煤基压块活性炭制备工艺研究

以大同烟煤和陕西府谷煤为原料进行实验,利用水蒸气活化法,制备不同配比的具有较高焦糖脱色率的压块活性炭。实验结果表明:在大同煤:府谷煤质量比为6:4,炭化温度550℃、活化温度930℃、烧失率73.5%的条件下,制得的活性炭性能较佳,其指标分别为强度98%,碘吸附值1 130 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值260 mg/g,焦糖脱色率达到98%。     

以大同烟煤为原料制备压块活性炭的研究

煤基压块活性炭是以煤为原料,经过制粉、压块、炭化和活化等工序制得的一种不定性颗粒活性炭。介绍了大同烟煤的煤质特性;简述了以大同烟煤为原料制备压块活性炭的生产工艺、主要设备和实验过程。研究结果表明：采用大同烟煤制备压块活性炭,不用配煤和不需添加剂,所得压块活性炭样品的微孔发达,比表面积达到1 109 m2/g,吸附性能和强度指标均接近和优于参比样品。     

汽油吸附用煤基活性炭的制备及研究

为降低汽油吸附用活性炭的生产成本,拓展其原料来源,以大同煤和山东煤为原料,考察了配煤比、炭化及活化工艺参数对汽油吸附用活性炭性能的影响,探究了活性炭孔结构对正丁烷工作容量的影响。结果表明,大同煤与山东煤质量比为9:1时,适宜于制备汽油吸附用活性炭;活性炭烧失率的增加,有利于提高其吸附性能,当烧失率为80%~85%时,其正丁烷工作容量达到11.5 g/100 m L。2 nm~4 nm中孔活性炭有利于对汽油蒸汽的吸附;炭化温度在550℃~650℃范围内,对活性炭性能几乎不影响。     

FeCl3添加剂作用下煤基压块活性炭的孔结构调控

为了调节煤基压块破碎颗粒活性炭的孔结构,分别以大同烟煤和灵武烟煤为原料,FeCl3为金属添加剂,采用压块工艺制备活性炭,重点考察混合法、浸渍法和离子交换法引入Fe元素对活性炭孔结构和磁性能的影响。利用热重分析了煤的炭化过程和炭化料的活化过程,采用X射线衍射分析了炭化料样品的微晶结构和无机矿物质组成,采用振动样品磁强计和低温N2吸脱附表征了活性炭的磁性能和孔结构。结果表明:混合法和浸渍法引入Fe后,煤在350℃前的质量变化速率增大,350～600℃质量变化速率减小,形成的炭化料石墨化度降低,气化反应性增强,活性炭的比表面积增大,浸渍法使得大同煤基活性炭和灵武煤基活性炭的比表面积分别由672.4 m2/g和498. 9 m2/g增至704.6 m2/g和774.1 m2/g。混合法和浸渍法会显著增强活性炭样品的磁性能,其中混合法使大同煤基活性炭和灵武煤基活性炭样品的饱和磁化强度分别由1.343 0 emu/g和2.639 9 emu/g增至4.417 5emu/g和9.146 5 emu/g。由于原料煤较弱的离子交换能力,离子交换法未能成功引入Fe元素,反而由于溶液呈酸性,降低了原料煤中Ca、Fe系原生矿物质含量,限制了活性炭孔结构发育。     

影响大同煤生产高吸附活性炭的工艺因素

研究了炭化温度、炭化升温速度、炭化时间、活化温度、活化时间、煤炭粒度、H2 O/ C等工艺因素对大同煤生产高吸附活性炭的影响。     

煤基活性炭的制备及其对冶炼废水中镍离子的吸附

以新疆水西沟煤为原料,采用水蒸气化学活化法制备活性炭,考察了不同炭化温度、炭化时间、活化温度、活化时间下制得的活性炭对亚甲基蓝值和碘值的影响,确定了煤基活性炭制备最适宜的工艺条件(炭化温度为500℃、炭化时间为2 h、活化温度为900℃、活化时间为2 h),探讨了煤基活性炭对冶炼废水中镍离子的吸附性能。结果表明制备的煤基活性炭对冶炼废水中镍离子具有很好的吸附效果,当p H为8、活性炭投加量为7 g/L、温度为50℃、吸附时间为30 min时,废水中镍离子的去除率可达到94.7%。     

左云煤生产中孔发达活性炭工艺条件的选择

本文讨论了诸如炭化温度、炭化升温速度、活化温度、活化时间、粒度、H2 O/ C等工艺条件对大同地区左云煤生产中孔发达活性炭的影响。     

超级球形活性炭制备的研究

以煤沥青为主要原料采用悬浮法制备含致孔剂的煤沥青球后进行预氧化、炭化和活化，最终得到沥青基球形活性炭（PSAC）。借助扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和BET测试，所制得的PSAC球形度好、孔径分布范围窄，是一种高性能的炭质吸附材料。探讨了煤沥青球的预氧化、炭化和活化等工艺条件对PSAC的碘、苯和亚甲基蓝吸附值影响规律。结果表明：当分散荆、水溶液和沥青的吡啶溶液体积比为0．1：0．8：1时，适宜的成球温度为90℃、搅拌速度为200rpm及搅拌时间为20min，由此可制备出平均球形度大于0．9和平均粒径为25μm的煤沥青球；将所制备的煤沥青球经过预氧化温度280℃、预氧化时间6小时和炭化温度700℃、炭化时间40min及升温速率5℃／min，KOH与煤沥青的质量比为3：1的条件下，制备出煤沥青基球形活性炭的比表面积为3365m^2／g，碘、苯和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别达到2256mg／g、1068mg／g和390mg／g，微孔径主要集中分布在2～3nm左右的球形活性炭。     

用超低灰神木煤制备活性炭的研究

通过利用神木超低灰煤与神木原煤制备活性炭的对比,讨论了超低灰煤制备活性炭的优点,论述了炭化温度、活化温度、活化时间、水蒸气流量对煤制活性炭性能的影响。     

改质煤沥青制备活性炭的研究

以改质煤沥青为原料,采用KOH活化法制备活性炭。探讨了碱炭比、炭化时间、活化温度、活化时间等对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,制备改质煤沥青基活性炭的最佳条件为:碱炭比为4,炭化时间为45 min,活化温度840℃,活化时间140 min,在此条件下,制得改质煤沥青基活性炭的碘吸附值为1 152.8 mg/g。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。