激光熔敷工艺对镍基合金的耐蚀性影响的研究

我国火电厂千瓦汽轮机末级叶片在特定工况下其进气边常常遭到腐蚀．我们对其进行了激光直接重熔和激光熔敷镍基合金处理,经形貌观察,物相分析及阳极极化曲线测定,结果表明,激光处理后其耐蚀性均比处理前提高．其中熔敷镍基Ｇ１１２合金的耐蚀性提高最大．若激光处理参数匹配恰当,三者比较,涂敷的镍基ＷＣ合金更易印化、耐蚀性最好．     

激光熔敷镍基自熔性合金粉末的研制

针对激光熔敷表面处理技术对合金粉末材料性能的要求，分别研究了合金粉末的B含量、Si含量以及B、Si含量配比对激光熔敷的工艺性能、粉末形貌及涂层性能的影响，研制出具有良好的工艺性能和使用性能的激光熔敷用镍基自熔性合金粉末．     

激光熔凝和熔敷在热轧辊强化中的应用

为提高热轧辊寿命对球墨铸铁、白口铸铁热轧辊进行了激光熔凝、熔敷实验研究，并对激光处理效果进行了现场轧制实时寿命评估．研究确认：球墨铸铁、白口铸铁激光熔凝小样的硬度随扫描速度的降低和激光功率的增大而提高．分别按轧钢量、磨损量计算，球墨铸铁、白口铸铁激光熔凝热轧辊寿命分别比原来延长50％和15．6％～23．4％．利用激光熔敷技术在白口铸铁热轧辊上可以成功制备无宏观裂纹、气孔和夹杂存在的镍基合金涂层．现场轧制后表面也无宏观缺陷存在。寿命延长18．7％～37．4％．     

激光熔敷钻基合金高温腐蚀的试验研究

本文对以2Cr13不锈钢为基础，表面经激光熔敷钴基金合金在高温PbSO4盐中的热腐蚀行为和机制，进行了深入的研究探讨。试验结果表明，经激光敷估基金合金，耐高温腐蚀性比原2Cr13钢提高2．5倍以上；耐磨性提高2倍以上。原因是获得细密枝晶＋多元共晶组织，大量Co能促进Cr2O3、CoO.Cr2O3致密保护膜的形成，阻碍S的扩散，因而提高了耐高温腐蚀性能。腐蚀机制是沿晶腐蚀，硫化一氧化循环进行造成剥落型破坏腐蚀。     

激光熔敷Ni基合金组织与物相的研究

用ＳＥＭ，ＥＤＡＸ和ＸＲＤ等方法研究了激光快速熔凝Ｎｉ基合金的组织与物相。结果表明合金中的细枝晶是由γ＇相和与之共存的γ相组成的，枝晶间共晶中第二相应为Ｎｉ３１Ｓｉ１２．     

Nd:YAG激光和CO2激光熔敷性能比较研究

从Maxwell方程和Hagen-Ruben公式出发,计算了Nd：YAG激光(波长为1．06μm)和CO2激光(波长为10．6μm)在金属中的吸收率和穿透深度,并做了Nd：YAG激光与CO2激光的熔敷试验比较．结果表明：Nd：YAG激光在金属中吸收率约为CO2激光的3倍,更适于激光熔敷;CO2激光在金属中穿透力约为Nd：YAG激光的3倍,更适于激光相变淬火．     

FeCrSiB合金的激光熔敷

应用千瓦级 CO_2激光器对 A_3钢上的 Fe 基热喷涂层进行熔敷处理,用金相、x 射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、硬度、磨损、声发射及电化学等方法研究了熔敷层的组织与性能。结果表明:激光熔敷消除了热喷涂层的不致密性缺陷,使涂层与基材实现冶金结合。激光熔层组织显著细化,成分均匀,消除了大块碳化物偏析,呈现尺寸1～2 μm 的胞状晶快冷组织。其相组成为α′-Fe+γ-Fe+M_7C_3+M_(23)C_6+F_2B。激光熔敷产生的多种强化机制使涂层的硬度、耐磨性、脆性、强度及耐腐蚀性有了显著提高,从而在低廉的钢材上获得性能优异的表面。是一种有实用价值的激光熔敷技术。     

送粉激光熔敷耐磨涂层制备工艺与组织结构

采用20%WC作为镍基自熔合金的掺杂增强相，研究了该复合材料在送粉激光熔敷工艺条件下的熔敷层显微组织、显微硬度与熔敷工艺规范间关系，得出了在实验条件下的优化工艺参数：激光功率为2．5kW(光斑离焦量60mm)；扫描速度为2．4mm／s；送粉量为3．0g／min．     

用于激光熔敷的同轴送粉喷嘴的设计

为了克服目前用于激光熔敷的侧向送粉的不足，设计并试制了激光熔敷加工中使用的同轴送粉喷嘴．设计根据熔敷中使用的聚焦光束的特点，以一定假设为基础，从理论上对粉粒与管壁碰撞后的速度及运动轨迹进行了计算．结合计算所得的数据试制了同轴送粉喷嘴，并进行了试样加工，效果良好．     

激光熔覆成形技术的研究进展

为了应用能量守恒对同轴送粉激光熔覆中的熔覆层性能进行精确计算,研究了激光束穿过粉末云时能量的衰减现象和衰减规律. 利用流体软件模拟实际喷嘴喷粉的过程,并利用有限元软件模拟激光束穿过粉末云的能量衰减规律,得到了激光-粉末相互作用区域内粉末云质量浓度随\t\t\t\t\tz轴的分布曲线,以及不同激光功率下和不同粉末云质量浓度下,从喷嘴出口到基材之间粉末云对激光衰减率的变化曲线. 结果表明:激光束穿过粉末云的过程中,未到粉末交汇处时光强衰减较弱,汇聚处能量衰减明显. 对衰减率进行定量研究可以很好地用于熔池温度场的精确计算.\t\t\t\t

     

数控机床高速高精度化的实现方法及发展趋势

随着航空领域及模具业的发展，需要对复杂型面的零件进行高速高精度的加工。这就对加工业提出了更高的要求．为此对实现数控机床高速高精度化的方法进行了归纳，得出智能控制理论和方法必定是全面提升机床运动控制性能。实现数控机床高速、高精度化的根本途径．     

基于VRML高速贴标机的虚拟操作研究

本文阐述了在VRML虚拟现实应用平台上建立高速贴标机虚拟操作系统的方法，提出了利用VRML与Java相结合的办法对VRML人机交互功能进行增强与扩展，从而满足贴标机虚拟操作的功能要求。此外，利用SolidWork与PolyTrans相互结合实现在虚拟环境下贴标机的快速建模，通过仿真实验取得满意的效果。     

高速电机的设计特点及相关技术研究

简要介绍了高速电动机和发电机的结构类型、设计特点、关键技术及研究现状.以高速永磁电机为例，重点阐述了高速转子的电磁与结构设计、转子强度与刚度分析、永磁体的保护方法、定子铁心与绕组的结构设计与电磁性能计算、高频与高速附加损耗计算、温升计算与冷却散热方式.此外还简要介绍了高速磁悬浮轴承的结构原理与控制方法、高速发电机和电动机的功率变换与控制技术，并对高速电机的发展趋向进行了展望.     

Microstructure and abrasion wear behavior of Ni-based laser cladding alloy layer at high temperature

Ni-based alloy coating on 21-4-N heat-resistant steel was prepared using CO2 laser, and the high-temperature abrasion wear was tested. The microstructure of this cladding layer and its abrasion wear behavior at high temperature by changing compositions and temperatures were investigated by means of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Among the three compositions of cladding layer, i.e. Ni21 ＋20% WC＋0. 5 % CeO2, Ni25＋20 % WC＋0. 5 % CeO2 and Ni60 ＋ 20 % WC ＋ 0. 5 % CeO2, the experimental results show that Ni21 ＋ 20 % WC ＋ 0.5?O2 cladding layer is made up of finer grains, and presents the best abrasion wear behavior at high temperature. The wear pattern of laser cladding layer is mainly grain abrasion at lower temperature, and it would be changed to adhesive abrasion and oxide abrasion at higher temperature.     

Pulsed Nd：YAG laser cladding of high silicon content coating on low silicon steel

A pulsed Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser-based technique was employed to clad low silicon steel with preplaced Si and Fe mixed powders for high Si content. The surface morphology, microstructural evolution, phase composition, and Si distribution, within the obtained cladding coatings, were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), with associated energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microhardness was also measured along the depth direction of the specimens. A crack-and pore-free cladding coating through excellent metallurgical bonding with the substrate was successfully prepared on low silicon steel by means of optimized sin-gle-track and multi-track laser cladding. The phases of the coating are α-Fe, γ-Fe, and FeSi. The high microhardness of the la-ser-cladding zone is considered as an increase in Si content and as the refined microstructure produced by the laser treatment. The Si contents of the cladding coatings were about 5.8wt/ in the single-track cladding and 6.5wt/ in the multi-track cladding, respectively.     

Effects of Powder Feeding Rate on Interaction between Laser Beam and Powder Streamin Laser Cladding Process

A theoretical model was presented to calculate the laser intensity distribution and the particle temperatures at different sites of the workpiece in the laser cladding process By using this model, the effects of the powder feeding rate on the laser intensity distribution and the particle temperatures were inrestigated ,the caleuluted results under the condition of different injection angles were also plotted it is shout that with increasing the injection angle,the laser inuensity distributwons are similar but the peak ralue of the laser intensity decreases simdlaneously the peak ralue of the particle tenperature increases and the disribution of the particle temperatures gets central symmetrical gradually.these tests reslts should be considered in model of laser cladding due to their sub the effects on the dynamic processes in laser molten pool.     

Investigation on laser cladding of MoSi2 powder on steel

The feasibility of the fabrication of coatings for elevated-temperature structural applications by laser cladding MoSi2 pow- der on steel was investigated. A dense and crack-free fine coating, well-bonded with the substrate has been obtained by this technique This coating consists of FeMoSi, Fe2Si and a small amount of MosSi3 due to dilution of the substrate in the coating. The microstructure of the coating is characterized of typical fine dendrites, The dendrites are composed of FeMoSi primary phase, and the interdendritic areas are two eutectic phases of FeMoSi and Fe2Si. The hardness of the coating reaches 845 Hv0.5, 3.7 times larger than that of the steel substrate （180 Hv05）.     

河面冰破碎比功的研究

研究冰在冲击载荷作用下发生破碎的状态，提出破碎比功的概念，分别建立了破碎比功与温度和冲击功的线性表达式．研究破碎比功与冲击功和冰温的关系，提出了温度对破碎比功的影响将随冲击功的提高而降低的观点．