轿车车身怠速共振分析

针对某轿车在怠速工况下车身容易产生共振,采用有限元技术和模态试验相结合的方法对该轿车白车身进行模态分析,找出车身振动的根本原因。首先建立白车身有限元模型,重点研究点焊单元的模拟方法,通过模态分析得到该白车身模态参数;然后搭建白车身模型的模态测试系统,采用随机子空间法识别得到白车身模型的模态动态响应参数。通过对比计算模态和试验模态,误差在5.3%内。结果表明,发动机激励频率(23~25 Hz)与车身1阶试验模态频率(25.53 Hz)相近是导致怠速工况下车身振动的主要原因,应增强车身发动机盖和顶板强度,这为车身的动态和结构设计提供了参考依据。     

基于模态识别的参数化白车身轻量化优化设计

利用参数化建模软件SFE-CONCEPT建立了某轿车白车身的参数化模型,为白车身轻量化优化提供形状、厚度设计变量。对参数化白车身模型的静态弯曲、扭转刚度和低阶模态性能进行仿真分析并与试验对比,验证了所建参数化白车身模型的有效性。通过编辑脚本实现白车身模态振型与阶次的自动识别功能,避免了白车身优化过程中的人工介入。将脚本文件嵌入到Isight优化软件中,实现了参数化白车身轻量化全自动优化,从而减少了工作量并提高了白车身优化效率。轻量化优化过程中约束白车身静态弯曲刚度和一阶弯曲、扭转模态频率,寻求白车身质量最低、扭转刚度最大的方案。采用近似模型的方法对白车身进行优化,从而进一步提高白车身轻量化的优化效率。优化后白车身质量降低了33.97 kg,减重率达9.33%,白车身的弯扭刚度和一阶弯曲、扭转模态频率与初始模型基本一致,取得了显著的轻量化优化效果。     

基于模态灵敏度分析的某乘用车白车身结构优化设计

建立了某乘用车白车身模态有限元分析模型,计算了白车身的振动模态。对白车身1阶扭转频率对各板件厚度的灵敏度进行了分析,得到相对抗扭灵敏度较大的板件。以这些板件为设计变量,对白车身结构进行优化设计。优化后车身的1阶扭转频率由25.24 Hz提高为27.007 Hz,避开了发动机激励的共振频率,增强了整车强度。     

某轿车白车身模态有限元分析与试验研究

以某轿车白车身为研究对象,对白车身进行有限元分析,利用白车身模态试验验证白车身有限元结构的正确性。利用有限元位移云图的分布特征,对白车身结构进行优化。实验结果表明:试验车身一阶频率为28.23 Hz,表现为顶棚振动;一阶扭转频率为32.67 Hz,一阶弯曲为45.14 Hz,两个频率错开较远,不会引起耦合共振。通过有限元分析和试验两种方法对比发现,有限元分析和试验频率相差在10%的范围之内。说明建立的有限元模型是正确的。通过有限元分析可以发现,当频率达到25.90 Hz时,顶棚最大变形量为5.427 mm,当频率达到31.45 Hz时,顶盖后部最大变形量为6.512 mm,这会影响到汽车的舒适性、安全性和可靠性,所以要对顶棚和顶盖后部进行优化。     

发动机排气歧管模态分析

振动疲劳能够引起排气歧管的失效,发动机和车身的激励频率与排气歧管的固有频率相近,会产生共振,这种共振会增大排气歧管的振动幅度,导致其加速断裂破坏;模态分析作为研究结构振动特性的常用手段,其分析的核心内容就是确定固有频率、阻尼比及振型等模态参数;本文针对排气歧管进行模态分析的目的是为了获得排气歧管的固有频率,进而能够确定引起疲劳破坏的最大激励频率,避免发动机排气歧管共振情况的发生。     

轿车白车身骨架低阶模态特性研究

轿车白车身骨架的低阶模态特性对整车振动、噪声等各方面的性能有着重要的影响.以某型三箱轿车为例,应用有限元方法,进行了白车身自由模态的仿真计算与分析,通过各个零件的一阶扭转模态频率的灵敏度分析,得到了影响扭转模态频率的关键框架结构,并对白车身上胶结连接形式和前后风窗玻璃对于扭转模态频率的影响进行了对比分析.可为新车型在设计阶段的模态特性设计与分析提供一定的依据.     

某乘用车白车身模态分析

乘用车的关键组成部分是车身,对其进行模态分析,可以帮助人们对车身结构进行观察,并研究车身的整体结构特性。为探讨车身的模态性能指标,以模态分析相关理论为基础,用CATIA进行白车身的结构建模,导入Hyper Mesh建立白车身的有限元模型。通过Nastran求解器对白车身结构模型进行仿真模态分析,得到仿真条件下白车身的固有频率及对应的各阶振型。有限元分析结果显示,白车身的低阶模态频率高,有良好的低频特性,各阶模态频率值间隔较分散,能有效避免模态之间的耦合,可作为车身结构开发的参考。     

某商用车白车身模态分析及试验边界优化

以某商用车白车身为研究对象,对其进行了自由模态仿真分析,并使用LMS Test.lab对白车身进行自由模态试验。通过仿真分析和试验得到了该白车身的模态参数,发现仿真和试验的固有频率相差较大。随后基于自主设计的气囊工装再次对白车身进行模态试验,试验结果与仿真结果偏差较小。说明模态试验边界对结果影响很大,所设计的气囊工装可有效提升模态试验的准确度,也证明了该建模方法的准确性;模型精度可满足工程实际需求,为白车身的结构设计和动态特性优化提供参考。     

基于灵敏度分析的白车身结构轻量化设计

建立了白车身有限元模型,并用模态实验验证了模型的正确性,利用有限元法分析了该模型一阶扭转模态频率灵敏度和车身质量灵敏度,选取相对灵敏度绝对值较大的车身板件作为轻量化设计变量,以白车身质量为优化目标、一阶扭转模态频率为状态变量进行优化,优化后白车身质量降低10.5kg.     

某轿车自车身模态分析

以有限元模态分析和试验模态分析的相关理论为基础,对某轿车白车身的模态进行了研究。首先,在HyperMesh建立了白车身有限元模型,并用梁单元模拟焊点。在Nastran软件中用Lanczos方法对白车身进行了模态分析,得到白车身的固有频率及各阶振型。其次,采用随机信号对白车身进行两点激励,用多点拾振方法采集响应信号,将信号处理后,得到白车身的固有频率及对应的振型。通过对比有限元模态分析结果和试验结果,验证了所建有限元模型的有效性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.