Experimental testing of joints for seismic design of lightweight structures. Part 1. Screwed joints in straps

Connections in x-braced shear walls play a crucial role in the seismic performance of lightweight structures: they should be strong enough to allow energy dissipation via plastification of the diagonal straps. An extensive experimental research on tensile screwed joints between straps is reported here. Two dominant failure modes are identified: (1) tilting and net section failure (T+NSF) and (2) tilting, bearing and pull out (T+B+PO). The analysis in terms of strength and ductility shows that T+NSF joints are suitable for seismic design, because the straps yield before the connections fail. T+B+PO joints, on the contrary, are not suited because the connection fails before the straps can yield. The influence of various design parameters (strap thickness, number and diameter of screws, steel grade) in the failure mode is studied, and design criteria to induce a T+NSF response are given.     

钢板攻丝高强螺栓连接钢框架节点力学性能试验研究

对采用钢板攻丝高强螺栓连接的钢框架节点分别进行了高强螺栓拉伸及剪切试验、钢柱法兰连接节点静力及拟静力试验、梁柱半刚性连接静力试验.基于试验数据对节点连接的承载能力、失效模式以及刚度特征等关键问题进行了分析.研究结果表明:由自攻螺纹钢板及高强螺栓构成的连接形式具有良好的抗拉、抗剪性能,以螺杆断裂为最终破坏模式;钢柱法兰连...     

Q690高强钢外伸端板加劲螺栓连接节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究高强钢外伸端板加劲螺栓连接节点的抗震性能和设计方法,基于EC3规范组件法和同步塑性设计理念,设计了3种不同屈服机制的Q690高强钢外伸端板加劲螺栓连接节点,通过循环加载试验研究了节点的破坏模式、刚度和承载力、耗能能力以及应变分布规律等,进一步验证了节点能力设计计算模型的有效性.研究结果表明:高强钢外伸端板加劲螺栓...     

Hysteretic behaviour of flush end plate joints to concrete-filled steel tubular columns

The results of an experimental research study involving the testing of four bolted moment-resisting connections under simulated seismic loading conditions are presented. Each test specimen modeled the interior joint of a moment-resisting frame consisting of H-shaped steel beams and circular or square concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns using high-strength blind bolts. In order to investigate the seismic behaviour of the blind bolted flush end plate joints to CFST columns, the hysteretic performance, failure modes, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation of the connection type are evaluated in detail. The test parameters varied included the column section type and the thickness of the end plate. The experimental results indicate that both the blind bolted connections with circular and square sections exhibited excellent hysteretic behaviour in terms of their moment–rotation response, strain distributions and energy dissipation. Under cyclic loading, all tested specimens displayed large rotation ductility capacities, and the failure modes were similar to those under monotonic loads. The effects of cyclic loading on the behaviour of the composite joint were obvious, especially on load bearing and stiffness of the connections. The joint type exhibited excellent seismic performance, so that it can be effectively utilized in moment-resisting composite frame structures.     

复式钢管混凝土装配式连接节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究复式钢管混凝土装配式连接节点的抗震性能,设计了5个复式钢管混凝土单边螺栓节点试件及1个穿心螺栓对比节点试件,进行了柱端固定轴压下水平往复加载试验,分析了T型件加肋、T型件翼缘厚度、梁柱线刚度比等对节点破坏形态、荷载-位移曲线、承载力、延性、耗能、刚度退化等抗震性能的影响。结果表明:复式钢管混凝土单边螺栓T型件连接节点滞回曲线饱满,变形耗能能力较强; 相比T型件未加肋试件,加单肋的节点极限承载力提高39%,加双肋节点极限承载力提高44%; T型件翼缘厚度20 mm的节点比14 mm的极限承载力提高13%,且极限位移也相应提高; 当梁柱线刚度比增大时,节点试件极限承载力和耗能能力均明显提高; 单边螺栓可发挥复式钢管混凝土柱内层钢管单边锁紧优势,内钢管应变值较大但节点域无明显变形,节点传力可靠且结构整体性较好; 对比穿心螺栓节点,单边螺栓节点初始刚度略小,极限承载力略有提高,二者等效黏滞阻尼系数基本相当,而节点变形能力及延性显著提高,说明单边螺栓装配式连接能较好地保证节点的稳定性和抗震性。     

模块化装配式钢结构梁柱节点极限承载力分析与抗震性能研究

利用ABAQUS大型有限元结构分析软件对模块化装配式高层钢结构中3种常见的焊接、栓接、栓焊混合连接节点进行非线性分析,得到3种节点的破坏机理、极限承载力以及单调循环荷载下的耗能能力。结果表明:焊接节点极限承载力最高,但塑性变形主要集中在节点域,没有实现"强节点弱构件";栓接节点在单调循环荷载作用下接触面容易滑移;栓焊混合节点中两片梁段的刚度不同会导致整个桁架梁段的平面外失稳,进而影响节点的极限承载力,并对3种典型装配式钢结构节点的设计提出一些建议。     

The design of bolted joints in cold-formed steel sections

This paper gives background information on the behaviour of bolted joints and the parameters that affect strength and flexibility. Design expressions for the bearing strength of bolted joints and for the joint movement under load are also given.

Moment connections are considered and design expressions for moment capacity and moment/rotation relationships for various bolt groups under practical conditions are given.

Computer analysis of cold-formed steel assemblies is outlined and two worked examples of manual analysis, incorporating the above design expressions, are given. It is shown how economical design may be achieved by selecting the correct semi-rigid joint in such assemblies.     

高性能耐火钢高强度螺栓接头高温受剪性能试验研究

为促进高性能耐火钢材设计理论发展与工程应用,对采用不同型号高强度螺栓的10个高强度螺栓连接接头进行了不同温度条件下的受剪试验,其中包含4个采用普通高强度螺栓的连接接头以及6个采用BFRW10耐火高强度螺栓的连接接头,连接板均采用WGJ高性能耐火钢.试验研究了常温下螺栓接头的摩擦面抗滑移系数、不同温度下螺栓接头的荷载-位...     

新型全螺栓连接钢框架抗震性能试验研究

针对方钢管柱与H形钢梁难栓接的问题,提出了一种新型全螺栓连接方式。这种连接方式舍去传统螺栓连接的螺帽,由直接在柱壁相应位置的攻丝充当,然后通过高强度螺栓把钢梁和方钢管柱直接连接。为了研究新型全螺栓连接方式运用在钢框架上的抗震性能,按照1:2比例模型,分别制作了采用传统栓焊连接方式(KJ-1)和新型全螺栓连接方式(KJ-2)的单层单跨钢框架。通过低周往复加载试验,对比分析了两者的破坏现象、承载力、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化以及延性等抗震性能。结果表明,KJ-2比KJ-1承载力提高了16.1%,延性增加了13.7%,耗能提高了9.5%;二者的刚度退化程度接近。总体而言,采用新型全螺栓连接钢框架的抗震性能稍优于采用传统栓焊连接的钢框架的抗震性能。     

Performance of CFTST column to steel beam joints with blind bolts under cyclic loading

The objective of this research is to investigate the seismic performance of the composite joint consisting of square concrete filled thin-walled steel tubular (CFTST) column and steel beam with end plate and blind bolts. The cold-formed square tube in each CFTST column connection was fabricated by seam welding together four pieces of lipped angle with nominal wall thickness 1.5 mm or 3 mm. Four exterior joint specimens were tested under axially compressive load on the top of the columns and cyclic loads on the beam tip. The experimental parameters in the study were the thickness of the steel tube and the type of end plate. The seismic response of the blind bolted moment joints to CFTST columns was analyzed and evaluated in terms of the hysteretic behavior, failure modes, stiffness and strength degradation, ductility, and energy dissipation capacities of the joints. To improve the tension behavior of the blind bolted moment connections to the thin tube wall, the anchorage action of reinforcing rebar welded to the bolts with concrete-filled steel tubes was also investigated to consider the effect of cyclic loading. The experimental and analytical results indicated that when the end plate thickness is not less than 3 mm, the flush or extended end plate joints to CFTST columns exhibited large hysteretic loops and excellent seismic performance, such as ductility and energy dissipation capacity. The proposed innovative blind bolted joint was verified as a reliable and effective solution applied in mid- and low-rise buildings through properly design and detailing.     

方套方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱单边螺栓连接节点#br# 拟动力试验分析

为揭示中空夹层钢管混凝土柱单边螺栓连接在地震作用下的动力特性和破坏模式,文章选取典型的中柱节点作为试验模型,进行方套方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱单边螺栓端板连接节点拟动力试验。研究柱截面空心率、端板形式以及采用可拆卸组合楼板对节点动力性能的影响。获得节点在各工况下的动力特性和破坏模式,分析构件最大位移时程曲线、最大加速度时程曲线、柱顶水平荷载-水平位移滞回曲线,获得阻尼比、刚度退化和累积滞回耗能等抗震性能指标的变化规律。试验结果表明,方套方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱单边螺栓端板连接节点具有优越的抗震性能和良好的延性,可以在高烈度地区的多高层装配式钢结构建筑中应用和推广。     

中空夹层钢管混凝土柱与钢-混凝土组合梁节点抗震性能试验研究

以中空夹层钢管混凝土柱与带钢筋混凝土楼板的钢-混凝土组合梁采用高强螺栓及T形钢连接件构成的组合节点的抗震性能为研究对象,对6个十字形组合节点以梁端反对称加载的形式进行拟静力试验。试验中以柱轴压比、加劲肋、T形钢连接件尺寸、楼板厚度和楼板配筋率等为变化参数,研究该组合节点的破坏特征、滞回性能、抗剪性能、承载力衰减、刚度退化规律、耗能特性以及应变变化等力学性能。研究结果表明：柱内置钢管在增加柱受压承载力的同时可以有效增加节点核心区受剪能力,改善了节点整体受力性能;增大楼板配筋率(当1%≤ρ≤ρmax时)和减小柱轴压比(当n≤0.3时)能增强节点总耗能能力,但会降低节点延性且对节点承载力无明显提高作用;T形钢翼缘厚度和设置加劲肋对节点抗震性能影响较大。     

胶合木与胶合木螺栓连接力学性能试验研究

试验研究胶合木与胶合木单螺栓连接及群螺栓连接构件在顺纹受拉时的承载能力,分析其破坏模式和破坏机理,试验对象为3组9个单螺栓连接和4组20个群螺栓连接.研究表明:胶合木与胶合木单螺栓连接的力学性能与胶合木的厚度比有关,当侧材厚度比为4.375时,破坏形态Ⅲ型,延性最佳;胶合木与胶合木群螺栓连接的力学性能与螺栓列数及每列的...     

单边高强螺栓连接方套方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱组合节点抗震性能试验研究

为了深入研究单边高强螺栓连接中空夹层钢管混凝土柱组合节点的抗震性能和破坏机理,对4个方套方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱与钢-混凝土组合梁单边高强螺栓端板连接节点进行了低周反复加载试验,以端板形式和柱截面空心率为主要试验参数,考察了节点破坏模式和组合楼板裂缝分布规律,研究节点滞回曲线、连接弯矩-转角关系、刚度和承载力退化、延性和...     

木结构钢板螺栓连接节点承载力计算分析及试验研究

为便于木结构工程设计,提出了钢板螺栓连接承载力计算式,并提出了受弯螺栓连接节点承载力上限和下限的计算方法。设计制作了钢填板螺栓连接节点试件,并进行了复合受力节点承载力试验研究。试验结果表明,各受力工况下试验节点的承载力平均值均介于所计算的承载力上、下限之间,且基本等于所计算的承载力上、下限的平均值。从而验证了所提出的钢板螺栓连接承载力计算式和连接节点承载力计算方法的正确性和适用性,为设计提供了可靠依据。     

Behaviour of bolted flange joints in tubular structures under monotonic,repeated and fatigue loadings I: Experimental tests

This paper presents a test program on bolted flange plate connections used in circular tubular structures. In the tested joints, the connected tubular elements are made of high strength steel (TS590) whilst normal steel grade (S355) is used for the flanges. The tests were performed under monotonic loadings to obtain the mechanical properties of the connections and under cyclic loadings to characterise the behaviour of these connections for low cycle and high cycle fatigue. The test results are first presented herein, including a critical analysis of the latter; then, design methods available in literature are applied for the tested configurations with the objective to investigate the accuracy of these methods through comparisons with the experimental results.     

不同连梁节点构造的联肢钢板剪力墙结构抗震性能试验研究

为研究不同连梁节点构造时联肢钢板剪力墙结构的抗震性能,制作了3个缩尺比例为1∶3的联肢钢板剪力墙试件。试件中连梁与柱的连接分别采用隔板贯通式焊接节点、穿芯螺栓节点和悬臂梁段-端板节点,竖向边缘构件采用方钢管混凝土柱。对3个试件进行了拟静力试验,得到了联肢钢板剪力墙的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、特征荷载和位移等指标,分析了结构的延性、耗能能力、承载力及刚度退化等性能。结果表明,各试件位移延性系数均大于5.37,等效黏滞阻尼系数均大于0.211,刚度和承载力退化稳定,承载力退化系数均大于0.91。连梁节点的差异导致各试件的屈服顺序均不相同,采用穿芯螺栓连梁节点的试件,连梁先发生剪切屈服,耗能能力最优;采用悬臂梁段-端板连梁节点的试件,连梁与剪力墙板几乎同时屈服,耗能能力次之;采用焊接连梁节点的试件,连梁因节点焊缝断裂而破坏,试件初始刚度较高,承载力与耗能能力低于其他试件。总体上,各试件的剪力墙板与连梁均发生了较严重的破坏,实现了多道抗震设防的设计目标。     

State-of-the-art on resistance of bearing-type bolted connections in high strength steel

With the recent development of material science, high strength steel (HSS) has become a practical solution for landmark buildings and major projects. The current codes for design of bearing-type bolted connections of steel constructions were established based on the research of conventional steels. Since the mechanical properties of HSS are different from those of conventional steels, more works should be done to develop the appropriate approach for the design of bearing-type bolted connections in HSS. A review of the research carried out on bearing-type bolted connections fabricated from conventional steel and HSS is presented. The up-to-date tests conducted at Tongji University on four connection types fabricated from three grades of HSS with nominal yield strengths of 550, 690, and 890 MPa are presented. The previous research on failure modes, bearing resistance and the design with consideration of bolt hole elongation are summarized. It is found that the behavior of bolted connections in HSS have no drastic difference compared to that of conventional steel connections. Although the ductility is reduced, plastic deformation capacity of HSS is sufficient to ensure the load redistribution between different bolts with normal construction tolerances. It is also found that behavior of each bolt of multi-bolt connections arranged in perpendicular to load direction is almost identical to that of a single-bolt connection with the same end distance. For connections with bolts arranged in parallel to load direction, the deformation capacity of the whole connection depends on the minimum value between the end distance and the spacing distances in load direction. The comparison with existing design codes shows that Eurocode3 and Chinese GB50017-2017 are conservative for the design of bolted connections in HSS while AISC 360-16 may overestimate the bearing resistance of bolted connections.     

Bearing failure in stainless steel bolted connections

Although the mechanical behaviour of stainless steel and carbon steel differs significantly, design provisions for stainless steel connections in current standards are essentially based on the rules for carbon steel. For bolted connections, the design resistances in EN 1993-1-4 and the SCI/Euro Inox Design Manual for Structural Stainless Steel are based on those in EN 1993-1-8 and EN 1993-1-3 with only some minor modifications. In this paper, an investigation into the bearing behaviour of stainless steel connections between both thick and thin plates has been conducted. Numerical models for previously tested specimens in austenitic and ferritic stainless steel have been developed and validated. The validated models were then used to perform parametric studies to investigate the key variables affecting the bearing failure of bolted connections; these include edge distance e₂, end distance e₁ and plate thickness t. The investigation showed the deformation behaviour of stainless steel connections to be somewhat different from that of carbon steel connections, with stainless steel exhibiting pronounced strain hardening. However, the locations of fracture initiation obtained from the numerical models matched those observed during experimental studies of both carbon steel and stainless steel connections and this feature has been used as the basis for defining a consistent, strength based criterion of failure. The results of the parametric studies have been utilised as the basis for design provisions for bearing failure in stainless steel bolted connections that cover both the ultimate and the serviceability limit states and which are both more economic and more straightforward than the present EC3 provisions.     

Research on mechanical behavior of prefabricated steelframe columns using high-strength bolted flangeconnection with tapping steel plate

为了研究多高层装配式钢框架结构体系方钢管柱采用钢板攻丝高强螺栓法兰连接节点的受力性能,进行了钢柱法兰连接节点的足尺模型静力和拟静力试验,分析了这类节点的承载力、失效模式以及在单向水平地震作用下的滞回性能。试验研究表明：试件在静力试验中表现出较强的承载能力,失效模式为短柱受压侧屈服;试件在拟静力试验中得到的滞回曲线比较饱满,试件延性较好,耗能性能优良,失效模式为短柱受压屈服。对这类钢柱法兰节点的受力性能进行了有限元数值模拟分析,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。通过比较节点刚接模型及栓接模型的有限元分析结果,从设计角度考虑,认为该类节点在实际工程应用中可视为等效刚性连接。