Efficiently supporting order in XML query processing

XML is an ordered data model and XQuery expressions return results that have a well-defined order. However, little work on how order is supported in XML query processing has been done to date. In this paper we study the issues related to handling order in the XML context, namely challenges imposed by the XML data model, the variety of order requirements of the XQuery language, and the need to maintain order in the presence of updates to the XML data. We propose an efficient solution that addresses all these issues. Our solution is based on a key encoding for XML nodes that serves as node identity and at the same time encodes order. We design rules for encoding order of processed XML nodes based on the XML algebraic query execution model and the node key encoding. These rules do not require any actual sorting for intermediate results during execution. Our approach enables efficient order-sensitive incremental view maintenance as it makes most XML algebra operators distributive with respect to bag union. We prove the correctness of our order encoding approach. Our approach is implemented and integrated with Rainbow, an XML data management system developed at WPI. We have tested the efficiency of our approach using queries that have different order requirements. We have also measured the relative cost of different components related to our order solution in different types of queries. In general the overhead of maintaining order in our approach is very small relative to the query processing time.     

GIS权籍空间数据的存储与查询

探讨了基于关系型数据库存储XML权籍对象的方法和技术。分析了数据库存储XML数据的类型,论述了运用XML存储和管理权籍对象的可行性。基于GML规范建立了权籍对象的概念模型和逻辑模型,并根据XML权籍对象之间的关系,给出了将权籍对象转换到关系型数据库的方法,基于此实现了权籍对象空间关系的查询与应用。     

DVQ: Towards Visual Query Processing of XML Database Systems

XML has been recognized as a promising language for data exchange over the Internet. A number of query languages have been proposed for querying XML data. Most of those languages are path-expression based. One difficulty in forming path-expression based queries is that users have to know the structure of XML data against which the queries were issued. In this paper, we describe a DTD-driven visual query interface for XML database systems. With such an interface, a user can easily form path-expression based queries by clicking elements in the DTD tree displayed on the screen and supplying conditions if necessary. The interface and the query generation process are described in detail.     

标签劣质的XML数据上的查询处理

XML数据中的不正确数据、不一致数据、不精确数据等劣质数据给XML数据上的有效查询处理带来了挑战。重点研究了标签劣质的XML数据上twig查询的处理方法。给出求得每个标签的拼写相近标签、松弛标签、同义标签等相似标签的方法,以及在XML文档中求出与原查询相似的所有查询结果的高效算法。通过实验证明了所提方法的有效性和效率。     

An XML-Based Approach to Publishing and Querying the History of Databases

There is much current interest in publishing and viewing databases as XML documents. The general benefits of this approach follow from the popularity of XML and the tool set available for visualizing and processing information encoded in this universal standard. In this paper, we explore the additional and unique benefits achieved by this approach on temporal database applications. We show that XML with XQuery can provide surprisingly effective solutions to the problem of supporting historical queries on past content of database relations and their evolution. Indeed, using XML, the histories of database relations can be naturally represented by temporally grouped data models. Thus, we identify mappings from relations to XML that are most conducive to modeling and querying database histories, and show that temporal queries that would be difficult to express in SQL can be easily expressed in standard XQuery. This approach is very general, insofar as it can be used to store the version history of arbitrary documents and, for relational databases, it also supports queries on the evolution of their schema. Then, we turn to the problem of supporting efficiently the storage and the querying of relational table histories. We present an experimental study of the pros and cons of using native XML databases, versus using traditional databases, where the XML-represented histories are supported as views on the historical tables.     

Locating XML Documents in a Peer-to-Peer Network Using Distributed Hash Tables

One of the key challenges in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network is to efficiently locate relevant data sources across a large number of participating peers. With the increasing popularity of the extensible markup language (XML) as a standard for information interchange on the Internet, XML is commonly used as an underlying data model for P2P applications to deal with the heterogeneity of data and enhance the expressiveness of queries. In this paper, we address the problem of efficiently locating relevant XML documents in a P2P network, where a user poses queries in a language such as XPath. We have developed a new system called psiX that runs on top of an existing distributed hashing framework. Under the psiX system, each XML document is mapped into an algebraic signature that captures the structural summary of the document. An XML query pattern is also mapped into a signature. The query's signature is used to locate relevant document signatures. Our signature scheme supports holistic processing of query patterns without breaking them into multiple path queries and processing them individually. The participating peers in the network collectively maintain a collection of distributed hierarchical indexes for the document signatures. Value indexes are built to handle numeric and textual values in XML documents. These indexes are used to process queries with value predicates. Our experimental study on PlanetLab demonstrates that psiX provides an efficient location service in a P2P network for a wide variety of XML documents.     

用JDOM和XML实现异构数据库的数据提取

大量分散的形式及不同格式的数据给现代数据处理带来了越来越大的困难。为统一数据形式以利于数据操作和处理,讨论了将形式多样的数据格式转换成统一的XML(Extensible Markup Language)格式的问题。对数据源中不同格式文件数据,按照预先定义的XML模板,以格式说明文件结构统一描述,并提取数据或作进一步的处理,最后转换为XML格式输出。文中论述了从数据库中提取数据转换为XML格式的方法及步骤,并且方法简单实用,可以推广到对所有格式数据的提取。     

基于HTTP协议与XML技术的远程数据访问

随着Internet网络技术的迅猛发展和可扩展标志语言(简称XML)在信息的交流与共享中的广泛应用,HTTP协议与XML技术来建立分布式应用系统的方法受到了广泛的重视,提出了基于HTTP协议与XML技术的远程数据访问组件模型,对其从数据获取、传输以及外部处理的应用进行分析,介绍了如何在无状态的基于HTTP协议的交互中实现数据库访问的事务处理,最后结合企业信息化系统说明了其具体的实现。     

基于XML的数据交换技术的研究及其在大型系统中的应用

介绍了XML技术用于数据交换的优点以及XML和数据库之间映射的一些基本方法，并结合某大型网络系统层次结构和应用需求，在此基础上提出了一种适合于该大型网络平台和应用系统的数据交换平台模型，并着重探讨了数据交换系统内部结构的设计和实现。     

面向网络化协同模板技术的模板设计标记语言

提出了基于XML、面向协同设计的模板设计标记语言———TDML,提炼了TDML的定义及特征,阐述了TDML的语法及语义,并介绍了协同模板可视化设计环境及其包含的有关TDML实现与设计的运行框架;针对该框架下的模板解释器及模板分割与复合、模板结构和参数分离与合并等操作模块进行了描述,给出了模板与可视化造型库的接口.最后以冷冲模与沙发为实例,验证了TDML在协同模板可视化设计系统中的有效性.     

Towards practical meta-querying

We describe a meta-querying system for databases containing queries in addition to ordinary data. In the context of such databases, a meta-query is a query about queries. Representing stored queries in XML, and using the standard XML manipulation language XSLT as a sublanguage, we show that just a few features need to be added to SQL to turn it into a fully-fledged meta-query language. The good news is that these features can be directly supported by extensible database technology.     

面向对象的XML查询系统的设计与实现

设计和开发了面向对象的XML数据查询系统原型OOX(object-oriented XML).OOX系统中包括了面向对象XML数据查询系统的一些核心功能,如存储、索引、查询等.其最大的特点是:它是一个可以实现对富含面向对象XML数据进行查询的XML查询系统;支持用继承扩展的XML模式语言DTD的解析,支持用继承扩展的XML查询语言XML-RL;采用了先进的路经仓索引模式以及高效的查询处理技术,可以实现高效的查询处理.     

面向PSTP查询的高效处理算法

在使用"不完全结构的约束查询(PSTP查询)"从XML文档中获取信息时,用户可以根据自身对XML文档结构的熟悉程度,在查询表达式中灵活地嵌入结构约束条件,从而满足完全不了解、完全了解及了解部分结构信息的各种用户的查询需求。提出一种基于扩展Dewey编码的查询处理算法,可以在仅扫描一遍元素的情况下,处理任意形式的PSTP查询。不同数据集上的实验结果表明,EDPS算法在处理twig查询、不包含"*"结点的PSTP查询及包含"*"结点的PSTP查询时,综合性能明显优于已有方法。     

异构数据源的集成与访问

1 引言近年来,Internet/Web技术和计算机硬件的迅速发展对数据库研究领域产生了巨大的影响,提出了新的挑战性问题:一是如何使数据库系统和技术成为Web的有机组成部分,而不仅仅充当Web体系的外围角色;二是如何实现Web动态信息的管理,完成日益增多的新一代Web应用等。人们已认识到Web正在逐渐成为全球性的自主分布式计算环境,Web上的多数站点都具有丰富的数据资源。如果能够把遍及全球的Web数据源集成起来,Web将成为一个全球统一的数据库,由全世界共享。然而Web数据源的集成并非易事,数据源的异构问题是影响Web数据源集成的最大障碍。Web数据源的异构问题主要包括三个方面:第一是模式异构,表现在不     

In-network wireless sensor network query processors: State of the art,challenges and future directions

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy is valuable because it is scarce. This causes their life time to be determined by their ability to use the available energy in an effective and frugal manner. In most of the earlier sensor network applications, the main requirement consisted mainly of data collection but transmitting all of the raw data out of the network may be prohibitively expensive (in terms of communication) or impossible at given data collection rates.In the last decade, the use of the database paradigm has emerged as a feasible solution to manage data in a WSN context. There are various sensor network query processors (SNQPs) (implementing in-network declarative query processing) that provide data reduction, aggregation, logging, and auditing facilities. These SNQPs view the wireless sensor network as a distributed database over which declarative query processor can be used to program a WSN application with much less effort. They allow users to pose declarative queries that provide an effective and efficient means to obtain data about the physical environment, as users would not need to be concerned with how sensors are to acquire the data, or how nodes transform and/or transmit the data.This paper surveys novel approaches of handling query processing by the current SNQP literature, the expressiveness of their query language, the support provided by their compiler/optimizer to generate efficient query plans and the kind of queries supported. We introduce the challenges and opportunities of research in the field of in-network sensor network query processing as well as illustrate the current status of research and future research scopes in this field.     

Integrated Video and Text for Content-based Access to Video Databases

This paper introduces a new approach to realize video databases. The approach consists of a VideoText data model based on free text annotations associated with logical video segments and a corresponding query language. Traditional database techniques are inadequate for exploiting queries on unstructured data such as video, supporting temporal queries, and ranking query results according to their relevance to the query. In this paper, we propose to use information retrieval techniques to provide such features and to extend the query language to accommodate interval queries that are particularly suited to video data. Algorithms are provided to show how user queries are evaluated. Finally, a generic and modular video database architecture which is based on VideoText data model is described.     

基于网络数据库的分子结构式的动态显示

讨论了在网络数据库环境中动态显示分子结构式的问题。数据库中存储分子的结构信息,在检索时动态生成分子结构式图,图形格式为SVG。SVG是一种矢量图形格式,又是一种基于XML的置标语言。用SVG可以动态创建分子结构式图形,而且文件是文本文件,体积小,易于编辑和信息交换。文中给出了从数据库中提取数据,动态生成分子结构式图形的方法。     

基于自动机的XML流多查询处理

XML流数据处理在研究领域引起广泛关注,该文针对XML流上的多查询处理提出一种算法,把多个查询合并为一个共享前缀的查询树,应用自动机和运行时栈相结合的方法,单遍扫描XML流处理数据流上的多个查询。该算法采用一种分层栈结构保存查询模式匹配候选集,利用XML节点的区间编码来确定节点之间的关系,返回整条匹配路径。     

Storing and querying fuzzy XML data in relational databases

Information imprecision and uncertainty exist in many real-world applications and for this reason fuzzy data management has been extensively investigated in various database management systems. Currently, introducing native support for XML data in relational database management systems (RDBMs) has attracted considerable interest with a view to leveraging the powerful and reliable data management services provided by RDBMs. Although there is a rich literature on XML-to-relational storage, none of the existing solutions satisfactorily addresses the problem of storing fuzzy XML data in RDBMs. In this paper, we study the methodology of storing and querying fuzzy XML data in relational databases. In particular, we present an edge-based approach to shred fuzzy XML data into relational data. The unique feature of our approach is that no schema information is required for our data storage. On this basis, we present a generic approach to translate path expression queries into SQL for processing XML queries.     

基于ActiveX和XML技术的ATS站场图设计与实现

ActiveX控件和XML数据表是整个轨道交通列车监控（ATS）仿真系统的基础。针对ATS仿真系统开发的需求和现状并结合上海地铁5号线ATS仿真系统的实际应用,提出并设计了利用VC2008平台生成ActiveX控件进而生成站场图的方法。重点介绍了基于XML数据表的数据结构的设计与实现。