快速退火气氛对300mm CZ硅片吸杂效应和表面微观结构的影响

研究了N2和N2/NH3混合气两种不同气氛快速退火处理硅片对洁净区和氧沉淀分布的影响.研究发现:N2/NH3混合气氛处理的硅片在后序热处理中表层形成很薄的洁净区同时体内形成高密度的氧沉淀;而N2气氛处理的硅片的沽净区较厚、氧沉淀密度较低.但是两种气氛下延长恒温时间都可以降低洁净区厚度,增加氧沉淀密度.X射线光电子能谱和原子力显微镜扫描的结果显示N2/NH3混合气氛处理使表面出现了强烈的氮化反应,利用氮化反应町以解释快速退火气氛对洁净区分布的影响.     

快速退火气氛对300mm硅片内洁净区和氧沉淀形成的影响

300mm硅片中厚度合适的洁净区和高密度氧沉淀,有利于对器件有源区金属沾污的吸除,改善栅氧化物的完整性.文中使用Ar,N2/NHa混合气作为快速退火(RTA)气氛,研究RTA气氛对洁净区、氧沉淀形成的影响.研究发现N2/NHs混合气氛处理的硅片表层洁净区明显薄于Ar气氛处理的硅片,氧沉淀密度明显高于Ar气氛处理后的硅片.同时发现在两种气氛下,延长恒温时间都可以降低洁净区厚度,增加氧沉淀密度.基于空位增强氧沉淀成核和氮化空位注入的基本原理,就RTA气氛和恒温时间对洁净区和氧沉淀分布的影响进行了讨论.     

快速退火气氛对300mm硅片内洁净区和氧沉淀形成的影响

300mm硅片中厚度合适的洁净区和高密度氧沉淀,有利于对器件有源区金属沾污的吸除,改善栅氧化物的完整性.文中使用Ar,N2/NHa混合气作为快速退火(RTA)气氛,研究RTA气氛对洁净区、氧沉淀形成的影响.研究发现N2/NHs混合气氛处理的硅片表层洁净区明显薄于Ar气氛处理的硅片,氧沉淀密度明显高于Ar气氛处理后的硅片.同时发现在两种气氛下,延长恒温时间都可以降低洁净区厚度,增加氧沉淀密度.基于空位增强氧沉淀成核和氮化空位注入的基本原理,就RTA气氛和恒温时间对洁净区和氧沉淀分布的影响进行了讨论.     

快速退火气氛对硅片洁净区和表面形貌的影响

使用N2和N2/NH3混合气氛作为快速热退火(RTA)气氛,研究了RTA气氛对洁净区、氧沉淀和硅片表面形貌的影响.在N2/NH3混合气氛下,RTA处理后,硅片表面出现小坑,同时,微粗糙度增加,后续热处理工艺中会出现薄的洁净区(～10μm)和高密度的氧沉淀.经过N2气氛RTA处理的硅片,表面微粗糙度变化不大,后续热处理中获得较厚的洁净区(≥40μm)和较低的氧沉淀密度.     

快速预热处理对大直径CZ-Si中FPDs及清洁区的影响

研究了不同气氛下快速预热处理(RTA)后,硅片中的流动图形缺陷(FPDs)密度和随后两步热处理形成的魔幻清洁区(MDZ)之间的关系.硅片经过高温快速预热处理后,再经过800℃(4h) 1000℃(16h)常规退火,以形成MDZ.研究发现,当硅片在Ar气氛或N2/O2(9%)混合气氛下RTA预处理后,FPDs密度较低,随后热处理出现的氧沉淀诱生缺陷密度较高、清洁区较宽.对于N2/O2混和气氛,随着O2含量的增加,FPDs和氧沉淀诱生缺陷密度变小,纯O2气氛下预处理后硅片中FPDs和氧沉淀诱生缺陷密度最低.因此,可以通过调节N2/O2混合气氛中两种气氛的比例来控制空洞型微缺陷和硅片体内氧沉淀诱生缺陷的密度.     

快速预热处理对大直径CZ-Si中FPDs及清洁区的影响

研究了不同气氛下快速预热处理(RTA)后,硅片中的流动图形缺陷(FPDs)密度和随后两步热处理形成的魔幻清洁区(MDZ)之间的关系.硅片经过高温快速预热处理后,再经过800℃(4h)+1000℃(16h)常规退火,以形成MDZ.研究发现,当硅片在Ar气氛或N2/O2(9%)混合气氛下RTA预处理后,FPDs密度较低,随后热处理出现的氧沉淀诱生缺陷密度较高、清洁区较宽.对于N2/O2混和气氛,随着O2含量的增加,FPDs和氧沉淀诱生缺陷密度变小,纯O2气氛下预处理后硅片中FPDs和氧沉淀诱生缺陷密度最低.因此,可以通过调节N2/O2混合气氛中两种气氛的比例来控制空洞型微缺陷和硅片体内氧沉淀诱生缺陷的密度.     

氮对直拉硅片中氧沉淀分布的影响

研究了氮在退火过程中对直拉硅片中的氧沉淀分布的影响.实验结果表明,三步退火后在掺氮硅片截面形成特殊的M形的氧沉淀密度分布,即表面形成没有氧沉淀的洁净区(DZ),体内靠近DZ区域形成高密度、小尺寸的氧沉淀,而在硅片的中心处形成低密度、大尺寸的氧沉淀.分析认为,由于在第一步高温退火过程中氮在硅片表面外扩散,同时在硅片体内促进氧沉淀,改变了间隙氧的分布,从而导致在随后的热处理过程中氧沉淀的特殊分布行为.     

氮对直拉硅片中氧沉淀分布的影响

研究了氮在退火过程中对直拉硅片中的氧沉淀分布的影响.实验结果表明,三步退火后在掺氮硅片截面形成特殊的M形的氧沉淀密度分布,即表面形成没有氧沉淀的洁净区(DZ) ,体内靠近DZ区域形成高密度、小尺寸的氧沉淀,而在硅片的中心处形成低密度、大尺寸的氧沉淀.分析认为,由于在第一步高温退火过程中氮在硅片表面外扩散,同时在硅片体内促进氧沉淀,改变了间隙氧的分布,从而导致在随后的热处理过程中氧沉淀的特殊分布行为     

热处理气氛对直拉硅单晶中体缺陷的影响

研究了五种不同的热处理气氛对直拉硅中氧沉淀及其诱生缺陷的影响.实验结果表明,经过低-高退火处理的硅片继续在五种不同的气氛中高温退火,氧沉淀会部分溶解,其溶解量与热处理气氛没有明显的关系,但不同气氛中处理的硅片中体缺陷(BMDs)的分布不同.并对此现象的机理进行了讨论,认为热处理气氛影响了硅片中点缺陷的分布从而影响到BMDs的分布.此研究对集成电路生产中内吸杂工艺的保护气氛的选择有指导意义.     

热处理气氛对直拉硅单晶中体缺陷的影响

研究了五种不同的热处理气氛对直拉硅中氧沉淀及其诱生缺陷的影响.实验结果表明,经过低-高退火处理的硅片继续在五种不同的气氛中高温退火,氧沉淀会部分溶解,其溶解量与热处理气氛没有明显的关系,但不同气氛中处理的硅片中体缺陷(BMDs)的分布不同.并对此现象的机理进行了讨论,认为热处理气氛影响了硅片中点缺陷的分布从而影响到BMDs的分布.此研究对集成电路生产中内吸杂工艺的保护气氛的选择有指导意义.     

A Process for Inline Minority Carrier Lifetime Monitoring for the Furnace Performing Denuded Zone Formation

The fluctuation in the minority carrier lifetime (MCLT) measurement is observed when monitoring the metal contamination for the furnace performing denuded zone formation, and the mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is examined in this paper. Among various possible causes, the oxygen precipitates are found to be the main contributor for this MCLT fluctuation because the amount of oxygen precipitates after denuded zone formation is strongly related to the initial oxygen concentration in the wafer and this makes the MCLT value liable to be affected even for tiny initial oxygen difference. A gate oxide recipe is suggested to be adopted for MCLT monitoring in furnace performing denuded zone formation to circumvent the problem. For the gate oxide recipe, not only is the monitoring result stable but it is feasible to produce MCLT test wafers with real products without sacrificing tool productivity.      

铜镍共沉淀对直拉硅单晶中洁净区形成的影响

The influence of co-precipitation of copper and nickel on the formation of a denuded zone(DZ) in Czochralski silicon(Cz Si) was systematically investigated by means of etching and optical microscopy(OM).It was found that,for conventional high-low-high annealing(CFA),the DZ could be obtained in all specimens contaminated by copper and nickel co-impurity at different steps of the heat treatment,indicating that no copper precipitates or nickel precipitates were generated in the region just below the surface.However,for rapid thermal annealing(RTA)-low-high annealing,the tendency is not the same; the DZ could not be found in the specimen which was contaminated by copper and nickel contamination before the first RTA annealing.On the basis of the experimental results,it was supposed that the concentration and distribution of the vacancies generating during the RTA can influence the distribution of copper precipitation and nickel precipitation along the cross-section of Cz Si significantly,and thus influence the formation of the DZ to a great extent.     

单晶硅中过渡族金属镍对洁净区形成的影响

研究了过渡族金属镍在快速热处理作用下对直拉单晶硅中洁净区形成的影响.实验结果发现:硅中魔幻洁净区(MDZ)形成后,氧沉淀及其诱生缺陷能有效地吸杂金属镍;而沾污金属镍的硅中,随后的快速热处理工艺不能形成MDZ,硅片近表面出现大量沉淀.采用传统的内吸杂工艺,镍沾污的次序对洁净区的形成没有影响.实验表明由于硅片表面形成的镍硅化合物的晶格常数比硅小,所以在硅片近表面产生高浓度的空位,导致近表面的氧依然能够在MDZ工艺中形成沉淀.     

Effect of Nickel Contamination on Formation of Denuded Zone in Czochralski Silicon

研究了过渡族金属镍在快速热处理作用下对直拉单晶硅中洁净区形成的影响.实验结果发现:硅中魔幻洁净区(MDZ)形成后,氧沉淀及其诱生缺陷能有效地吸杂金属镍;而沾污金属镍的硅中,随后的快速热处理工艺不能形成MDZ,硅片近表面出现大量沉淀.采用传统的内吸杂工艺,镍沾污的次序对洁净区的形成没有影响.实验表明由于硅片表面形成的镍硅化合物的晶格常数比硅小,所以在硅片近表面产生高浓度的空位,导致近表面的氧依然能够在MDZ工艺中形成沉淀.     

大直径直拉硅片的快速热处理

主要研究了快速热处理( RTP)对大直径直拉( CZ)硅片的清洁区( DZ)和氧沉淀的影响.通过在Ar、N2 、O2 三种不同气氛中,在不同温度下RTP发现在大直径CZ硅片中氧沉淀的行为及DZ的宽度与RTP的温度、气氛有很大关系.在实验的基础上,讨论了在大直径CZ硅中RTP对氧沉淀和DZ的影响机理.     

New oxygen donors formed at 700 °C in silicon

Donor formation at 700 °C was studied by infrared absorption, etching, transmission electron microscope, resistivity, and spreading resistance measurements in Czochralski grown silicon. The donor concentration is related to the oxygen-precipitate density, oxygen reduction, and carbon reduction by annealing at 700 °C. The donor distribution corresponds to the distribution of oxygen precipitates observed after annealing. The proposed donor is an oxygen precipitate nucleated at a carbon site. The oxygen-related donor formation not only occurs in the bulk of samples but also in the denuded zone. Donor-related microdefects do not seriously influence the threshold voltage in metal-oxide-silicon field-effects-transistors, but are expected to decrease carrier lifetime at the surface of the denuded zone.     

Oxide precipitates in annealed nitrogen-doped 300 mm CZ-SI

The lateral distribution of oxide precipitates as well as the denuded zone were investigated in a set of 300 mm CZ silicon wafers containing different amounts of nitrogen. Two light scattering methods, infrared light scattering tomography (IR-LST) as well as scanning infrared microscopy (SIRM) were used to characterize the precipitation density and the spatial distribution. The obtained results show that under certain heat treatments a high density of oxide precipitates, more than 1×10⁹ cm⁻³, can be achieved in the depth of 300 mm wafers. With increasing nitrogen content the radial distribution of precipitates becomes more uniform. A 10–60 μm wide precipitation-free denuded zone was observed. A comparison between IR-LST and SIRM results was performed indicating the dominance of relatively small precipitates.     

Rapid thermal anneal of gate oxides for low thermal budget TFT's

The performance and reliability of deposited gate oxides for thin film transistors (TFT's) has been studied as a function of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) conditions. The effect of temperature ranging from 700 to 950°C and the annealing ambients including oxygen (O₂), argon (Ar), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) is investigated. Improvement in charge to breakdown (Q_bd) is seen starting from 700°C, with marked increase at 900°C temperature and above. The N₂O and Ar ambients result in higher Q_bd compared to O₂ ambient and we attribute this to reduced interfacial stress. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to qualitatively measure the stress. The bias temperature instability is decreased by RTA. The TFT characteristics are significantly improved with RTA gate oxide. The RTA-Ar anneal at 950°C results in the lowest trap density in TFT's as measured from charge pumping technique