锰对贝氏体钢中残余奥氏体回火稳定性的影响

为探索锰含量的变化(锰质量分数为0.1%(0.1Mn钢)和1.5%(1.5Mn钢))对无碳化物贝氏体钢中残余奥氏体(RA)回火稳定性的影响,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)及透射电镜(TEM)等试验方法对残余奥氏体稳定性和力学性能的变化规律进行研究。结果表明,0.1Mn钢的热轧态组织主要是由粒状贝氏体(GB)+板条贝氏体(LB)组成,而1.5Mn钢的热轧态组织主要以板条贝氏体为主,且1.5Mn钢中残余奥氏体含量较高,屈服强度和抗拉强度均优于0.1Mn钢。在经过300～500℃回火后,残余奥氏体体积分数逐渐下降至完全分解,屈服强度和抗拉强度均表现为先升高后降低,但伸长率逐步增加。300℃回火性能最佳,原因主要是由于残余奥氏体在300℃回火中,块状残余奥氏体分解为过饱和马氏体/贝氏体,碳从过饱和马氏体/贝氏体中扩散至邻近残余奥氏体中使其含量增加,热稳定性得到提高,在拉伸的过程中产生了TRIP效应,从而使试验钢的强塑性得到提升。1.5Mn钢的性能明显优于0.1Mn钢,因为锰可以与碳产生协同作用共同促进奥氏体的稳定,提高伸长率,另外锰含量的增加使碳当量也提高,强度增强。基于修...     

贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体取向关系

 用分析电镜和高分辨电镜确定了贝氏体钢中贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体之间存在3种取向关系。其中一种为K-S关系,即［110］γ′//［111］α,（111）γ′//（110）α;一种为N-W取向关系,即［110］γ′//［001］α,（111）γ′//（110）α;还有一种为G-T关系,即［112］γ′//［110］α,（111）γ′//(110)α。高分辨像显示,贝氏体铁素体-奥氏体相界面不平直,α和γ′两相内有系列刃型位错和结构小台阶,两相界面未显示出连续的严格共格关系。     

镍系无碳化物贝氏体无缝钢管的残余奥氏体

研究开发了一种适用于高强高韧抗腐蚀无缝钢管的镍系无碳化物贝氏体钢,其微观组织由无碳化物贝氏体、马氏体和片状残余奥氏体组成.片状残余奥氏体的存在使无碳化物贝氏体无缝钢管在保持高强度的同时,具有良好的韧性.为了满足多种强韧性配合的应用,使用Gleeble热模拟、X射线衍射仪、金相等手段对不同热处理制度下得到的片状残余奥氏体含量进行了研究,得到了不同热处理制度下残余奥氏体形态和含量的变化规律,为制造高强高韧抗腐蚀石油专用无缝管材提供了重要的试验依据.     

抗拉强度1200 MPa贝氏体钢轨的开发及其在铁路上的应用

 对鞍钢生产的贝氏体钢轨组织及性能的稳定性进行了全面的分析研究,针对钢轨矫直残余应力比较高的特点,重点进行了断裂韧性、疲劳裂纹扩展速率、残余应力等方面的研究,结合钢轨试铺考察了残余应力对钢轨的影响。研究结果表明：贝氏体钢轨组织形态及性能稳定,并具有较高的强韧性。对试铺的观测结果表明：其耐磨及表面耐剥离性能优于热处理珠光体钢轨。     

回火对Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢组织性能的影响

研究了淬火后不同温度回火对Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢显微组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,采用淬火后回火的工艺可以显著提高Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢的强度和塑性.淬火后300℃回火与350℃回火,该钢的力学性能相差不大,而450℃回火后强度、硬度相对较低,韧塑性略有提高.组织观察表明,该钢为贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体(片状和块状M-A岛)的复合组织,适当温度回火可以促进块状M-A岛分解,增加板条铁素体含量,提高残余奥氏体的机械稳定性,进而稳定其组织性能..     

国内外贝氏体钢轨综述

主要介绍了贝氏体钢轨的合金设计原理和各元素的作用,分析了国内外贝氏体钢轨的成分设计、力学性能和回火工艺,并展望了抗拉强度为1 400 MPa的贝氏体钢轨生产.     

1.6 GPa级中碳高强贝氏体钢残余奥氏体调控机理

 为了研究中碳高强贝氏体钢中的残余奥氏体体积分数在不同等温情况下的变化规律,通过X射线衍射试验、热模拟试验和扫描电子显微镜观察等,分析了等温淬火条件对中碳高强贝氏体钢中残余奥氏体体积分数和组织的影响。结果表明,最终残余奥氏体的体积分数受贝氏体相变和马氏体相变的共同影响。贝氏体相变量决定了未转变奥氏体的体积分数及其化学稳定性,从而影响随后的马氏体相变量及最终残余奥氏体体积分数。此外,随着相变温度的升高,开始由于贝氏体相变量逐渐减少,残余奥氏体体积分数先增加(300~350 ℃),随后由于马氏体相变量增加,残余奥氏体体积分数减少(350~400 ℃)。     

30 GPa·%级中碳贝氏体钢中残余奥氏体的调控机理

为了进一步提高中碳贝氏体钢的强塑性能,研究残余奥氏体的形态及分布对中碳贝氏体钢强塑积的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试技术对不同试样的显微组织进行观测对比,利用X射线衍射测试技术(XRD)对试样的组织含量进行检测,利用拉伸试验对试样的力学性能进行检测。结果表明,Al部分取代Si能够加速贝氏体相变过程,有效细化贝氏体板条尺寸和残余奥氏体尺寸,提升残余奥氏体中的碳含量,促使形成更稳定的尺寸更小的薄膜状残余奥氏体,推迟试样颈缩的发生,试样伸长率有大幅度的提升。其中,300 ℃等温淬火8 h工艺条件下,0.26Si-1.1Al试样的强塑积提升至30 GPa·%级别。     

高强度高韧性贝氏体钢轨研究

采用合金化方法生产的高强度高韧性贝氏体钢轨及道岔,其热轧态抗拉强度大于1 250 MPa,比U75V提高25%;轨腰冲击韧性大于30 J/cm2,比U75V提高3倍以上.介绍了热轧贝氏体钢轨的强化机理、生产工艺及各项检验结果.用贝氏体钢制作的铁路道岔在线路运行已一年半以上,货运量达2亿t,目前仍在使用.在北京铁路局铺设的全贝氏体组合道岔,其使用寿命进一步提高,高强度高韧性贝氏体钢在铁路使用将得到较大的社会和经济效益.     

正火终冷温度对U26Mn2Si2CrNiMo贝氏体奥氏体钢力学性能的影响

通过力学性能测试及OM、SEM、EBSD、XRD显微组织分析,研究了正火终冷温度对U26Mn2Si2CrNiMo贝氏体奥氏体钢力学性能的影响。结果表明,当正火终冷温度为330℃时,其屈服强度达到1 246 MPa,抗拉强度达到1 335 MPa,伸长率为14.4%,室温冲击功为84 J,-40℃低温冲击功为38 J。随着正火终冷温度的降低,其屈服强度有所降低,但是抗拉强度增加,同时其伸长率和冲击功均逐渐降低。随正火终冷温度的降低,残余奥氏体体积分数逐渐降低,大角度晶界比例增加,残余奥氏体的取向稳定性和机械稳定性均降低,当温度降低至300℃时,残余奥氏体消失。同时低的正火终冷温度将增大贝氏体铁素体间的应变梯度,晶界失去了对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用,这些因素的协同作用导致综合力学性能的降低。     

Effect of Multi-Step Tempering on Retained Austenite and Mechanical Properties of Low Alloy Steel

 The effect of multi-step tempering on retained austenite content and mechanical properties of low alloy steel used in the forged cold back-up roll was investigated. Microstructural evolutions were characterized by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Feritscope, while the mechanical properties were determined by hardness and tensile tests. The results revealed that the content of retained austenite decreased by about 2% after multi-step tempering. However, the content of retained austenite increased from 36% to 51% by increasing multi-step tempering temperature. The hardness and tensile strength increased as the austenitization temperature changed from 800 to 920 ℃, while above 920 ℃, hardness and tensile strength decreased. In addition, the maximum values of hardness, ultimate and yield strength were obtained via triple tempering at 520 ℃, while beyond 520 ℃, the hardness, ultimate and yield strength decreased sharply.     

Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a High-Carbon Bainitic Steel Treated by Long-Time Bainitic Austempering and Short-Time Austempering Plus Tempering Processes

Herein, the microstructure and mechanical properties of a high-carbon bainitic steel treated by long-time bainitic austempering and short-time austempering plus tempering processes are compared. The multiphase microstructures are characterized by dilatometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to correlate with mechanical properties. Results show that although long-time austempering treatment can reduce the volume fraction of brittle martensite, no significant improvement is observed in fracture damage resistance. Besides, the cementite is prone to precipitation from the austenite at the later period of the long-time austempering process. The cementite precipitation in austenite decreases the carbon content in retained austenite (RA) and consequently reduces the mechanical stability of RA. In contrast, the cementite has not been able to precipitate from austenite after short-time austempering treatment, whereas the martensite is softened and the stability of RA is improved during subsequent tempering. Therefore, excellent mechanical properties are obtained in the samples treated by short-time austempering plus tempering process: ultimate tensile strength, 1489 MPa, yield strength, 1014 MPa, total elongation, 33.2%, and the product of strength and elongation (PSE) of 48.4 GPa%, where PSE is increased by 27% compared with the sample after long-time bainitic austempering.     

HSLA-TRIP钢动态拉伸性能和残余奥氏体转变

对成分为 0 .11C- 0 .6 2 Si- 1.6 5 Mn的低硅 TRIP钢不同试验温度下的动态拉伸性能和残余奥氏体的转变行为进行了研究。试验结果表明 ,两相区热处理温度接近 Ac1 可以获得较多的铁素体和残余奥氏体 ,此类试样拉伸试验结果有较高的强塑性配合。 110℃下的抗拉强度较 2 0℃下的降低约 30 0 MPa;均匀伸长率在应变速率 10 0 0s- 1左右达到峰值 ,总伸长率随应变速率提高而单调增加。试验温度为 5 0℃和 75℃下的能量吸收值可达到 2 6 0 0 0MPa· %。试验温度越高 ,残余奥氏体稳定性越好 ,动态拉伸的绝热效应也抑制了残余奥氏体的形变诱发相变。     

A Semi‐Empirical Model for the evolution of Retained Austenite via Bainitic Transformation in Multiphase TRIP Steels

Multiphase TRIP steels exhibit unique combinations of strength and cold formability, characteristics especially desirable in automotive applications. This behaviour is largely determined by the amount and stability of the retained austenite dispersion in the microstructure, produced by a two‐stage heat‐treatment, consisting of intercritical annealing followed by an isothermal bainitic treatment. The amount and stability of retained austenite is mainly determined by the proper selection of the temperature and temporal duration of the bainitic treatment. In the present work an approach is presented which allows for the calculation of the amount of retained austenite in the microstructure, as a function of bainitic treatment conditions. The approach is based on the physical characteristics of the bainitic transformation and on the stabilizing effects of the formation of bainitic ferrite in austenite. Each bainitic ferrite platelet is considered to chemically stabilize a part of the surrounding austenite due to carbon rejection. The spatial and temporal extent of this stabilization is determined by solving the corresponding carbon‐diffusion problem, and thus the amount of retained austenite contributed by any individual platelet is determined. Subsequently, the evolution of the population of the platelets in the entire microstructure is determined and, thus, the volume fraction of retained austenite as a function of transformation time is calculated. Application and comparison of calculations with experimental results, obtained from four different multiphase TRIP steel compositions, exhibited very good qualitative and quantitative agreement.     

Mechanical Properties and Retained Austenite Transformation Mechanism of TRIP-Aided Polygonal Ferrite Matrix Seamless Steel Tube

 Through the comparison of microstructure for polygonal ferrite (PF) matrix transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) seamless steel tube at different positions before and after tensile rupture, the transformation behavior of retained austenite (RA) was studied. The results showed that there were no yield points in tensile process and the splendid elongation and tensile strength were contributed by the uniform ferrite/bainite grains and the transformation of RA. The stability of RA was to some extent in inverse proportion with the ability of transformation induced plasticity. The coarse retained austenite located in ferrite and ferrite/bainite laths were all transformed into martensite during the tensile process.     

TRIP钢中残余奥氏体及其稳定性的研究

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪等对贝氏体等温转变后TRIP钢中的残余奥氏体及其稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,TRIP钢在贝氏体转变区400～440 ℃保温120～300 s,随着等温温度的升高和保温时间的延长,钢中残余奥氏体的含量不断增多,残余奥氏体碳含量呈降低趋势.TRIP钢中的残余奥氏体主要以薄膜状、粗大块状和细小粒状的形态存在.粗大块状的残余奥氏体稳定性最差,薄膜状次之,细小粒状最稳定.残余奥氏体的含量不足,或残余奥氏体的含量偏高造成碳含量的不足,都会导致TRIP钢综合成形性能的降低.此外,贝氏体等温处理时间过长,渗碳体的出现大大降低了残余奥氏体中的碳含量,从而降低了残余奥氏体的稳定性.