Finding research trend of convergence technology based on Korean R&D network

Traditionally, collaboration network or citation network is used to answer the old question how scientists or engineers interact with each other. This paper introduces a R&D network to make up the missing aspect of the traditional approaches about using multi-sources and to find out the trend of convergence technology R&D in Korea. We collect data about human resources and national R&D projects from Korean national R&D databases, and then construct a weighted network between experts by using meta-data mapping and the network folding technique. And we apply Newman’s grouping algorithm that is generalized to a weighted network for detecting the community structure of the network. Gathering data from multi-sources is useful to reveal the structure of network rather than to use only one database. Lastly, we perform a network analysis to examine important experts. The result shows significant information about research trend and core experts in Korea. We expect this study will be helpful in three ways: (1) how to make a network from heterogeneous multi-sources, (2) how to figure out the current situation of convergence technology R&D, (3) how to discover who are important people in Korean convergence technology R&D network. And this paper is just a cornerstone of the work to investigate the current situation of national R&D projects in Korea.     

Adoption of the Internet for knowledge acquisition in R&D processes

This research investigated Internet-based knowledge search patterns of engineers and scientists working in R&D for companies in the pharmacological and information technology sectors in Israel. Building on earlier work that considers the multidimensional nature of the relative advantage construct, we examine how perceptions of learning, informational convenience, and trust affected intentions to use the Internet to acquire new knowledge. In particular, these perceptions were studied with regard to both active and passive modes of interaction. We also considered here which types of technological knowledge are acquired by researchers, and how that differs across two professional communities of practice – scientists and engineers. This study sheds light on how R&D workers perceive the relative advantage of acquiring necessary knowledge through passive and active modes of communication with other researchers that are facilitated by the Internet. Findings are of interest to the literature on knowledge spillover because the capability of an organisation to acquire, disseminate, and exploit knowledge is crucial to R&D efforts.     

Valuation of R&;D Sequential Exchange Options Using Monte Carlo Approach

This article describes a methodology for evaluating R&D investment projects using Monte Carlo method. R&D projects generally involve multiple phases with or without overlapping. R&D investments are made often in a phased manner, with the commencement of subsequent phase being dependent on the successful completion of the preceding phase. This is known as sequential investment. Moreover, each stage creates an opportunity (option) for subsequent investment. Therefore, R&D projects can be considered as ‘Compound Options’ in which investments present uncertainty both in the gross project value and in their costs. It is possible to use exchange options to value the R&D investment opportunities. In this paper, we propose to evaluate the European and American Real Compound exchange options through Monte Carlo simulations. We also provide a set of numerical experiments to provide evidence for the accuracy of the proposed methodology.      

Developing an research and development (R&D) process improvement system to simulate the performance of R&D activities

Because of a shorter R&D cycle time and the increasing complexity of technology development, efficient decision support systems for R&D activities are necessary to facilitate R&D processes. In particular, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) require efficiency of R&D projects due to a lack of R&D budgets and resources. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a system which can assess current levels of R&D processes of companies and improve problematic processes. To this end, the proposed system applies a standard R&D process to evaluate the R&D level of companies, including four types of database and three modules: performance level analysis, comparison analysis, and performance simulation analysis. First, the module of performance level analysis aims to draw strong and weak R&D processes of companies, using three factors: importance, performance goal and current performance on each process. The second module provides the function of comparison analysis that compares the performance level of a company with that of others. Finally, the performance simulation analysis investigates influences of critical processes on R&D outcomes and predicts how much the processes can enhance technical, economic and process outcomes. In particular, a case study is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed system to an IT company. This system can help managers enhance their R&D performance by presenting necessary improvements on critical processes.     

A semantic-based platform for R&D project funding management

Innovation is one of the keys to success in the business world, particularly within the current economic climate. R&D projects constitute the building blocks of the innovation process, hence the importance of searching for funding for these projects. As ontologies and semantic technologies mature, they provide a consistent and reliable means to represent and aggregate knowledge from different sources. The present work explores the use of ontologies to model R&D grant funding calls and the application of semantic technologies to the development of an enhanced funding management system. Our experiments confirm the success of the proposed approach, and reveal that it may bring considerable benefits to R&D funding.     

异构应用资源共享系统的研究与设计

随着应用资源的日益增长和应用需求的不断变化，个人计算环境需要集成不同平台的异构应用资源。该文基于虚拟计算技术，提出一种异构应用资源融合和共享机制。通过对应用资源的挖掘、发布及注册，实现跨平台的异构应用资源融合和个人计算环境的动态重构。研究成果在科技部科技基础条件平台建设计划中得到了较好的应用。     

The role of R&D and corporate governance in Korea: IT firms versus non-IT firms

Recent economic development in Korea was mostly driven by companies in the IT sector. Also, it is widely argued that R&D investment has a positive impact on firm value, especially for IT firms. In this paper, we analyze how R&D investment has contributed to the growth of Korea’s economy by examining the effect of R&D investment on firms’ market value, measured as Tobin’s Q, and investigate whether this effect is different between firms in the IT sector and firms in the non-IT sector. We also account for the effect of another major change experienced by Korean firms: changes in corporate governance structure. We find that for firms in the IT industry, higher R&D investment coupled with high foreign ownership results in higher firm valuation.     

A value-created system of science (technology) park by using DEMATEL

Under the impact of globalization effects, enterprises tackle the rapid change of market circumstances and find suitable places for production, R&D and marketing, which contribute to the creation of clusters of various industries. In this study, we differentiate the decisive factors effecting enterprises in choosing the right places for production, R&D and marketing. We also provide proposed development strategies and operation models for the authorities of science (technology) park to advance the parks’ value. This study compares various industrial clusters using the DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) technique to establish industrial structures. To do this, four aspects are considered: human resources, technology resources, invest environments and market development. These aspects encompass 28 evaluation criteria to determine the establishment attributes of clusters. Two well-known industrial cluster parks, the Neihu technology park and the Hsinchu science park as example, both in Northern Taiwan, are our case studies for this project. The Neihu technology park is the industrial cluster of R&D and marketing. The Hsinchu science park is the industrial cluster of production and manufacture. The DEMATEL technique is used to determine the relationship between the evaluation criteria and establish their value structures. The key performance criteria could be sieved out and shall be further improved. The conclusions shall propose development strategies and operation models for vendors or the authorities of science (technology) parks to advance the parks’ value.     

风险管理模式下的数据保护影响评估制度

伴随大数据时代个人信息保护领域风险管理理论的广泛应用,数据保护影响评估已经成为推动个人数据保护的重要制度。运用文献研究、实证分析的方法,以2016年欧盟《一般数据保护条例》（GDPR）对数据保护影响评估的规定为样本,深入分析数据保护影响评估的理论背景、兴起与演变、含义、适用范围等内容,以期搭建规范、明确的影响评估制度,加强个人信息保护。数据保护影响评估内容不限于隐私风险评估,还包括数据安全、数据质量、非歧视等内容;对于容易带来高风险的数据处理行为,应设定数据保护影响评估为强制性义务;评估过程应听取利益相关者的意见,反映其利益需求;加强外部监督并适度公开评估报告。     

基于R&D溢出的集中研发联盟合作行为

研究了在联盟合作R&D中R&D溢出、R&D溢出的抑制能力以及创新能力对联盟成员的R&D投资策略的影响, 确定了联盟获得最大期望投入的最优分配方式. 研究表明: 1) R&D溢出和创新能力对联盟成员增加R&D投入有正效应; 企业抑制R&D溢出的力量对R&D投入有负效应, 但影响力很弱. 2) 对于创新能力强的联盟, 平均分配为最优分配方式; 对于创新能力弱的联盟, 市场规模低时选择按投入比例分配方式, 市场规模高时选择平均分配方式.     

Application of factor analysis for service R&D classification: A case study on the Korean ICT industry

This paper introduces an application of factor analysis for classifying and illuminating the nature of distinct dimensions of service research and development (R&D) which are difficult to examine due to the unique characteristics of services. The application is based upon the concept that firms would benefit from clarifying R&D and R&D-like activities to assist their R&D decision. Using principal component analysis (PCA) of factor analysis, a number of possibly correlated R&D activities is transformed into a smaller number of uncorrelated activities called principal components, and firms can identify the patterns of service R&D, express their similarities and differences, and develop its R&D portfolio. A case example for service R&D in the Korean ICT industry is provided.     

Regional Specialisation for Technological Innovation in R&D Laboratories: A Strategic Perspective

The present paper attempts to highlight the strategy of regional specialisation for technological innovation in R&D laboratories. The paper makes a proposition that regional specialisation should be recognised as a strategic initiative for technology development in R&D laboratories. The rationale for this strategic initiative has been substantiated with the help of illustrations from the cases of technology development efforts taken up in different laboratories in the country under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India. In this direction, CSIR and other centres of excellence have played a pioneering role in the development of various industrial clusters and artisan concentrations in different parts of the country. The implications of adoption or otherwise of this strategy initiative for technological innovation in R&D laboratories have been discussed.     

The impact of connecting with Professional Virtual Forum,team member and external person on R&D employee creativity

Accessing external knowledge is an important part of work for Research and Development (R&D) employees to get high creative performance. Currently, Professional Virtual Forum (PVF) in internet is becoming an important virtual knowledge source for R&D employees. However, up to now the impact of R&D employees’ connect with PVF on their creativity still waits to be explored. Furthermore, the interactive effects of connect with PVF and person-to-person knowledge sources on creativity are not clear. This paper empirically studied the 163 R&D employees came from 16 companies in China, and the results turned out that the R&D employees’ frequency of connect with PVF and intra-team, as well as with external person all significantly improved their creativity. Frequency of connect with PVF moderated the relationship between centrality of intra-team knowledge network and employee creativity, in such that when the frequency of connect with PVF was higher, the positive influence of centrality of intra-team knowledge network on employee creativity was also higher. Suggestions for future study on PVF and creativity are discussed.     

Dynamic R&D with strategic behavior

We consider a two-player infinite-horizon discrete-time game where the players invest in R&D in order to develop a new technology to reduce production costs. We compute firms’ equilibrium R&D investment strategy as a function of the level of knowledge in the economy. The latter changes endogenously with firms’ decisions to invest in R&D. We show that firms do not invest in R&D if the knowledge level is too low, while both firms do R&D when the level of knowledge is high. However, there is an intermediate knowledge region where there are two pure Nash equilibria: either no firm does R&D or both firms do R&D. Multiplicity of equilibria leads generally to a challenging selection problem. In our context, it is shown that the case of both firms investing in R&D can be Pareto-dominating for both players. It follows that government actions which allow an economy to increase the level of knowledge above a threshold may be welfare enhancing.     

Japanese activities of micromachine and its future prospects

 Every corner of advanced R&D seems to head toward micronization. Micronization research in mechanics started recently but an intensive and comprehensive approach has been taken since 1992 when both the government R&D project and Micromachine Center were initiated. Micromachine is a new technological paradigm and has the same potential benefit as today’s macromachine. Micromachine will take considerable time span to be completed for full-fledge application. Until then, a wide range of approaches, i.e. R&D, dissemination, international exchange are indispensable. Received: 22 October 1996 / Accepted: 28 October 1996     

Innovation systems in Malaysia: a perspective of university—industry R&D collaboration

Collaborative research and development (R&D) activities between public universities and industry are of importance for the sustainable development of the innovation ecosystem. However, policymakers especially in developing countries show little knowledge on the issues. In this paper, we analyse the level of university–industry collaboration in Malaysia. We further examine the fundamental conditions that hinder university–industry collaboration despite the government’s initiatives to improve such linkages. We show that the low collaboration  is a result of an R&D gap between the entities. While the universities engage in basic and fundamental R&D, the private sectors involved in incremental innovation that requires less R&D investments. The different nature of the industries’ R&D requires closer cooperation between firms namely buyers, suppliers and technical service providers and not the universities. Among others, the lack of an intermediary role, absorptive capacity and collaborative initiative by the industry also contribute to the problem. The study suggests that the collaborative activities can benefit both if deliberate and effective efforts on reducing the R&D mismatch are made between the universities and industry. Likewise, proper institutional arrangements in coordinating these activities are required. This result seems to reflect the nature of many developing countries’ national innovation systems, and therefore, lessons from Malaysia may serve as a good case study.     

An intelligent adaptive system for the optimal variable selections of R&D and quality supply chains

The cost of research & development (R&D) and quality management are always regarded as two major parts of total cost. The variable performance of R&D and quality design is an important index that will reflect the effectiveness of the cost reduction. This research has attempted to simultaneously vary all of the variables to achieve the global optimum for the optimal variable selections of R&D and quality design. Genetic algorithm (GA) can treat all of the variables for the global search. In this study, fuzzy refinement with orthogonal arrays was effective in improving the performance of the GA, and also showed the benefits of a good chromosome structure on the behavior of GA. It is also proposed the postponement design with temporal concept, to select the effective variables for the cost reduction of R&D and quality management design. The experimental results showed that tempo-postponement design will increase the flexibility and quick response for supply chain management. Hence, this approach can act as a useful guideline for researchers working on the optimization of the key variable selections for R&D and quality model design.     

How Should the Chinese Government Invest R&D Funds: Enterprises or Institutions?

With the rapid increase of the government R&D investment in China, the efficient optimization of the R&D investment areas of the Chinese government significantly influences regional innovation productivity and economic growth in the long run. By expanding the R&D-based growth model and using empirical analysis, this paper discusses the optimal combination for the government to coordinate its R&D expenditure as productive public investment in various sectors, under the condition of promoting long-term economic growth, is discussed by considering the aspects of capability for independent innovation, the development capability for basic knowledge, and the absorption capability for the technique. Results are as follows. (1) The level of production efficiency of enterprises, such as the capability for independent innovation, the development capability for basic knowledge, and absorption capability, influences the inclination of the government to invest in enterprises and institutions. When an enterprise has a high production efficiency level, technological level A, and knowledge storage B, increased investment from institutions to the enterprise can significantly promote regional economy growth. Otherwise, the government should increase R&D investment in institutions. (2) The government R&D investment in institutions can indirectly promote economic growth through the promotion of human capital and the understanding and absorption capacity of external knowledge, independent innovation capability, and basic knowledge development capability of enterprises. This paper may help the government to create appropriate policies with higher efficiency in R&D investment, and promote technical progress and economic growth in China.     

Knowledge kanban system for virtual research and development

Virtual research and development (R&D) is inevitable to reduce the product life cycle. Enterprises tend to rely on their foreign partners for supporting technology and knowledge acquisition to conduct and improve firms’ product development with low R&D risk. R&D is a highly creative and knowledge-intensive activity, Therefore, efficient knowledge flow, which transmits the right knowledge to the right people at the right time, is key to improving efficiency of the R&D process.     

Structural effects of R&D collaboration network on knowledge diffusion performance

With the advent of knowledge-based economy, the process and structure of knowledge diffusion mechanism in R&D collaboration networks have become more complex and dynamic. However, regardless of the complexity and importance of these R&D collaboration networks, previous empirical analyses have focused mainly on statics, which cannot be a sufficient basis to thoroughly explore knowledge diffusion in the R&D collaboration network. Furthermore, there has been little research done on the relationship between knowledge diffusion and the structure of an R&D collaboration network. Hence, this paper modeled knowledge diffusion based on social network analysis. It also investigated the impact of network structure on the performance of knowledge diffusion, focusing on average knowledge stock and knowledge variance. The results confirm that the small-world network is the most efficient and equitable structure toward effective knowledge diffusion.