新型铝合金薄板对接激光焊接头性能

以6156铝合金为主要研究对象,对比了其激光填丝焊与自熔焊各自特点,探讨了焊缝表面成形、焊缝熔宽的影响因素及接头的抗拉强度与疲劳强度变化规律.结果表明,功率在1 800 W左右,焊接速度在2～3.5 mm/min,送丝速度在2～3.5 mm/min范围能获得较好的焊缝表面成形;接头焊后不经热处理抗拉强度可达314.3 MPa,为母材强度的81.3%,且有良好的抗疲劳性能;铝合金激光焊具有焊接速度高、焊缝成形美观、焊接参数范围广的特点,是一种良好的焊接方式.     

超高强度钢激光焊接工艺与接头力学性能

采用Yb:YAG激光焊接系统对热成形超高强度钢搭接和对接两种接头形式下的焊接工艺和接头力学性能进行了研究,并采用激光共焦显微镜观察接头各部分的微观组织.试验结果表明,在激光功率和离焦量保持不变的条件下,焊接速度对两种接头形式下的接头力学性能影响显著.搭接接头抗剪力随焊接速度的增加而减小,且试样均断裂于焊缝搭接面处;对接...     

不锈钢薄板大间隙接头激光-MIG电弧复合高速焊接工艺

采用填充ER316焊丝的光纤激光-MIG电弧复合焊方法,焊接间隙为0.5 mm、厚度为1 mm的SUS444铁素体不锈钢薄板对接接头和搭接接头,研究了获得成形良好的对接接头和搭接接头的工艺参数窗口和极限焊接速度,并对焊缝进行了着色渗透检验和拉伸试验. 结果表明,合理匹配焊接速度和焊接电流,是获得成形良好的大间隙接头的关键;当焊接速度过小或焊接电流过大时,较大的热输入导致焊缝过度熔透,焊缝成形不良;当焊接速度过大或焊接电流过小时,较小的热输入导致焊缝未熔透. 对接接头焊缝成形质量良好且熔透的极限焊接速度可达12 m/min,而搭接接头的极限焊接速度为5 m/min. 成形良好的焊缝均未发现表面裂纹. 拉伸试验表明,对接接头断裂在母材上;搭接接头绝大部分断裂在熔合线附近,极限焊接速度下获得的搭接接头的抗拉强度是母材的84.2%.     

缝隙型焊接试件拘束应力的分析

缝隙型裂纹是一种最接近实际焊接结构受力状态的试件，研究其焊缝拘束应力的计算具有普遍的意义，本文以热弹塑性有限元分析计算作基础，建立了焊根间隙收缩曲线的数学模型，结合Ｓｌｉｔ试件拘束度的分布函数，首次提出了一个描述Ｓｌｉｔ试件拘束度与拘束应力关系的计算公式，计算与试验结果证明它能比较真实地反映实际焊接接头的应力水平，有重要的实用价值。     

Fatigue life analysis of SMA490BW steel welded butt joint for train bogie based on ABAQUS/FE-SAFE

Stress concentration has a significant effect on fatigue properties of welded butt joint of bogie.The influences of joint geometric parameters {weld edge transition arc radius r,weld toe inclination angle θ) on stress concentration coefficient Kt at weld toe and fatigue life N were studied based on the finite element software ABAQUS/FE-SAFE,and the parametric equations were founded based on regression analysis of Origin software.The results show that weld edge transition arc radius r plays the most important role in stress concentration coefficient Kt as well as weld toe inclination angle 0.For the same inclination angle θ,stress concentration coefficient Kt decreases gradually with transition arc radius r increasing.With inclination angle θ increases,the effect of transition arc radius r on stress concentration factor Kt is increasing continuously,also the effect of change in stress concentration coefficient Kt caused by r on fatigue life N is increasing continuously.While in the case of same weld edge transition arc radius r,stress concentration coefficient Kt increases with inclination angle θincreasing.With transition arc radius r increases,the effect of inclination angle θ on stress concentration factor Kt is decreasing constantly,the effect of change in stress concentration coefficient Kt caused by θ on fatigue life N is decreasing constantly.The associated parametric equations have important instructive significance for the improvement of stress concentration degree and fatigue life of welded butt joint for train bogie.     

薄板搭接接头固有变形逆解析方法

文中采用变形测试和数值模拟技术相结合的研究手段对低碳钢薄板搭接接头固有变形的求解方法进行了研究,提出了该接头的固有变形分布简化模型,并利用固有变形逆解析方法推定了3 mm低碳钢薄板的固有变形.使用该方法得到的固有变形值来预测焊接变形能较好的再现试验结果.结果表明,采用文中提出的固有变形分布简化模型能获得高精度的固有变形值,搭接接头固有变形的逆解析算法是正确有效的.     

薄板搭接接头固有变形逆解析方法

文中采用变形测试和数值模拟技术相结合的研究手段对低碳钢薄板搭接接头固有变形的求解方法进行了研究,提出了该接头的固有变形分布简化模型,并利用固有变形逆解析方法推定了3 mm低碳钢薄板的固有变形.使用该方法得到的固有变形值来预测焊接变形能较好的再现试验结果.结果表明,采用文中提出的固有变形分布简化模型能获得高精度的固有变形值,搭接接头固有变形的逆解析算法是正确有效的.     

基于等承载能力原则的低匹配对接接头设计

根据对接接头的应力分布特点,提出了低匹配接头焊缝与母材具有相等静载承载能力的条件,即焊根处应力集中因子与接头匹配比（焊缝金属与母材的屈服强度的比值）相等。通过有限元计算及其结果的回归分析,建立了对接接头几何参数与焊根处应力集中因子经验方程。针对高强钢焊接结构的应用,以焊缝与母材静载等强承载为原则,进行了低匹配对接接头的几何形状设计。结果表明,该几何形状设计不仅可在较大范围内选择匹配比而不必降低应用载荷,而且接头断裂模式由局部屈服断裂向整个接头的全面屈服断裂转变,该接头设计对于高强钢低匹配接头的应用具有重要意义。     

转向架构架标准焊接接头残余应力数值模拟

直接测试是获取焊接结构残余变形和残余应力的主要方法。以南京浦镇车辆有限公司的转向架构架为研究对象,利用有限元分析软件SYSWELD,对构架上面的T型接头和对接接头进行热-弹塑性有限元分析,得出残余应力大小和分布规律,并将模拟结果与实测结果进行对比,发现两者趋势吻合。     

Experimental investigation on tensile strength of butt welded joint post high temperatures

In order to investigate the laws of variation on tensile strength of butt welded joint post high temperatures, the wide plate tension tests for butt welded joint were conducted after cooling down from different high temperatures. The tests indicate that specimens appear ductile fracture at the steel plate during the tension tests after cooling down. The maximum temperatures undergone and the cooling pattern are major factors influencing tensile strength of butt welded joint post high temperatures. The tensile strength mostly reduces by 8% within 900℃. Based on the experimental results, the paper proposes the calculation formulas of tensile strength of butt welded joint post high temperatures. The conclusions of the paper supply references for evaluation damage and feinforcement of steel structure post fire.     

双道焊对搅拌摩擦焊搭接界面及接头性能的影响

用搅拌针长度为3.6 mm的圆柱左螺纹和右螺纹搅拌头对3 mm厚的LY12（CZ）铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊搭接试验,研究了双道焊搭接界面的迁移及接头的性能.结果表明,搅拌头顺时针旋转,采用左螺纹搅拌头时,焊核两侧的搭接界面向上迁移;采用右螺纹搅拌头时,搭接界面向下迁移.单道焊时,由于受拉边总存在迁移界面,导致有效承载板厚...     

Q345 T形焊接接头焊脚尺寸对强度的影响分析

T形焊接接头在工程中应用广泛,焊脚尺寸直接影响着焊接件的质量.为了探索焊脚尺寸对焊接件强度的影响,分别对取样位置不同、尺寸不同的Q345 T形焊接接头试样进行拉伸试验,得到T形焊接接头的力学性能数据并对其分析比较.按照等强度理论,计算出T形焊接接头在不同受力情况下的最优焊脚尺寸,将理论计算值与试验数值对比分析.结果表明,理论值与试测值基本吻合.     

无坡口对接焊缝特征角点检测方法

针对无坡口平板对接焊缝,研究一种应用线结构光传感的角点检测原理实现焊缝特征检测与跟踪的方法.与基于线结构光形变特征检测焊缝位置的传统方法不同,根据激光条纹在焊缝处的灰度变化,运用图像形态学处理方法,提取焊缝中心特征.计算图像每列邻域内灰度值和,运用中心差分方法,提取焊缝图像感兴趣区域.再依据角点检测原理,确定焊缝中心亚像素级坐标位置,通过简单快速的系统标定,得到焊缝实际位置偏差.结果表明,对焊缝间隙为0.2 mm左右的对接焊缝进行跟踪试验,平均误差均保持在0.1 mm以内,满足焊缝跟踪精度要求.     

转向架用 SMA490BW 钢对接接头应力集中系数有限元分析

目的分析转向架用SMA490BW钢对接接头的应力集中系数,提高转向架焊接接头的超高周疲劳性能,保障高速列车的安全可靠运行。方法对转向架用SMA490BW钢对接接头的超高周疲劳试样进行有限元建模,应用有限元软件ABAQUS计算不同焊趾过渡圆弧半径、焊趾倾角下接头的应力集中系数,并通过Origin软件分析建立应力集中系数(Kt)与焊趾过渡圆弧半径(r)、焊趾倾角(θ)的关系。结果当r=0.2 mm,θ分别为10°,20°,30°,40°,50°,60°时,Kt分别为1.391,1.747,1.976,2.263,2.425,2.525;当θ=30°,r分别为0.2,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,4 mm时,Kt分别为1.976,1.763,1.535,1.419,1.345,1.306,1.257,1.201。结论应力集中在对接接头焊趾处较大,r和θ对Kt有显著影响。r相同时,Kt随θ的增大而增大;θ相同时,Kt随r的增大而减小。应力集中系数关系方程对于焊趾处应力集中的改善以及转向架对接接头的超声疲劳试样设计具有指导意义。     

不同方法焊接的Q235钢接头在亚铵介质中耐蚀性分析

针对亚硫酸铵造纸过程中亚硫酸铵介质对碳钢焊接接头腐蚀严重的实际情况,以三电极电化学研究方法和金相组织分析法研究了焊条电弧焊、TIG焊、CO2气体保护焊等方法焊接的碳钢焊接接头在亚硫酸铵介质中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,采用CO2气体保护焊的Q235钢焊接接头在温度为20～80 ℃、亚硫酸铵浓度为5%～11%的介质中极化曲线与母材相似程度最大,两曲线靠得最近,耐蚀性最好;显微组织观察,采用CO2气体保护焊的焊接接头,焊缝组织由大量的珠光体和针状铁素体组成,细小的珠光体散布在铁素体之间.     

Fatigue properties of friction stir welded butt joint and base metal of MB8 magnesium alloy

The fatigue properties of friction stir welded(FSW) butt joint and base metal of MB8 magnesium alloy were investigated.The comparative fatigue tests were carried out using EHF-EM200K2-070-1A fatigue testing machine for both FSW butt joint and base metal specimens.The fatigue fractures were observed and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope of JSM-6063 LA type.The experimental results show that the fatigue performance of the FSW butt joint of MB8 magnesium alloy is sharply decreased.The conditional fatigue limit(2 × 10~6) of base metal and welded butt joint is about77.44 MPa and 49.91 MPa,respectively.The conditional fatigue limit(2 × 10~6) of the welded butt joint is 64.45%of that of base metal.The main reasons are that the welding can lead to stress concentration in the flash area,tensile welding residual stress in the welded joint(The residual stress value was 30.5 MPa),as well as the grain size is not uniform in the heat-affected zone.The cleavage steps or quasi-cleavage patterns present on the fatigue fracture surface,the fracture type of the FSW butt joint belongs to a brittle fracture.     

中间层材料对Ti/Al异种金属搅拌摩擦焊组织性能影响

以3mm厚2A14铝合金和TC4钛合金为试验材料,分别添加0.05mmZn和Ni箔片,研究了不同工艺参数下Zn和Ni对接头微观组织、力学性能的影响。试验结果表明：当添加中间层Zn时,在旋转速度为375r/min、焊接速度为75mm/min时,接头抗拉强度达到最大值237.3MPa,为铝合金母材拉伸强度的56.7%。同样参数下,添加中间层Ni后,能显著减少接头中脆性相TiAl₃,接头抗拉强度最大值提高到285.3MPa,达到铝合金母材抗拉强度的68％,接头断裂方式呈脆性+韧性混合型断裂。     

Assessment of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy welded joint using small punch test

The small punch test technique （SPT） was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of various materials and the basic method to test material tensile mechanics peqeormance from an inverse finite element （ FE） arithmetic with SPT was put forward. The research shows that specific tensile mechanical behavior and strain-stress distribution of each district of weld seam can be accurately determined by small punch test. Therefore, mechanical behavior of the inhomogeneous joint can be predicted by a numerical model. The simulation comes to good agreement with experimental data.