Introduction to the special issue: Psychology and AIDS.

From its beginnings in 1981, psychologists have been involved in worldwide efforts to meet the many challenges of the AIDS health crisis. As researchers and practitioners, as consultants and policy advisors, as educators and evaluators, and as activists and concerned members of the community--we psychologists have responded in many ways. We have attempted a broad perspective in approaching this special issue. We wanted coverage of the science, the practice, and the social issues that AIDS has brought into focus for psychology. Any attempt to cover all the issues is doomed to failure, however. The science changes too quickly, and the disease is spreading too rapidly, for any group of journal articles to ever claim currency and comprehensiveness. The issue has been divided into six major sections, each with an introduction. We begin with articles that overview the roles of psychology in the AIDS health crisis as seen in our own profession, and from various levels of science, health care, and legislative and government action. Then we present articles reviewing some of the primary issues AIDS commands us to examine: public health, antibody testing, AIDS and the communities of Black and Hispanic men, IV drug abuse, sexual behavior change, stigma, and psychoneuroimmunology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction to the special issue.

Provides an introduction to the special issue of the American Psychologist, which is one of several publications prepared for the celebration of the centenary of the American Psychological Association (APA). The 25 invited articles in this special issue constitute a unique collection portraying the founding and development of the "new" psychology in America. In celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of APA, this special issue showcases the work of many of the leading scholars writing in the history of psychology today—individuals trained in psychology and history. There is great diversity in this collection of articles that tells the story of American psychologists involved in the advancement of psychology as a science, a profession, and a means of promoting human welfare. The author concludes by briefly describing the founding of history as a specialty area within the discipline of psychology by Robert Watson, and this special issue is dedicated to his memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction to the special issue on behavioral medicine: An update for the 1990s.

The current issue of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology represents a 10-year update on a previous 1982 special issue devoted to behavioral medicine. Research, especially treatment research since 1981, is summarized across a number of topics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Linking assessment to intervention in the 21st century.

Reviews the book, Building positive behavior support systems in schools: Functional behavioral assessment by D.A. Crone and R.H. Horner (see record 2003-02190-000). Children with behavioral disorders present to school psychologists and educators some of the greatest challenges in terms of assuring education in the least restrictive environment while preserving these children's basic rights. To address the outcomes successfully within the book's three sections and eight chapters, the authors employ several conventions, such as recurring case examples; sample completed forms, protocols, and blank drafts of these forms; and supplementary sections of additional readings and resources at the end of chapters. The authors note both the effectiveness and rewards of collecting data for evaluation purposes in this section but fail to recognize some of the barriers to data collection and to provide strategies to overcome them. The authors conclude the book by discussing the process of building a behavior support team within an individual school. Overall, the book is a valuable resource for use in creating behavior support teams in schools by practitioners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Clinical and translational research: Introduction to the special issue.

This special issue represents an effort by the journal Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology to emphasize its interdisciplinary mission by encouraging the writing of articles on clinical research and the interchange between basic and clinical research on mental illness and the addictions. This special issue opens with a commentary from A. I. Leshner (2002), retired director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, which emphasizes the importance of translating research findings into clinical practice. Four review articles and 12 original research reports provide a broad sampling of contemporary clinical research, including behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, psychiatric comorbidity, and special populations, and also illustrate linkages between clinical research and basic fields of inquiry, including behavioral theory, neuropsychology, neuropharmacology, and statistics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction to special issue.

This article serves as a brief introduction to this special issue of the Review of General Psychology. The editor of this Special Issue and the authors presented put forth ideas and data on how we may better understand the people who make and interpret science. They hope that their work will serve to establish the "psychology of science" as a recognizable and useful field of study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Overview of special issue.

In the fall of 1983 Michael Lacroix (CP Associate Editor) asked me to "guest-edit" a special issue of Canadian Psychology devoted to the behavioural medicine and health psychology domains. I agreed, and the current issue is the result. The articles and book reviews in this issue exemplify the multiple relationships between psychology and medicine. While the diversity of subject matter in this issue may appear chaotic, the underlying concept is coherent. Human beings can suffer from a variety of problems bounded by their skins but dependent upon biochemistry and life history. Understanding the development of those problems, diagnosing them, and treating them can be enhanced by the interaction of psychological knowledge with medical knowledge; and the developing interface between psychology and medicine should make us increasingly cognizant of that reality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

21世纪初叶冶金自动化装备技术发展和对策

阐述了下世纪初叶冶金自动化装备在系统技术、检测仪表、人工智能应用和电子技术技术等方面的发展趋势,提出了发展和促进我国冶金自动化装备技术和工程承包能力的对策。     

Introduction to the special issue on personality and psychopathology.

The goal of this Special Issue is to enhance this reintegration of normal-range personality and abnormal psychology, 30 years after they were split apart. The articles in the Issue examine the topic from a variety of approaches, but each of them addresses the central problem of how normal-range individual differences are related to abnormal behavior. Seven of these articles examine personality in relation to specific types of psychopathology: personality disorders, alcoholism and antisocial personality, mood and anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, somatoform disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia. It is impossible to summarize the wealth of findings that are contained in these articles; each deserves to be examined carefully. However, we can note some general conclusions here. First, it is abundantly clear that personality traits and psychopathological disorders are, in fact, empirically related. Second, although the observed relations tend to be orderly and psychologically meaningful, they also are relatively nonspecific. That is, one does not see a one-to-one correspondence between a given trait and a specific disorder; rather, each of the extensively studied traits is associated with several diagnostic categories. Third, due to a paucity of relevant data, the nature of these observed relations is still largely unclear. Several different explanatory models have been proposed, and each has received at least suggestive support in the literature. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology in nineteenth century high schools.

"Psychology as a teaching subject in high schools has been a topic of active discussion by groups and individuals for the past decade." In the writer's collection of textbooks by American authors published prior to 1890, "there are seven which the authors claim are intended for use in high schools, although in two cases it is made clear that the texts are intended for teachers and not pupils." "While we have no data on the amount of use made of these textbooks in secondary schools, the fact that they were issued for such use suggests that the teaching of psychology in high schools has been considered possible for over a century." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction to the special section.

Areas of research are invigorated by new methods, approaches, and theoretical perspectives. The integration of psychological and biological approaches to psychopathology research is a major theme in research at this time. This special section consists of three articles relevant to biopsychological studies of schizophrenia. The first article provides an overview of cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia. The second article considers the topic of high-risk group research. The third article deals with a longstanding problem in schizophrenia research—the effects of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy has important beneficial effects on measures of theoretical interest in psychological studies of schizophrenia, but it may also produce impairments in cognitive processes. The cognitive psychopharmacology of schizophrenia is a topic of both theoretical and methodological relevance in psychopathology research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Family psychology and family law: Introduction to the special issue.

This special issue of the Journal of Family Psychology evolved from the work of the Forensic Task Force of Division 43, American Psychological Association, members of which have been studying and working with the emerging, complex issues occurring at the intersection of family psychology and family law. This issue is an endeavor to bring together current research and paradigm development that has relevance not only to family psychologists who have expertise in systems and developmental theories but also to forensic psychologists who have expertise in individual assessment but may lack experience in a systems-ecological framework. A primary goal of this special issue is to introduce readers to new and emerging opportunities for research and practice in the areas where family psychology and family law overlap. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

以科学发展观审视21世纪的中国高炉炼铁

 进入21世纪,中国钢铁工业规模发展空前,对中国经济增长贡献巨大。规模快速扩张中出现许多问题,以科学发展观来衡量,在许多方面需要改进。虽然在某些方面,中国高炉炼铁技术经济指标进入国际先进水平,但总体上中国钢铁工业仍属于粗放型,面临的挑战是严峻的。提出了迎接挑战的若干建议。     

Introduction to the special issue on the self and social identity.

This article describes the special issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JPSP), which is the result of a joint undertaking by the three sections of JPSP. This makes it different from previous special sections or issues of the journal in that rather than relying on the generous services of a guest editor, the same editorial team that handles the regular journal issues has originated this special issue, as well, thus conveying a sense of "business as usual." Our major reason for the present initiative was to highlight the essential unity of personality and social psychology as a field of science. The topic choice for the present special issue was dictated by its relevance and interest to the field of personality and social psychology as a whole, across its various partitions and subdivisions. The articles in the special issue amply reflect the naturalness with which the self and social identity theme transcends the boundaries of JPSP sections. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

21st birthday drinking: Extremely extreme.

Despite public recognition of the hazards of 21st birthday drinking, there is little empirical information concerning its prevalence, severity, and risk factors. Data from a sample of 2,518 college students suggest that 21st birthday drinking poses an extreme danger: (a) 4 of every 5 participants (83%) reported drinking to celebrate, (b) birthday drinkers indicated high levels of consumption, (c) 12% of birthday drinkers (men and women) reported consuming 21 drinks, and (d) about half of birthday drinkers exceeded their prior maximum number of drinks. Current problematic alcohol involvement and its typical correlates strongly predicted both the occurrence and severity of 21st birthday drinking. It is imperative that investigators consider a variety of potential interventions to minimize the harm associated with this rite of passage. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction to this special issue.

In this introduction to the special issue, the former president of the American Psychological Association describes some of the work he did during his presidency regarding aging and working with older adults. He introduces the present special issue of Psychotherapy which includes a number of submissions dealing with treatment, intervention, assessment, policy issues, and research in the field of aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Challenges to Professional Psychology Education in the 21st Century: Response to Peterson.

Professional psychology education faces many critical challenges brought about by the major changes occurring in the health care arena. This article shows that professional schools and programs have a good record of responding to these challenges and of taking proactive steps sponding to prepare their graduates for new health care roles and delivery systems. Data on admissions to psychology doctoral training programs demonstrate little support for the toral concerns raised by Donald R. Peterson (2003, this issue) about the preparation of students for graduate training in professional programs. Although quality concerns are important to investigate, such examination best resides with portant the American Psychological Association's Committee on Accreditation, which has the promotion of quality and excellence in professional psychology education and training as its major goal and responsibility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction to the special issue: Integrating personality and social psychology.

The purpose of this Special Issue is not to mark one approach as superior to others but rather to present a wide variety of approaches to the problem of integrating personality and social psychology. This introductory essay seeks to underscore some of the integrative aspects of the articles collected here and to help point the direction for future activity along the same lines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction to the special issue on rehabilitation psychology and the law.

Introduces this Special Issue of Rehabilitation Psychology, which includes a compilation of articles that represent the most current thinking in and is an up-to-date report of the interplay between legal factors and rehabilitation psychology. The guest editor, Bruce Sales, in his overview of the issue, cogently identifies those barriers to effective rehabilitation and highlights those that are created by our legal system, at either the national, state, or local level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)