60Co γ射线对HaCaT细胞损伤的模型建立及其机制

建立放射性皮肤损伤细胞模型,考察不同吸收剂量~(60)Co γ射线对HaCaT细胞的损伤及机制。单次剂量~(60)Co γ射线对HaCaT细胞进行照射(照射源距细胞3 m,剂量率100.68 cGy/min),CCK-8法检测细胞活性,水溶性四唑盐染色法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA),流式细胞术检测细胞调亡率,Western blot检测细胞凋亡和炎症相关蛋白。~(60)Co γ射线照射HaCaT细胞(18 Gy)24 h后,细胞形态变化明显,细胞活性降低至57.50%,MDA升高到66.28μmol/mg,SOD抑制率升高至32.12%,细胞凋亡率升高至18.05%,炎症因子表达增加。~(60)Co γ射线照射(18 Gy)后孵育24 h,建立放射性皮肤损伤的HaCaT细胞模型,细胞发生损伤的机制可能与细胞氧化损伤、凋亡及炎症反应有关。     

利用聚乙烯薄膜辐照变色效应测量~(60)Coγ射线或电子射线剂量

近年来,辐射化学工业化有了迅速的发展,利用大功率~(60)Co γ辐射源或电子加速器辐照生产性能优越的化工产品逐渐增多,迫切需要快速测量~(60)Co γ射线和电子射线剂量的方法。作者利用聚乙烯薄膜辐照变色效应,研究成功一种可以夹带在辐照物件中,测量10~6～10~8rad范围剂量的体系。方法简便,适用可靠。     

雅安藏茶茶褐素对~(60)Co γ辐射损伤的防护作用

通过建立~(60)Co γ辐射损伤小鼠模型,探究雅安藏茶茶褐素对~(60)Co γ辐射损伤的防护作用。实验选取48只雄性SPF级小鼠,随机分成正常对照组、辐射对照组、阳性对照组,以及雅安藏茶茶褐素低、中、高三个剂量组,连续灌胃相应受试样品15 d,其中在灌胃第6 d,除正常对照组外,其余各组均进行全身一次性剂量为5 Gy的~(60)Co γ射线照射。第16 d称量体重后,小鼠眼睑取血、解剖后,测定其外周血细胞、骨髓脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)含量、胸脾指数、肝脏组织总抗氧化能力等相关指标。结果表明,与辐射对照组相比,雅安藏茶茶褐素能极显著提高辐射损伤小鼠血液的白细胞(White Blood Cell,WBC)、血小板(Platelets,PLT)、淋巴细胞(Lymphocytes,LYM)数量以及血液超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性(p0.01),极显著增强小鼠肝脏组织的总抗氧化能力(Total Antioxidant Capacity,T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(Total Superoxide Dismutase,T-SOD)活性(p0.01),并使股骨骨髓DNA含量极显著升高(p0.01);同时,使肝脏丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量极显著降低(p0.01),明显缓解了小鼠免疫器官胸脾的萎缩。其效果随茶褐素浓度而提高,其中高剂量茶褐素的效果达到或优于阳性药物的效果。结果表明,茶褐素对~(60)Co γ照射的辐射损伤小鼠的抗氧化系统和造血系统有较好的防护作用,以高剂量的效果最好。     

~(60)Coγ射线诱发的小鼠精子染色体畸变与骨髓细胞染色体畸变的比较

对不同剂量~(60)Co γ射线诱发的小鼠精子染色体畸变进行了研究,并对同剂量组骨髓细胞染色体畸变率进行了比较。结果表明,γ射线能诱发精子染色体产生畸变,随着射线剂量增加,精子染色体畸变率也相应增加,两者之间存在明显的线性关系,将同剂量组精子染色体畸变与骨髓细胞染色体畸变比较发现,精子染色体畸变率及易位率均明显高于骨髓细胞,统计学上有显著差异。     

氚β射线和~(60)COγ射线诱发小鼠外周血淋巴细胞微核细胞率及相对生物效应的研究

本文报道了雄性小鼠连续接受氚水或~(60)Coγ射线照射10天后,外周血淋巴细胞微核细胞率与累积吸收剂量的关系。各实验小鼠接受氚β射线内照射的累积吸收剂量分别为5.6、9.9、15.3、45.8、68.1拉德,~(60)Coγ射线外照射的累积吸收剂量分别为43、54、106、150、204和258拉德。结果表明,无论氚β射线还是~(60)Coγ射线,诱发的淋巴细胞微核细胞率随剂量增大而增加,关系式中含二次项。当氚的剂量为50拉德时,氚的 RBE 值为4.8。     

~(60)Coγ射线诱发的中国田鼠V_(79)细胞和小鼠胸腺细胞DNA单链断裂及其修复的研究

本文对~(60)Co γ射线诱发的中国田鼠肺成纤维细胞(V79)和小鼠离体胸腺细胞 DNA 单链断裂及其重接修复进行了实验研究。实验结束表明,两种细胞 DNA 单链断裂的程度分别在30Gy 和10Gy 剂量范围内与剂量呈线性相关;V79细胞 DNA 单链断裂的重接修复包含有快修复和慢修复过程;在不加血清的 TC199培养液中 V79细胞 DNA 断链仍能重接修复,而离体小鼠胸腺细胞在不加血清的 TC199或 RPM11640培养液中其 DNA 断链均不能重接修复,表明不同细胞 DNA 断链的重接修复所要求的细胞培养条件不同。     

~(60)Co γ射线照射离体人血后诱发的淋巴细胞微核率与剂量的效应关系

本文报道了~(60)Co γ射线照射人离体血后诱发的双核淋巴细胞微核效应的剂量关系结果表明,在各剂量组中的CB细胞微核细胞率、微核率与剂量的关系可拟合成线性平方模式y=aD+bD~2。     

紫芝多糖对辐射所致小鼠骨髓有核细胞微核效应的防护作用

本文报道了紫芝多糖对不同剂量~(60)Coγ射线诱发小鼠骨髓有核细胞微核细胞率影响的观察结果。结果表明,紫芝多糖对受照小鼠骨髓有核细胞的微核效应具有明显的防护作用。对瑞士白变种小鼠,受照剂量为0—4.728Gy 范围时,剂量减低系数(DRF)为1.72;对 LACA 小鼠,受照剂量在0—3.152Gy 范围时,DRF 为1.73,和L-半胱氨酸的防护效果很接近。     

~(60)Coγ射线整体照射对小鼠肠系膜淋巴结淋巴细胞在体内原发移行的影响

本文用~(51)Cr 标记细胞方法,研究了经~(60)Coγ射线整体照射后小鼠肠系膜淋巴结(MLN)淋巴细胞在同系受体小鼠体内的原发移行。结果表明,供体小鼠经0.5—4Gy~(60)Coγ射线整体照射后,其 MLN 淋巴细胞在同系正常受体体内的原发移行有很大改变。在4Gy 照射组,受体肝脏的标记细胞显著增多;脾脏的标记细胞量在各剂量组均无显著性改变 MLN、肺、回肠的标记细胞量分别在0.5Gy、1Gy、1Gy 照射后开始出现显著性降低。     

60Coγ辐射对两种栀子组织培养的影响

探讨~(60)Co γ辐射对药用栀子种子组织培养的诱变效应。以"林海1号"、武冈野生栀子果实为试材,采用4个剂量的~(60)Co γ射线辐照处理,处理后取种子进行组织培养。观察不同辐射条件下两种栀子组织培养出愈率、死亡率、不定芽分化、不定根分化情况,以及组培苗叶片结构的变化。随着吸收剂量的增加,"林海1号"出愈率降低,而武冈野生栀子40 Gy处理的出愈率升高;辐照后两种栀子不定芽分化率、生根率均呈下降趋势;"林海1号"半致死剂量范围为40～60 Gy;武冈野生栀子半致死剂量约为40 Gy。经过辐照处理的两种栀子叶片气孔都发生了不同程度的变化,保卫细胞出现皱缩现象,两种栀子均以40 Gy处理最为明显。20～40 Gy ~(60)Co γ射线辐照处理后,"林海1号"栀子、武冈野生栀子均能出苗且正常生长,生根率较高,是较为合适的剂量范围。     

IL-8动员造血细胞救治致死性照射小鼠的初步研究

将人重组白细胞介素－8(rhIL-8）动员的雄性小鼠外周血单个核细胞（MNCs）静脉输注给受到8．5Gy照射的同种雌性小鼠,并对存活的受体小鼠进行Y染色体PCR检测。结果表明,经rhIL－8动员的造血干／祖细胞可使受照射小鼠长期重建造血。提示rhIL－8具有快速有效的动员造血细胞的作用。     

The KSTAR plasma facing components for 2010 operation

The KSTAR plasma facing components (PFCs) consist of inboard limiter, poloidal limiter, divertor, passive stabilizer and neutral beam armor. The main function of the PFCs is to define boundary of operating plasma and to protect the vacuum vessel and in-vessel components such as diagnostic components, in vessel control coil and several kinds of launchers for heating and current drive systems. The divertor is designed to enhance effective particle control to keep high quality plasma with various flexibilities in the shaping control for wide range of operational regime. The passive stabilizer that is made of CuCrZr alloy is designed to passively control the vertical position and MHD instabilities during operation as well as outer boundary of the plasma. Since fabrication has been started for all of the plasma facing components from middle of 2009, the inboard limiter, the divertor, and the passive stabilizer were successfully installed in the vacuum vessel, in turn. Moreover, one set of neutral beam armor and three strings of poloidal limiters were also installed according to the heating system that newly comes in 2010. All the PFCs tiles were baked to 200 °C and the PFC system showed no vacuum leakage and other mechanical troubles. In this paper, key features, fabrication, results of assembly, and baking of the KSTAR PFCs are summarized in detail.     

~(60)Coγ线连续照射小鼠诱发的显性致死性突变

本文介绍了成年雌性和雄性NIH小鼠分别接受~(60)Coγ线连续照射诱发卵母细胞和精细胞显性致死突变的结果。二种小鼠布放在4.3克镭当量的钴源室内,连续照射10天,雌鼠接受的累积剂量分别为0.396、0.506、0.836、1.232、2.024Gy,诱发植入前丢失数为1.2220、0.8095、1.4783、2.2308、3.7143;雄鼠接受的累积剂量分别为0.462,0.594,0.968,1.628,2.552Gy,诱发植入前丢失数为0.0345、0.0690,1.1379、2.1538、2.2308。实验结果表明:卵母细胞和精细胞的植入前丢失数与剂量之间均为线性关系,两斜率之比为1.66。说明在相同照射条件下,诱发卵母细胞突变率比精细胞敏感1.66倍。     

J005A电磁波屏蔽织物对电磁脉冲辐照后小鼠血脑屏障的影响

医疗、科研和国防电子仪器设备以及计算机、手机、微波炉等电磁波在生活用具的广泛应用,已极大地造福于人类。然而,电磁波的应用也给人类带来了危害。电磁波虽不引起物质的电离,但其能引起分子或原子的振动并改变电子能级。已有研究表明,电磁辐射如电磁脉冲(Electromagnetic pulse,EMP)会引起小鼠和大鼠的脑神经递质代谢异常,使它们的学习能力和记忆能力下降,也会影响麻醉大鼠的脑电波。对大鼠的免疫系统、生殖系统与内分泌系统也有一定影响。     

氚水内照射对小鼠脾脏空斑形成细胞的影响

本文用单层液相溶血空斑技术研究了氚水内照射对 BALB/c 小鼠脾脏空斑形成细胞(PFC)的影响。结果表明,在本实验剂量范围内(0.047—1.270 Gy),氚水对小鼠脾脏 PFC 有抑制作用,并且随剂量增加,抑制作用更加明显,呈指数性抑制反应。当剂量为1.270 Gy 时,约98.5%的 PFC 受抑制。氚水对脾脏重量和脾细胞数也有类似的影响。     

Electromagnetic and structural analyses of the vacuum vessel and plasma facing components for EAST

During plasma disruptions, time-varying eddy currents are induced in the vacuum vessel (VV) and Plasma Facing Components (PFCs) of EAST. Additionally, halo currents flow partly through these structures during the vertical displacement events (VDEs). Under the high magnetic field circumstances, the resulting electromagnetic forces (EMFs) and torques are large. In this paper, eddy currents and EMFs on EAST VV, PFCs and their supports are calculated by analytical and numerical methods. ANSYS software is employed to evaluate eddy currents on VV, PFCs and their structural responses. To learn the electromagnetic and structural response of the whole structure more accurately, a detailed finite element model is established. The two most dangerous scenarios, major disruptions and downward VDEs, are examined. It is found that distribution patterns of eddy currents for various PFCs differ greatly, therefore resulting in different EMFs and torques. It can be seen that for certain PFCs the transient reaction force are severe. Results obtained here may set up a preliminary foundation for the future dynamic response research of EAST VV and PFCs which will provide a theoretical basis for the future engineering design of tokamak devices.     

Actively cooled plasma facing components for long pulse high power operation

This paper reviews the development of heat removal technology for plasma facing components (PFCs) and focuses on water-cooled PFCs for near term, high power applications and the use of the tungsten (W), carbon (C), and beryllium (Be) as the preferred armor materials. There are also brief summaries of developments in helium-cooled PFCs and applications of free liquid surfaces. Water-cooled PFCs with C armor have been developed for Tore Supra, ITER, LHD and W7-X. W or Be armor is of interest for ITER and other devices. W-coatings on graphite have been tried, and mockups with “W brush” armor, developed in the USA for ITER and emulated elsewhere, have withstood thermal cycling at 25 MW/m². Reliably joining of the armor has been a significant challenge. A shorter version of this paper was published previously in the International Toki Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion (ITC-10), Toki, Japan, January 18–21, 2000.     

Power balance investigation in steady-state LHCD discharges on TRIAM-1M

A discharge longer than 5 h was successfully achieved on TRIAM-1M by fully non-inductive lower hybrid current drive (LHCD). The heat load distribution into the plasma facing components (PFCs) during the 5 h discharge was investigated using calorimetric measurements, which estimated that the injected radio frequency (RF) power coincided with the total heat load amount to the PFCs. The power balance, including the portion of direct loss power of the fast electrons and the heat flux due to the charge exchange (CX) process, was also investigated.     

Damage of actively cooled plasma facing components of magnetic confinement controlled fusion machines

Plasma facing components (PFCs) of magnetic fusion machines have high manufactured residual stresses and have to withstand important stress ranges during operation. These actively cooled PFCs have a carbon fibre composite (CFC) armour and a copper alloy heat sink. Cracks mainly appear in the CFC near the composite/copper interface. In order to analyse damage mechanisms, it is important to well simulate the damage mechanisms both of the CFC and the CFC/Cu interface. This study focuses on the mechanical behaviour of the N11 material for which the scalar ONERA damage model was used. The damage parameters of this model were identified by similarity to a neighbour material, which was extensively analysed, according to the few characterization test results available for the N11. The finite elements calculations predict a high level of damage of the CFC at the interface zone explaining the encountered difficulties in the PFCs fabrication. These results suggest that the damage state of the CFC cells is correlated with a conductivity decrease to explain the temperature increase of the armour surface under fatigue heat load.     

Improvement of non destructive infrared test bed SATIR for examination of actively cooled tungsten armour Plasma Facing Components

For steady state (magnetic) thermonuclear fusion devices which need large power exhaust capability and have to withstand heat fluxes in the range 10–20 MW m^?2, advanced Plasma Facing Components (PFCs) have been developed. The importance of PFCs for operating tokamaks requests to verify their manufacturing quality before mounting. SATIR is an IR test bed validated and recognized as a reliable and suitable tool to detect cooling defaults on PFCs with CFC armour material. Current tokamak developments implement metallic armour materials for first wall and divertor; their low emissivity causes several difficulties for infrared thermography control. We present SATIR infrared thermography test bed improvements for W monoblocks components without defect and with calibrated defects. These results are compared to ultrasonic inspection. This study demonstrates that SATIR method is fully usable for PFCs with low emissivity armour material.