理化因子对嗜盐隐杆藻细胞生长及胞外多糖产量的影响

比较不同ＮａＣｌ、Ｃａ２＋、ＰＯ３－４等离子浓度对嗜盐隐杆藻（Ａｐｈａｎｏｔｈｅｃｅｈａｌｏｐｈｙｔｉｃａ）细胞生长及胞外多糖（Ｅｘｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃ－ｃｈａｒｉｄｅＥＰＳ）产量的影响。在各影响因子不同浓度的培养条件下,０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ、１．０ｇ／Ｌ的Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．１ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４分别是其最佳生长浓度。ＥＰＳ的产量在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ、,０．５ｇ／ＬＣａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．５ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４培养条件下最高。在较低的Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、ＰＯ３－４浓度下可提高ＥＰＳ产率。     

液膜分离富集汞与测量痕量汞

有Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ,ＴＯＡ,兰１３Ａ和煤油乳状液膜体系,研究了Ｈｇ＾２＋的迁移富行为,适宜条件下,Ｈｇ＾２＋,的迁移率达９９．７％以上,在此条件下,许多共存离子如Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｐｂ＾２＋,Ｚｎ＾２＋,Ｓｎ＾４＋,Ｃｏ＾２＋,Ｎｉ＾２＋,Ｃｄ＾２＋,∑ＲＥ＾３＋,Ｃａ＾２＋,Ｍｇ＾２＋,Ａｌ＾３＋,Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｍｎ＾２＋等都不被迁移,只有Ｈｇ＾２＋能与这些离子得到很好的分离。已成功地应用于测定水和工业废水     

金—钼酸盐—丁基罗丹明B体系显色反应研究

研究了在高氯酸和聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下，金与钼酸盐和丁基罗丹明Ｂ（ＢＲＢ）的显色反应。其适宜条件ＣＨＣｌＯ４＝１．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＣＭｏＯ２－４＝９．１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＣＢＲＢ＝３．８×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ及０．０８％ＰＶＡ。金钼杂多酸—丁基罗丹明Ｂ离子缔合物的最大吸收位于５７０ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为３．３６×１０６Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，金量在０～４０μｇ／Ｌ范围内服从比尔定律，测定极限（Ｓ／Ｎ＝３）０．９０μｇ／Ｌ（ｎ＝１０），对于２８μｇＡｕ（Ⅲ）／Ｌ测定的相对标准偏差２．１％（ｎ＝７）。缔合物至少可稳定５ｈ，摩尔比Ａｕ∶ＢＲＢ＝１∶３。考察了４４种共存离子的影响，大多数常见离子不干扰，用活性炭分离富集金，对砂矿和炭粉中金的测定，结果满意。     

聚乙烯醇存在下耐尔蓝－铈钼、钪钼杂多酸体系连续光度测定铈和钪

在聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下，耐尔蓝（ＮＢ）与铈钼、钪钼杂多酸络阴离子形成离子缔合物，其最大吸收均位于５８５ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光度分别为εｃｗ＝３．５２×１０６和εＳｃ＝３．５９×１０＿５Ｌ·ｍｏｌˉ１·ｃｍˉ１，铈和钪服从比耳定律的浓度范围分别为０～０．８μｇ／２５ｍｌ和０～２．０μｇ／２５ｍｌ，测定极限分别为１．３ｎｇＣｅ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝１０）和３．０ｎｇＳｃ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝７），对于０．０２μｇＣｅ／ｍｌ或０．０４μｇＳｃ／ｍｌ测定的相对标准偏差分别为２．７％（ｎ＝９）和２．８％（ｎ＝１０），离子缔合物的摩尔比分别为Ｃｅ：Ｍｏ：ＮＢ＝１：６：４和Ｓｃ：Ｍｏ：ＮＢ＝１：１２：３。本法用于地质标样分析，结果满意。     

液膜分离富集、测定痕量汞

用Ｐ３５０、Ｌ１１３Ａ、二甲苯等乳状液膜体系,研究了Ｈｇ＾２＋的迁移富集行为。实验结果表明,在适宜条件下,Ｈｇ＾２＋的迁移率达９９．７％以上。在此条件下,许多共存离子如Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｓｎ＾４＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋和许多阴离子等都不被迁移,只有Ｈｇ＾２＋能从这些离子中得到满意的分离。此法用于富集测定水和工业废水中痕     

MgCl_2对黑曲霉柠檬酸发酵影响

黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓ．ｎｉｇｅｒ）柠檬酸发酵培养基中添加０．０８～０．１５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭｇＣｌ２,对菌体浓度没显著性影响,但可使柠檬酸产率提高４％～７％,发酵旺盛期（３０ｈ）断氧３０ｍｉｎ的实验结果与正常发酵结果对照表明：添加０．１ｍｇ／ＬＭｇＣｌ２的摇瓶产酸率下降１６．２％;空白对照摇瓶产酸率则下降５６．８％,通过对柠檬酸合成酶［ＥＣ４．１．３．７］酶活测定及活体染色计数,我们认为,断氧条件下,０．１ｍｇ／ＬＭｇＣｌ２使黑曲霉存活率升高是造成上述差异的主要原因。     

离子色谱法测定洗涤剂中乙二胺四乙酸、磷酸盐

以ＡＳ４Ａ－ＳＣ为色谱柱,２．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ碳酸钠为淋洗液,流速为２．００ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ,检测器量程为３０μｓ,进样体积为５０μＬ,对洗涤剂中乙二胺四乙酸（ＥＤＴＡ）、磷酸盐（ＰＯ３－４）及氯离子（Ｃｌ－）、硝酸根（ＮＯ－３）、硫酸根（ＳＯ２－４）同时测定,它们的线性关系比较好,相关系数大于０．９９６５,９次平行测定的相对标准偏差为０．５１％～２．９５％,对ＥＤＴＡ和ＰＯ３－４的测定回收率分别为１０６．５％和９８．５％。     

影响（Ba_（0．65）Pb_（0．35））TiO_3系PTC陶瓷电阻率的因素

在合成的（Ｂａ０．６５Ｐｂ０．３５）ＴｉＯ３中分别掺入了Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＳｉＯ２，Ｌａ２Ｏ３，ＭｎＯ２和ＴｉＯ２．讨论了每种掺杂物与烧成气氛和升温制度对常温电阻率的影响，找出了ＰＴＣ陶瓷的最佳组成；１ｍｏｌ（Ｂａ０．６５Ｐｂ０．３５）ＴｉＯ３，０．００２ｍｏｌＡｌ２Ｏ３，０．００４ｍｏｌＳｉＯ２，０．０１ｍｏｌＴｉＯ２，０．００３ｍｏｌＬａ２Ｏ３，０．０００２ｍｏｌＭｎＯ２．这种ＰＴＣ陶瓷的表面温度为２７０℃，常温电阻率为５～８×１０３Ω·ｃｍ，时任性为２４０ｖ／ｍｍ．     

氯酸锂电解液中高氯酸锂的分光光度测定

在氯酸锂电解液中,用硫酸亚铁使氯酸盐还原,当ｐＨ＝３～４时,用苯萃取ＬｉＣｌＯ４灿烂绿络合物,测定了高氯酸锂。在２５ｍＬ萃取液中,ＬｉＣｌＯ４于２～１００μｇ范围内遵守比尔定律。大量Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋,Ｍｇ２＋,Ｐｂ２＋,Ｍｎ２＋,Ｆｅ３＋,Ｆ－,Ｃｌ－,ＳＯ２－４,ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ－和少量的ＣｒＯ２－４不影响测定。该法也可用于氯酸盐产品中微量高氯酸根的测定     

高压溶样－ICP／AES测定高纯Al_2O_3粉末中杂质元素含量

采用硫酸作溶剂，高压密封溶解９９．９９％Ａｌ２Ｏ３，以电感偶合等离子体发射光谱（ＩＣＰ／ＡＥＳ）测定高纯Ａｌ２Ｏ３中痕量杂质元素（Ｃａ，Ｍｇ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｓｉ，Ｎａ）含量。方法加标回收率８９％～１０７％，相对标准偏差４．６％～８．４％。该法具用溶样简便、无污染、基体干扰小、数据可靠、能同时测定多种元素等优点。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。