防风网对空冷岛换热效率的影响及防风网优化

以国内蒙达电厂600MW直接空冷机组为例,针对当前直接空冷机组运行中的突出问题——环境风的不利影响,利用CFD数值模拟软件Fluent,对空冷岛外部流场进行数值模拟.针对环境风的影响,在空冷岛挡风墙下延方向加装防风网.分析典型风向下,加装不同高度及开孔率的防风网对空冷岛换热性能的影响,从而对防风网进行优化.通过研究发现加装防风网后能有效地抵御环境风的影响,提高直接空冷岛的换热效率.     

直接空冷凝汽器加装防风网的数值模拟

利用Fluent软件,以国内某600 MW直接空冷机组为例,对迎风侧2个相邻空冷凝汽器进行了数值模拟,得到了不同环境横向风速下空冷凝汽器的传热效率随着风速的增大而降低,而且被环境风冲刷越严重的凝汽器受影响程度越大的结论.针对横向风对空冷凝汽器传热效率的影响,在凝汽器挡风墙下延方向加装了防风网.对加装防风网后的空冷凝汽器进行了数值模拟,分析了防风网的不同结构参数(开孔率、高度)对空冷凝汽器传热效率的影响,结果表明:在加装防风网后凝汽器传热效率显著提高,防风网的结构参数对其防风效果有明显影响,为直接空冷机组的防风网改造提供了理论依据.     

环境风对空冷岛换热性能影响的分析及其改善措施

利用CFD软件,采用分步建模的方法对某2×300MW直接空冷凝汽器进行了数值模拟.分析了不同风向和风速对空冷岛外部流场和空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响.找出了环境风影响下热风回流和空冷单元风机出力降低的原因.空冷岛安装防风网,其换热性能会受到防风网的影响.结果表明,低压区的形成是导致热风回流和风机出力降低的主要原因;加装防风网可以有效改善风机入口流场,在风速为9m/s时,可以提高风机容积效率8.5％.     

光伏电站防风设计方案分析

针对国内大型光伏电站,提出挡风墙、挡风板和防风抑尘网3种防风设计方案;并对每种方案的特点进行分析,提出相应的适用条件。     

钢筋混凝土杆的防风标准对比和防风措施研究

对比了不同版本的架空配电线路规范关于重现期、基准高度和最大设计风速的规定,可知配电线路在防风方面的设计标准逐步得到了提升。然后通过计算典型的直线杆和转角杆,结果表明现行规范下钢筋混凝土杆的底部弯矩设计值增大,文章最后提出若干配电线路防风措施。     

沿海地区差异化的防风保底电网构建方法

历次台风登陆都会对沿海地区电网造成不同程度的损坏,因而提高沿海地区电网防风抗灾能力非常紧迫。为此,提出了一种差异化规划建设的防风保底电网构建方法,通过结构性的风险管控校核电网结构的供电可靠性和快速复电能力,根据差异化的规划原则选取城市重要站点和关键线路构建最小规模的防风保底电网,并提出多项评价指标评估所构建的保底电网。广东省某沿海城市构建防风保底电网的算例结果表明,该方法对保障重要用户供电具有较高可靠性、适应性和经济性。     

大风地区铁路电力线路防风技术研究

在介绍风力对电力线路及设备影响的基础上,给出了风力对铁路架空线路影响的计算公式和计算参数.论述了大风对铁路电力线路的危害程度,论证了大风地区铁路电力线路采取防风措施的重要性和必要性.根据相关规程,介绍了各个户外铁路电力设备防风的主要措施和手段,可作为大风地区铁路电力架空线路的安全稳定运行策略参考.     

200MW直接空冷机组变工况特性研究

以200MW直接空冷机组为例,考虑排汽管道的压损,排汽口和凝汽器入口间水蒸汽柱高度压差及排汽管道对环境散热量,建立直接空冷机组冷端系统变工况数学模型,编程计算做出直接空冷机组冷端系统特性曲线,同时分析了凝汽器入口压力及管道压损的变工况特性,对于空冷机组的运行具有一定的指导价值。     

水平挡板改善直接空冷凝汽器流场特性的数值模拟

以某1000 MW直接空冷机组凝汽器的一组空冷单元为研究对象,建立了物理模型和数学模型,通过计算流体力学模拟分析,研究横向风对空冷机组凝汽器的影响规律和水平挡板改善风机入口侧流场的机理.结果表明：加装水平挡板可以使空冷凝汽器横向风迎风侧第一单元风机入口的负压区前移,有效削弱横向风的不利影响,增加空冷单元进风的质量流量;对于所研究的直接空冷机组凝汽器,水平挡板的最佳长度为15 m.     

摩托车催化转化器性能台架考核装置改进

摩托车催化转化器性能台架考核方法,可以快速有效的评价催化器的性能.在本文中对原有的试验装置进行了改进.设计了电喷系统对空燃比进行调节,设计了换热器对催化器入口温度进行调节.试验结果证明改进后的装置可以提高空燃比和入口温度的控制精度,满足快速准确的评价催化器性能的要求.     

直接空冷单元流动换热特性数值研究

对A型直接空冷单元流动换热特性进行了数值研究,分析了环境风速、风向、风温、平台高度等对空冷单元流动换热特性的影响。计算结果表明:环境侧风通过两方面影响空冷单元的性能,水平分速度严重影响通风量在散热器上的分配均匀性,垂直分速度严重影响风机的通风量。随着环境风速的增大,散热器的通风量减小,散热器温度升高,热回风率增加,风机压头有效利用系数降低;在同样环境风速下,Y向风是更不利的风向,应尽量避免;环境温度增加一方面提高了空冷单元的进风温度,另一方面减少了风机的通风量,使流动和换热恶化;在所研究的平台高度内,平台高度对空冷单元的流动和换热影响不大。研究结果可为空冷凝汽器的运行及优化设计提供参考。     

Operation optimization of cold-end system of direct air-cooled units considering the effect of environmental wind

An air-cooled island can significantly alter the heat transfer performance of an air-cooled condenser due to the reflow of hot air caused by environmental wind. This can result in a considerable deviation between the backpressure calculated by traditional air-cooled condenser models and the actual value. To address the issue, a research study was conducted on a 600-MW direct air-cooled unit. Numerical simulation methods were used to obtain the corresponding air flow rates and fan inlet air temperatures for each air-cooled heat exchanger, which were then combined to establish a backpressure calculation model. From the above model, the backpressure prediction model and unit net output of full conditions were established using a backpropagation neural network. Therefore, taking the net output as the optimization objective, a genetic algorithm was used to compute the optimal backpressure and optimal fan speed in off-design situations. Compared with traditional calculation approaches, the model produces backpressure predictions that were closer to the actual situation under the effect of ambient wind. The results indicate that both the optimal backpressure and fan speed were positively correlated with the exhaust flow and ambient temperature. It has been observed that when a unit was affected by different wind directions, the effect of the forwarding wind on the backpressure was smaller than that of other wind directions, especially under high-load conditions. Moreover, the fan group operates close to full capacity under high-temperature and high-load conditions. Therefore, considering the influence of ambient wind, the obtained optimal backpressure and fan speed under variable working conditions were more realistic.     

空冷凝汽器单元流场的耦合计算

运用计算流体力学的方法,采用多孔介质模型对电厂空冷凝汽器风机和A型框架空气侧流场进行了三维准定常耦合计算,得到了风机在不同转速时空冷单元内部的速度、温度和压力的分布.结果表明:对空冷凝汽器风机和A型框架进行耦合计算较为更合理;冷空气在凝汽器翅片间的分配不均匀,因此优化空气侧的流场分布是提高凝汽器换热效率的措施之一,为凝汽器的优化设计提供了理论依据.     

风冷发动机冷却风扇试验和数据处理的探讨

论述了风冷发动机冷却风扇的试验法和用无因次特性系数法制取风扇特性曲线的方法,阐述了无因次特性系数法是制取风扇特性曲线行之有效的方法。     

Space characteristics of the thermal performance for air-cooled condensers at ambient winds

Ambient winds may lead to poor fan performance, exhaust air recirculation and mal-distribution of the air across the tube bundles of the air-cooled condensers in a power plant. Investigations of the impacts of the ambient winds on the air-cooled condensers are key area of focus. Based on a representative 2 × 600 MW direct dry cooling power plant, the physical and mathematical models of the air-side fluid and heat flow in the air-cooled condensers at various ambient wind speeds and directions are set up by introducing the radiator model to the fin-tube bundles. The volumetric flow rate, inlet air temperature and heat rejection for different air-cooled condensers as a whole, condenser cells and fin-tube bundles are obtained by using CFD simulation. The results show that the thermo-flow performances for the air-cooled condenser as a whole, condenser cells and heat exchanger bundles vary widely in space. The thermal performances of the air-cooled condensers, condenser cells and fin-tube bundles at the downstream are generally superior to those at the upwind. It is of use for the upwind fan regulations and the A-frame condenser cell geometric optimization to investigate the space characteristics of the thermal performance for the air-cooled condensers in a power plant.     

风冷发动机离心式冷却风扇的优化试验技术

介绍了为风冷发动机离心式冷却风扇优化实验研究工作而研制的试验风扇，叶片角度测量仪、风筒装置及其试验方法，以及获得的优化风扇在柴油机上的应用情况。     

Theoretical Prediction With Numerical and Experimental Verification to Predict Crosswind Effects on the Performance of Cooling Towers

A simple theoretical model, validated against available numerical and experimental data in the literature, is presented to predict the effects of crosswind on the performance of natural draft dry cooling towers. The intersection of asymptote method, along with scale analysis, is used to find a closed-form solution for the airflow rate at the tower exit for given crosswind speeds. The total heat rejected under a windy condition is then calculated based on the air mass flow rate at the tower exit. This theoretical model allows for parametric studies and can generate accurate data. Interestingly, the model results, expected to be accurate within an order of magnitude, are more accurate than anticipated when compared to available experimental and numerical data in the literature. In fact, the maximum relative error is observed to be 15% when current theoretical predictions are compared to available experimental data. The results of this study will be useful for future work on the development of air-cooled condensers, especially for geothermal and solar thermal power plants in Australia.     

Influence of Swirlers on Flow and Heat-transfer in Direct Air-cooled Condenser Unit

To improve the heat exchange of air-cooled condenser unit (ACCU), the numerical simulations of ACCU with a new swirling device (named swirler) installed at outlet of the fan (improved air-cooled condenser unit, named IACCU) is executed, under various vane angles of different swirlers compared to the same conventional air-cooled condenser unit (CACCU) without swirler. The swirl intensity theory is presented, and the flow fields and temperature distributions of the IACCUs are obtained and compared with that of the CACCU. The simulated results show that the heat transfer characteristic and the flow field characteristic of the IACCU are both better than that of the CACCU. The vane angle of the swirler is optimized for the IACCUs with four different kinds of swirlers, and the most effective one of these devices is found out.     

环境因素对直接空冷机组的影响

直接空冷机组的运行状况受周围环境的影响很大,不同的风速、风向不仅会影响到机组运行的经济性,甚至还会造成掉闸停机事故。本文在总结火力发电厂空冷系统特点的基础上,对现场环境及所采集数据进行了系统分析,重点研究了环境作用对直接空冷机组空冷风机吸入风量和入口温度以及空冷机组背压影响,同时分析了环境温度的变化对空冷机组供电煤耗的影响。     

Performance prediction of an improved air-cooled steam condenser with deflector under strong wind

For an air-cooled steam condenser (ACSC), environmental wind can cause a large flow rate reduction in the axial fans mainly near the windward side of the air-cooled platform due to cross-flow effects, resulting in a heat transfer reduction. This leads to an increase of turbine back pressure, and occasional turbine trips occur under extremely gusty conditions. A new method is proposed in this paper to remove the strong wind effect by adding deflecting plates under the air-cooled platform, which contributes to forming a uniform air mass flow rate in the axial fans by leading enough cooling air to the fans in the upwind region. Numerical simulation is made of the thermal-flow characteristics and heat transfer performance of the improved ACSC with deflectors. A heat exchanger model is used for simulating the flow and heat transfer in the ACSC, in which the heat exchanger is simplified to a porous medium and all flow losses are taken into account by a viscous and an inertial loss coefficient. A fan model is used for reaching the flow condition at the heat exchanger inlet with the actual performance curves of the fan. It is found that the improved ACSC with deflector shows a significant enhancement in both the cooling air mass flow rate and the heat rejection rate compared with the conventional ACSC. The higher the wind speed is, the larger the heat transfer enhancement of the improved ACSC is. The effect of the plate inclination is also investigated, and the inclination angle of 45° is found to be the optimum value for the arrangement of the deflector.