公司的CC2530芯片,软件平台基于TI公司的Z-Stack协议栈,终端节点上的温度及脉搏传感器采集人体的生理数据,通过无线传输最终实现医院对患者生理信息的采集和诊断.实验结果表明:节点采集传感器数据准确,无线传感器网络数据传输可靠.     

一种生理监测的蓝牙智能服饰系统设计

设计了一种具有多参数生理特征监测功能的智能服饰系统。该系统通过压电薄膜传感器和温度传感器完成数据的采集,实现对心率、体温等实时监测。通过加装外部模块,可以无创测量血糖、血氧等。数据处理后经蓝牙无线传输到手机、电脑等外联终端设备,提供数据备份和远程医疗服务等功能。该系统具有穿着轻便、使用简单、安全稳定等优点。     

A mobile care system with alert mechanism.

Hypertension and arrhythmia are chronic diseases, which can be effectively prevented and controlled only if the physiological parameters of the patient are constantly monitored, along with the full support of the health education and professional medical care. In this paper, a role-based intelligent mobile care system with alert mechanism in chronic care environment is proposed and implemented. The roles in our system include patients, physicians, nurses, and healthcare providers. Each of the roles represents a person that uses a mobile device such as a mobile phone to communicate with the server setup in the care center such that he or she can go around without restrictions. For commercial mobile phones with Bluetooth communication capability attached to chronic patients, we have developed physiological signal recognition algorithms that were implemented and built-in in the mobile phone without affecting its original communication functions. It is thus possible to integrate several front-end mobile care devices with Bluetooth communication capability to extract patients' various physiological parameters [such as blood pressure, pulse, saturation of haemoglobin (SpO2), and electrocardiogram (ECG)], to monitor multiple physiological signals without space limit, and to upload important or abnormal physiological information to healthcare center for storage and analysis or transmit the information to physicians and healthcare providers for further processing. Thus, the physiological signal extraction devices only have to deal with signal extraction and wireless transmission. Since they do not have to do signal processing, their form factor can be further reduced to reach the goal of microminiaturization and power saving. An alert management mechanism has been included in back-end healthcare center to initiate various strategies for automatic emergency alerts after receiving emergency messages or after automatically recognizing emergency messages. Within the time intervals in system setting, according to the medical history of a specific patient, our prototype system can inform various healthcare providers in sequence to provide healthcare service with their reply to ensure the accuracy of alert information and the completeness of early warning notification to further improve the healthcare quality. In the end, with the testing results and performance evaluation of our implemented system prototype, we conclude that it is possible to set up a complete intelligent healt care chain with mobile monitoring and healthcare service via the assistance of our system.     

基于人体局域网的远程医疗系统研究

该文旨在研究并设计基于人体局域网的远程医疗系统,系统中包含有人体多信号传感器节点,基于CC2420和LPC2103处理器的数字处理器模块以及用VC＋＋设计的主节点实时显示监护平台。构建基于人体局域网的远程家庭医疗健康监护平台,集数据收集、传输、分析和决策支持于一体,为在家治疗的患者提供实时监控。人体多信号传感器节点将人体信号,如：脑电信号、心电信号、脉搏信号、体温信号通过CC2420和LPC2103数据处理发射模块发射给集中器主节点,然后发送到远程医疗系统监护平台。通过远程监控平台,医务人员能够及时获取病患的生理数据,并对其进行有效的分析处理。     

Pervasive, secure access to a hierarchical sensor-based healthcare monitoring architecture in wireless heterogeneous networks

This study presents a healthcare monitoring architecture coupled with wearable sensor systems and an environmental sensor network for monitoring elderly or chronic patients in their residence. The wearable sensor system, built into a fabric belt, consists of various medical sensors that collect a timely set of physiological health indicators transmitted via low energy wireless communication to mobile computing devices. Three application scenarios are implemented using the proposed network architecture. The group-based data collection and data transmission using the ad hoc mode promote outpatient healthcare services for only one medical staff member assigned to a set of patients. Adaptive security issues for data transmission are performed based on different wireless capabilities. This study also presents a monitoring application prototype for capturing sensor data from wireless sensor nodes. The implemented schemes were verified as performing efficiently and rapidly in the proposed network architecture.     

基于ZigBee的远程医疗监护系统研究与实现

针对我国医疗资源紧缺及预防治疗体系不够完善的现状,基于ZigBee通信协议的无线传感器网络技术构建了一种基于社区范围实时监护的远程医疗监护系统。该系统由上位PC机、ZigBee无线单片机套件、传感器节点、传感器模块组成,该系统将测量到的各种生理信号通过无线传感器网络传输到医疗监护中心,以做出诊断救治。     

基于太阳能的智能庭院灯设计与实现

针对家庭院子里庭院灯布线不便和功能需求问题,设计并实现了一种基于太阳能电池板供能的智能庭院灯系统。对于普通庭院灯进行了功能上的改进,提升用户体验。采用STM32F103单片机作为主控芯片,根据人体热释电和光感传感器采集信息进行智能控制,并通过温湿度、雨水检测等传感器采集数据,使用蓝牙发送到上位机。测试结果表明,系统运行稳定,功耗较低,可满足实际生活需求。     

Energy-aware on-demand scatternet formation and routing for Bluetooth-based wireless sensor networks

Bluetooth is a promising short-range wireless communication technology with the characteristics of interference resilience and power efficiency, both desirable for wireless sensor networks. The new Intel Mote sensor devices have Bluetooth technology incorporated as the standard wireless communications interface. When using Bluetooth in applications where multihop routing is required, groups of Bluetooth piconets combine together to form a scatternet. However, most of the existing scatternet formation protocols are designed to facilitate communications between any two pairs of devices, regardless of the actual traffic demand pattern. For wireless sensor network applications with low-duty-cycle traffic patterns, an on-demand scatternet formation protocol can achieve significant power saving by avoiding unnecessary network connectivity. To that end, we introduce an on-demand scatternet and route formation protocol designed specifically for Bluetooth-based wireless sensor networks. Our protocol builds a scatternet on demand, and is able to cope with multiple sources initiating traffic simultaneously. In addition, our energy-aware forwarding nodes selection scheme is based on local information only, and results in more uniform network resource utilization and improved network lifetime. Simulation results show that our protocol can provide scatternet formation with reasonable delay and good load balance, which results in prolonged network lifetime for Bluetooth-based wireless sensor networks.     

新型智能水表设计开发

新型智能水表利用水流驱动叶轮转动发电为锂电池充电,锂电池为电路模块供电。此水表结合了智能控制技术、现代传感检测技术、无线网络通讯技术和计算机软件技术,实现用水量的计量、存储和远程抄表。内置的GPRS模块和蓝牙模块分别用于与远程系统和用户手机APP进行数据传输。     

Accelerometer-based fall detection using optimized ZigBee data streaming

Wireless body-area sensor networks (WBSNs) are key components of e-health solutions. Wearable wireless sensors can monitor and collect many different physiological parameters accurately, economically and efficiently. In this work we focus on WBSN for fall detection applications, where the real-time nature of I/O data streams is of critical importance. Additionally, this generation of alarms promises to maximize system life. Throughput and energy efficiency of the communication protocol must also be carefully optimized. In this article we investigate ZigBee’s ability to meet WBSN requirements, with higher communication efficiency and lower power consumption than a Bluetooth serial port profile (SPP) based solution. As a case study we implemented an accelerometer-based fall detection algorithm, able to detect eight different fall typologies by means of a single sensor worn on the subjects’ waist. This algorithm has a low computational complexity and can be processed on an embedded platform. Fall simulations were performed by three voluntary subjects. Preliminary results are promising and show excellent values for both sensitivity and specificity. This case study showed how a ZigBee-based network can be used for high throughput WBSN scenarios.     

一种体域网无线心电监护系统的研制与测试

随着中国老龄化和家庭空巢化的加剧,患有慢性疾病的老人在医院外的健康监护问题变得日益突出。这就需要人们能够设计出有别于传统医疗仪器的新系统,这样的新系统称为体域网系统。论述了体域网无线心电监护系统的设计方案,重点介绍了患者系统以及预警系统的构成。患者系统采用便携式心电检测模块来采集患者的心电信号;蓝牙短距无线通信技术用于将实时心电信号传输到智能手机;预警系统能接收患者系统发送的心电信号。最后给出了在医院环境中对系统进行的三项测试结果。     

A Survey on Wearable Sensor-Based Systems for Health Monitoring and Prognosis

The design and development of wearable biosensor systems for health monitoring has garnered lots of attention in the scientific community and the industry during the last years. Mainly motivated by increasing healthcare costs and propelled by recent technological advances in miniature biosensing devices, smart textiles, microelectronics, and wireless communications, the continuous advance of wearable sensor-based systems will potentially transform the future of healthcare by enabling proactive personal health management and ubiquitous monitoring of a patient's health condition. These systems can comprise various types of small physiological sensors, transmission modules and processing capabilities, and can thus facilitate low-cost wearable unobtrusive solutions for continuous all-day and any-place health, mental and activity status monitoring. This paper attempts to comprehensively review the current research and development on wearable biosensor systems for health monitoring. A variety of system implementations are compared in an approach to identify the technological shortcomings of the current state-of-the-art in wearable biosensor solutions. An emphasis is given to multiparameter physiological sensing system designs, providing reliable vital signs measurements and incorporating real-time decision support for early detection of symptoms or context awareness. In order to evaluate the maturity level of the top current achievements in wearable health-monitoring systems, a set of significant features, that best describe the functionality and the characteristics of the systems, has been selected to derive a thorough study. The aim of this survey is not to criticize, but to serve as a reference for researchers and developers in this scientific area and to provide direction for future research improvements.      

基于蓝牙的机器人传感网络设计

文章针对机器人传感网络的通信特点,以蓝牙技术为基础,提出了一种基于蓝牙技术的机器人传感网络的设计和实现方案.通过采用32位单片机ARM7,设计了基于蓝牙串口多点内嵌模块的机器人传感网络演示系统.该系统实时性好,具有较大的灵活性和可扩展性,其运行情况表明基于蓝牙技术的通信方式能够为机器人传感网络提供可靠的通信.     

An efficient and low cost Windows Mobile BSN monitoring system based on TinyOS

Monitoring methods for human body parameters are used over years to identify health conditions and biofeedback. For example, the core-body temperature is correlated with women fertility and ovulation periods. Mobile devices offer an extraordinary solution for health monitoring with mobility and continuous monitoring. This paper presents a Windows Mobile based system for body parameters monitoring. The proposed system comprises a SHIMMER-based body sensor network used to measure and collect body parameters, and a mobile application for personal monitoring. The communication between the sensor and the mobile device is performed over a Bluetooth connection. This system provides a low cost, reliable and robust mobile solution platform with full mobility support for active people that should be under continuous monitoring. The system was evaluated and validated, and it is ready for use.     

基于无线传感器网络的病房监控系统设计

目前医院中对病人输液和血压心跳等生理特征的监测大多采用人工进行,且需病人配合,导致效率低下和一定程度的不安全性,造成了不能及时得到相关数据、及时发现异常情况和缺乏输液结束提示等问题。针对这些问题,设计了一种基于无线传感器网络、能对病人的状态,包括病人的输液状况和病人心跳、血压等数据自动进行采集和传输的监控系统。系统中的数据传输采用基于Zigbee技术的无线传感器网络,将各监测点作为无线传感器节点,定时将各个节点采集的信息通过自动路由传输给控制台中心机。在控制台中心机上,自动比较各项数据是否在正常范围内,并及时对异常情况发出警报;控制台中心机还能自动发送病人特征数据定时监测指令给监测点,以便监测点做出相应的处置。这就大大降低了护理强度,减小了人为疏忽造成的医疗事故率,从而极大地提高了医疗效率和质量。     

Bluetooth in wireless communication

Bluetooth is a method for data communication that uses short-range radio links to replace cables between computers and their connected units. Industry-wide Bluetooth promises very substantial benefits for wireless network operators, end workers, and content developers of exciting new applications. This article delves into the implementation and architecture of Bluetooth. It also describes the functional overview and applications of Bluetooth, and deals with the development of a model for recording, printing, monitoring, and controlling of eight process variables at the same time, using a distributed control system. We explain industrial automation via Bluetooth using IISS. Industrial automation is one of the major applications of Bluetooth technology. Industrial automation, in terms of controlling or monitoring a factory, office, or industrial process, means to install machines that can do the work instead of human workers. Industrial plants consists of many devices interconnected in different ways ranging from simple data collection units (I/O) to more intelligent devices such as sensors, one-loop controllers, or programmable controllers, and a supervisory system used as a human-machine interface (HMI) for data logging and supervisory control. An IISS is a controlling device that monitors the devices in a company. It basically communicates via the interface card in the PC; the hardware is connected parallel across the device, and it is interfaced with the PC via a transceiver. The device can be accessed both manually via the switches and remotely via the PC. A simulation of connecting a PC with the machines in a company was executed. Also, we wrote a software program using C language; we will show how the remote monitoring takes place between the control room and the PC. These details in the article establish the growing need for Bluetooth technology     

Implementation of security policy for clinical information systems over wireless sensor networks

Various healthcare areas such as diagnosis, surgery, intensive care and treatment, and patient monitoring in general, would greatly benefit from light, autonomous devices which can be unobtrusively mounted on the patient’s body in order to monitor and report health-relevant variables to an interconnection device in the vicinity. This interconnection device should be able to connect to access points at different locations within the healthcare institution. In this manner, health-relevant measurements can be forwarded to the central medical database and stored therein. In this scenario, integrity and privacy of personal medical data is of utmost importance. In this paper we address the networking and security architecture of a healthcare information system comprised of patients’ personal sensor networks, department/room networks, hospital network, and medical databases. We discuss confidentiality and integrity policies for clinical information systems and propose the feasible enforcement mechanisms over the wireless hop. We also compare two candidate technologies, IEEE 802.15.1 and IEEE 802.15.4, from the aspect of resilience to jamming and denial-of-service attacks.     

基于CLIPS的居家老年人监护系统设计与实现

随着人口老龄化加剧,独居老人现象逐渐严峻,对老年人生活的实时监护变得日益迫切.基于物联网通信和计算机技术,设计并实现了智能化家居式监护系统.该系统由传感器网络、ZigBee无线网络和PC用户端组成.结合先进的智能传感器、ZigBee和CLIPS专家系统技术,设计开发了PC用户端.设计并搭建了CLIPS专家平台,可以对获...     

Cardiovascular oscillations of the carotid artery assessed by magnetoelastic skin curvature sensor

The present study concerns the nondisturbing assessment of cardiovascular oscillations of the carotid artery using a novel skin curvature sensor on the neck. The mechanical oscillations of the skin reflect changes of the artery radius and thus relevant physiological data such as cardiac and respiratory activities, their mutual dependencies, and even changes of blood pressure. The skin curvature sensor is easy to handle and it minimally disturbs the patient, which is relevant for many medical areas such as sleep monitoring.