Modeling of solar-radiation transfer in the spherical system of atmosphere-earth’s surface

The study gives a characteristic of the developed model of solar-radiation transfer in the spherical system atmosphere-earth’s surface. Account is taken of the vertical profiles of the aerosol and gas components of the atmosphere, the anisotropy of the reflection of the earth’s mantle, the properties of the relief of the earth’s surface, the characteristics of the wind wave, and the optical properties of the aqueous medium. The problem of radiation transfer is considered in the approximation of the small-angle modification of the method of spherical harmonics. The polar and azimuthal distributions of the components of the Stokes vector are obtained. The integral radiation characteristics and the temperature and rate of heating of the medium at various levels are determined within the framework of a general calculation scheme.     

Factors affecting the static shear strength of the prosthetic stem–bone cement interface

Debonding of the stem–cement interface has been implicated in the initiation of failure of cemented femoral stems. The objective of this work was to examine some of the parameters which influence the interface static shear strength, including surface finish, cement type, pre-treatments and porosity. Surface finish was found to have the greatest effect on the interface strength. Increasing the surface roughness by a factor of 100 increases the interface shear strength by a factor of 20. However, increasing the surface roughness above a certain value was found to have no additional affect. This was due to failure in the cement itself rather than at the cement–stem interface. There were significant differences between some of the different cement types regarding the interface strength. Pre-heating the stem produced a six fold reduction in cement porosity at the stem–cement interface, however, resulting in only a minor influence on the static interface strength. Generally, no significant correlation was found between the cement porosity and the static interfacial shear strength.     

Does mixing affect the setting of injectable bone cement? An ultrasound study

Experimental calcium sulphate bone cement has been tested by ultrasounds to characterise its progressive setting through the evolution of several acoustic properties. The acoustic impedance z(t), the density ρ (t) and the speed of sound c(t) versus the curing time have been monitored during the viscous-to-solid transition of the cement as a function of different mixing conditions. Injectability tests were also performed and the results have been related to the acoustic properties measured previously. It has been observed that further mixing after cement’s constituency, and before the initial setting time of the cement, drastically affects both the characteristic setting times and the injectability of the cement.     

Boussinesq’s viscoelastic problem on normal concentrated force on a half-space surface

A problem on the action of a normal concentrated force on the surface of viscoelastic half-space (Boussinesq’s viscoelastic problem) is solved. The relations of the theory of linear isotropic viscoelasticity are used as determining relations. The two relaxation functions corresponding to shift and volumetric expansion states are accepted to be independent. The forms of these functions are not defined concretely. Exact formulae for displacements, strains and stresses components are represented. The used solution method may be used for the solution of a series of problems of the theory of linear isotropic viscoelasticity as well.     

Elaborating on the consumer’s intention–behavior gap regarding 5G technology: The moderating role of the product market-creation ability

The Existent theories of information and communication technology (ICT) expose behavioral intention as the key predictor in technology usage behavior. Still, the evidence divulges only a low influence on this relationship. This disparity is named the ‘intention–behavior gap’, and we believe that it requires more theoretical analysis to better understand this gap. This research aims to find novel factors to overcome these constraints and perceive the mechanism of how intentions lead to actual behavior. In the technology user's context, this study has acknowledged product market creation ability as an encouraging factor to overcome such limitations. Data was collected from Chinese consumers (n = 327) in Beijing and was examined employing the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. The outcomes confirm that intentions have a positive impact on the usage behavior of 5G technology. The outcomes demonstrate that the market creation ability of the 5G technology products moderate and encourage the intentions and usage behavior relationship. Policy-makers and managers who aim to make positive changes in the behavior of technology users are motivated to consider the inferences of this study.     

Bibliometric analysis of the journal literature on women’s studies

This study uses bibliometric techniques to investigate the characteristics and implications of women’s studies literature over the period from 1900 to 2013. Using computer analysis for bibliometric techniques, the results of the present study demonstrate that the journal literature on women’s studies has grown exponentially, with an annual growth rate of 10.6% for over one century. Most of the document types in the area of women’s studies are in the form of research articles, review articles and book reviews. The United States of America and the United Kingdom contribute the largest number of articles. One hundred and seventeen core journals containing 33% of the women’s studies journal articles have been identified through the application of Bradford’s law on journal distribution. More than half of the 117 core journals began publishing from 1970 to 1990, and most of these core journals deal with the humanities (including literature, history and philosophy), women’s studies, medical science, psychology, political science and sociology. The highly productive journals associated with highly cited times are Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Women’s Studies International Forum, Sex Roles, Feminism and Psychology, Gender and Society, European Journal of Women’s Studies, American Historical Review, Psychology of Women Quarterly and Feminist Studies.     

Increasing the efficiency of systems for the detection of the contours of parts on the basis of Hough’s transformation

Hough’s transformation, which is used in systems for the detection and control of the geometric parameters of parts, along with the complex influence of different sets of filters in a contour detection system are considered. The basic methods of filtration that promote suppression of noise, the elimination of false contours, tapering of the edges of contours, and the removal of residual noise in the form of unconnected points of a contour are described. A quantitative estimate of the efficiency gained with the use of these filters is given from the results of tests.     

On the influence of uncited publications on a researcher’s h-index

Scientometrics - A researcher’s output comprises cited and uncited papers. Nevertheless, the conventional h-index considers only the cited papers; and, in particular, awards a score to the...     

The evaluation of energy–environmental efficiency of China’s industrial sector: based on Super-SBM model

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - With the process of urbanization and industrialization, a growing attention has been paid to the energy–environmental efficiency in China’s...     

Synthesis and properties of bone cement materials in the calcium phosphate–calcium sulfate system

We have studied the influence of the cement liquid composition and the relationship between the components of the calcium sulfate–precipitated calcium phosphate system in a wide concentration range on the setting time, phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of cement materials. The results demonstrate that the greatest promise is held by a magnesium phosphate-based cement liquid which, when mixed with powder, forms a high-strength phase, leading to a considerable increase in the strength of the cements. The addition of 20 wt % calcium sulfate to the starting mixture ensures dispersion hardening of the cements. We have obtained new cement materials offering a strength of up to 60 MPa, which are expected to find medical applications.     

Investigation the effect of sintering temperature on Young’s modulus evaluation and thermal shock behavior of a cordierite–mullite based composite

A marked mismatch between CTE of cordierite and mullite in composition develops internal stress, which causes significant growth of cracks and subsequent damages which confer them a very good ability to thermal shock resistance. To investigate the effect of sintering temperature on the thermal shock resistance, the samples sintered at four different temperatures and evaluation of Young’s modulus monitored during 25 shock cycles. The results showed that densification behavior, thermomechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of this refractory was closely related to sintering temperature. Furthermore, during specific (5th to 10th) thermal-shock cycles a notable increase occurs in the Young’s modulus of the samples, this attributed to the formation of viscose bridges, which shield the tip of growing cracks.     

Study on the mechanical performance and application of the composite cement–asphalt mixture

The rigidity of matrix mixture asphalt (MMA) is increased by the combination with cement mortar, and the performance of asphalt pavement has been better changed in the stabilities of high temperature rut and low temperature cracking and water damage. The research problems in this project mainly focus on the combinations among cement mortar and MMA and mechanical performance of composite cement–asphalt mixture (CCAM), etc. In the project, the CCAM is produced by pouring cement mortar into MMA, and the mechanical performance of CCAM has been researched. The research contents include the production technology and mechanical performance and construction technology of CCAM. Through the test data of CCAM in the mechanical performance, and compared with the performance of AC-16 MMA, the paper has analysed the mechanical performance and application of CCAM in high temperature rut and low temperature cracking and water damage, the components design and production technology and construction technology of CCAM have been put forward. The rigidity of MMA has been improved and the mechanical performance of CCAM has also met the design standards, it is suggested that CCAM can be applied as a new composite pavement materials.     

Effect of iron on the setting properties of α-TCP bone cements

New ceramic materials with the ability to set like cement, after mixing a powder phase made of one and/or several of these new reactants and a liquid phase, have been obtained within the ternary system “CaO-P₂O₅-FeO”. These new reactants have magnetic properties, i.e. cement made from them maintains its magnetic property during the whole setting and hardening. These new materials can be of use, for example, in dental applications, in the treatment of certain types of bone cancer and, in general, in the fields of Biomaterials and Bone Tissue Engineering. In this article, we report on the effect of iron-modified α -tricalcium phosphate, which is the main reactant of commercial calcium phosphate bone cements, on their new setting and hardening properties.     

Effect of surface adsorption of carbon on the surface tension of liquid Fe–Mn–C alloys

The influences of temperature, manganese, and carbon on the surface tension of liquid ternary Fe–Mn–C systems were investigated. The measurements were carried out with the sessile drop method in the temperature range of 1653–1834?K. The manganese and carbon contents were changed between 4.79–9.89 and 1.07–4.20?wt%, respectively. It was demonstrated that the surface tension varied as a linear function of temperature for all the examined samples. With increasing manganese content, the surface tension decreased. When the weight fraction of manganese with respect to iron was fixed, the surface tension decreased with increasing carbon content. From thermodynamic consideration, it was considered that carbon preferentially adsorbed on the metal surface as carbon atoms rather than manganese carbide.     

The effect of bone ingrowth depth on the tensile and shear strength of the implant–bone e-beam produced interface

New technologies, such as selective electron beam melting, allow to create complex interface structures to enhance bone ingrowth in cementless implants. The efficacy of such structures can be tested in animal experiments. Although animal studies provide insight into the biological response of new structures, it remains unclear how ingrowth depth is related to interface strength. Theoretically, there could be a threshold of ingrowth, above which the interface strength does not further increase. To test the relationship between depth and strength we performed a finite element study on micro models with simulated uncoated and hydroxyapatite (HA) coated surfaces. We examined whether complete ingrowth is necessary to obtain a maximal interface strength. An increase in bone ingrowth depth did not always enhance the bone–implant interface strength. For the uncoated specimens a plateau was reached at 1,500 μm of ingrowth depth. For the specimens with a simulated HA coating, a bone ingrowth depth of 500 μm already yielded a substantial interface strength, and deeper ingrowth did not enhance the interface strength considerably. These findings may assist in optimizing interface morphology (its depth) and in judging the effect of bone ingrowth depth on interface strength.     

Rejuvenation heat treatment’s influence on the microstructure and properties of superalloys

Rejuvenation heat treatment is an important technology to restore damaged microstructure and properties of superalloys. This investigation is conducted to figure out the effect of rejuvenation heat treatment on the superalloys. The microstructure and micro-hardness of K002 and DZ125 superalloys after different heat treatment procedures were evaluated. The results show that the heating temperature mainly affects the solubility of the carbides and γ′ phases, while the cooling rate has an effect on the morphology of secondary γ′ phase. Owing to the transition of carbides during the work process, rejuvenation heat treatment temperature has little effect on the amount of carbides in damaged alloys. Suggestions for rejuvenation heat treatment are proposed.     

The impact of foreign direct investment on the productivity of China’s automotive industry

Abstract and Key Results

Study on physicochemical properties and in vitro bioactivity of tricalcium silicate–calcium carbonate composite bone cement

In this article, a novel bone cement composed of tricalcium silicate (Ca(3)SiO(5); C(3)S) and calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) was prepared with the weight percent of CaCO(3) in the range of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%. The initial setting time was dramatically reduced from 90 to 45 min as the content of CaCO(3) increased from 0 to 40%, and the workable paste with a liquid/powder (L/P) ratio of 0.8 ml/g could be injected between 2 and 20 min (nozzle diameter 2.0 mm). The composite cement showed higher mechanical strength (24-27 MPa) than that of the pure Ca(3)SiO(5) paste (14-16 MPa). Furthermore, the composite cement could induce apatite formation and degrade in the phosphate buffered saline. The results indicated that the Ca(3)SiO(5)-CaCO(3) paste had better hydraulic properties than pure Ca(3)SiO(5) paste, and also the composite cement was bioactive and degradable. The novel bone cement could be a potential candidate as a bone substitute.