正交空时分组编码系统的信号检测技术

正交空时分担编码（OSTBC）技术可以提高信道容量和误码性能,准静态平坦衰落信道和时变平坦衰落信道下正交空时分组编码率的信号检测技术得到广泛研究。利用正交频分复用技术（OFDM）,研究了时变多径衰落信道下OSTBC-OFDM的信号检测方法,提出了一种能够有效利用无线信道的多径传播效应的发射天线数目等于4的OSTBC信号检测算法,仿真结果表明,发射天线书等于4,接收天线数等于2时,与已有信号检测算法相比,提出的算法有4.5dB性能增益。     

多径信道下基于空时分组码的发送分集技术

文章在多径信道下,提出了一种基于RAKE接收机的空时分组编码(STBC)方案.该方案将空时分组编码(STBC)与RAKE接收机的多径叠加相干检测的方法相结合,从而可以在频率选择性衰落信道下采用多发射天线实现发送分集.此方案获得的分集增益与由采用相同数量接收天线的最大比接收合并(MRRC)方案得到的接收分集增益接近,能够较大地提高传榆系统的可靠性.     

基于空时Turbo网格码的MIMO-OFDM系统

提出了使用空时Turbo网格编码的MIMO-OFDM系统,分析了系统的性能,给出了衰落信道中的性能上界以及编码和分集增益表达式。通过仿真评估了空时Turbo网格码在慢衰落信道中的性能,与传统的STTC方法相比,该系统可以获得更好的分集增益和编码增益。     

无线通信中的空时协作分集

为了解决无线通信系统中多输入多输出技术在移动终端的多天线制约问题，一种新的分集技术-协作分集技术被提出。编码协作分集可以在慢衰落环境下取得较好的性能，但在快衰落环境下性能较差，文中对编码协作分集进行了延伸，考虑了在快衰落环境下的空时编码协作分集和自适应空时编码协作分集。     

一种用于无线通信的新型空时编码技术

空时编码采用多发送天线设计信道编码,联合考虑分集,编码与调制,从而提高信号在无线衰落信道中传输的可靠性,介绍了空时码的编码和译码方法,以及设计空时码的准则。     

基于FB-FDE的地空通信分集接收技术

提出了基于滤波器组频域均衡(FB-FDE)的分集接收方法,充分利用了FB-FDE技术抗多径能力强和动态时变适应性好的特性,较好地解决了低仰角下的地空信道快速时变的频率选择性衰落问题。并且通过建立低仰角下地空信道天线的相关性模型,从理论上分析了天线相关性对FB-FDE技术的分集接收性能的影响。仿真试验表明,天线相关系数为0.5时能获得较好的接收分集增益。     

基于空时分组编码的MC-CDMA下行链路合并方案

基于空时分组编码的发射分集技术利用空间和时间分集 ,能有效抗多径 ,增强信道可靠性。将空时分组编码应用到MC -CDMA下行链路中 ,构建了一种新的多载波CDMA系统 (ST -MC -CD MA) ,通过在每个子载波信道中获得空间分集增益来提高系统性能。具体实现时 ,依据传统MC -CDMA信号合并方案 ,提出了ST -MC -CDMA空时译码后相应的四种合并方案。仿真结果验证了这 4种合并方案的优、缺点 ;并进一步证明 :在频率选择性瑞利衰落信道中 ,该系统比采用相同合并方案的传统MC -CDMA有明显的性能改善。     

用于快时变MIMO衰落信道的一种差分空时调制技术

针对快时变多输入多输出(MIMO)平坦衰落信道,利用时变信道的基扩展模型(BEM),提出了一种差分空时调制方案。差分编码按块进行,发射信号矩阵为对角酉矩阵。通过设计发射端的交织及接收端的解交织,判决反馈差分检测不需要信道状态信息。理论分析和仿真表明,该方案能同时实现最大的天线分集和信道时变性所提供的Doppler分集。     

瑞利快衰落信道下STBC的译码器设计

Alamouti提出的空时分组码(STBC)发射分集技术,其优良性能及低复杂性的译码方案是限制在准静态衰落信道的情况下的,通过研究发现此系统在时变快衰落信道时性能会有严重的损失。为了改善系统在快衰落信道下的性能,提出一种最小均方误差(MMSE)线性译码器,该译码器能够同时抑制噪声和干扰。理论及计算机仿真证明,MMSE译码器用于空时分组码发射分集系统中可以有效地改善无线信道的时变快衰落对系统性能的影响。     

采用子载波分组和空时码的随机映射MIMO OFDM系统

本文提出了一种在子载波分组上进行空时编码的随机信号映射MIMO OFDM系统.采用已有的快衰落信道上的空时码在每个分组上编码,随机映射后在多个天线上发送,接收端就能够获得大部分的空间和频率分集.仿真表明系统在MIMO多径衰落信道中能够获得好的性能.     

Performance analysis of MIMO systems with multiuser diversity

In this paper, we present a comprehensive performance analysis for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems with multiuser diversity over Rayleigh fading channels. We derive exact closed‐form expressions of the outage probability and the average bit error rate (BER) for different MIMO schemes, including the selective combining (SC), maximum ratio combining (MRC) and space‐time block codes (STBC). We also provide the explicit upper bounds on the BER performance. Finally, the mathematical formalism is verified by numeric results that study the interaction between the antenna diversity and the multiuser diversity. It is observed that the system performance is deteriorated as the number of transmit antennas increases in multiuser scenario, which is unlike the case in single‐user systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Benefit of pattern diversity via two-element array of circular patch antennas in indoor clustered MIMO channels

In this paper, we analyze a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array consisting of two circular microstrip antennas, designed to exploit pattern diversity. We analytically derive the spatial correlation coefficients of this array as a function of the mode excited, for realistic clustered MIMO channel models. We compare the performance of the circular patch array (CPA) against an array of two spaced dipoles. In particular, we compute a theoretical tradeoff to predict when the pattern diversity provided by the CPA is more effective than space diversity from the uniform linear array (ULA), based on the eigenvalues of the spatial correlation matrix. Through simulations, we show that CPAs yield better performance or satisfy more restrictive size constraints than ULAs in clustered MIMO channels, depending on the element spacing of the ULA. These results make the CPA an attractive solution for miniaturized MIMO arrays for portable devices or access points.     

Compact wide-band multimode antennas for MIMO and diversity

This paper presents broadband multimode antennas for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and diversity applications. The antenna system is not based on spatial diversity, as usual MIMO systems, but on a combination of pattern and polarization diversity. Different modes of self-complementary, thus extremely broadband, spiral and sinuous antennas are used to decorrelate the signals. It is shown that only one antenna is necessary to receive three uncorrelated signals, thus the space required to place the MIMO antenna is very small. Simulation results and measurements of a typical indoor scenario are given.     

Target spatial and frequency scattering diversity property for diversity MIMO radar

Statistical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, e.g., frequency diversity MIMO radar (FDMR) and spatial diversity MIMO radar (SDMR), can exploit signal diversity to improve target detection performance. The statistical property of target echo signals received in diversity channels is an important concern in designing signal processing algorithms for an FDMR and an SDMR, which is studied in this paper by using a round shaped scatterers centre target model. A uniform formula is derived to estimate the correlation coefficients of target echo signals in diversity channels for both an FDMR and an SDMR. The theoretical correlation coefficients are testified by numerical experiments.     

Spatial diversity in radars-models and detection performance

Inspired by recent advances in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, this proposal introduces the statistical MIMO radar concept. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that the statistical MIMO is being proposed for radar. The fundamental difference between statistical MIMO and other radar array systems is that the latter seek to maximize the coherent processing gain, while statistical MIMO radar capitalizes on the diversity of target scattering to improve radar performance. Coherent processing is made possible by highly correlated signals at the receiver array, whereas in statistical MIMO radar, the signals received by the array elements are uncorrelated. Radar targets generally consist of many small elemental scatterers that are fused by the radar waveform and the processing at the receiver, to result in echoes with fluctuating amplitude and phase. It is well known that in conventional radar, slow fluctuations of the target radar cross section (RCS) result in target fades that degrade radar performance. By spacing the antenna elements at the transmitter and at the receiver such that the target angular spread is manifested, the MIMO radar can exploit the spatial diversity of target scatterers opening the way to a variety of new techniques that can improve radar performance. This paper focuses on the application of the target spatial diversity to improve detection performance. The optimal detector in the Neyman-Pearson sense is developed and analyzed for the statistical MIMO radar. It is shown that the optimal detector consists of noncoherent processing of the receiver sensors' outputs and that for cases of practical interest, detection performance is superior to that obtained through coherent processing. An optimal detector invariant to the signal and noise levels is also developed and analyzed. In this case as well, statistical MIMO radar provides great improvements over other types of array radars.     

A novel wideband space‐time channel simulator based on the geometrical one‐ring model with applications in MIMO‐OFDM systems

In this paper, we extend the geometrical one‐ring multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) channel model with respect to frequency selectivity. Our approach enables the design of efficient and accurate simulation models for wideband space‐time MIMO channels under isotropic scattering conditions. Two methods will be provided to compute the parameters of the simulation model. Especially, the temporal, frequency and spatial correlation properties of the proposed wideband space‐time MIMO channel simulator are studied analytically. It is shown that any given specified or measured discrete power delay profile (PDP) can be incorporated into the simulation model. The high accuracy of the simulation model is demonstrated by comparing its statistical properties with those of the underlying reference model with specified correlation properties in the time, frequency and spatial domain. As an application example of the new MIMO frequency‐selective fading channel model, we study the influence of various channel model parameters on the system performance of a space‐time coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. For example, we investigate the influence of the antenna element spacings of the base station (BS) antenna as well as the mobile station (MS) antenna. It turns out that an increasing of the antenna element spacing at the BS side results in a higher diversity gain than an increasing of the antenna element spacing at the MS side. Furthermore, the diversity gain brought in by space‐time block coding schemes is investigated by simulation. Our results show that transmitter diversity can significantly reduce the symbol error rate (SER) of multiple antenna systems. Finally, the influence of the Doppler effect and the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the system performance is also investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于空间分集的太赫兹光子计数系统

由大气湍流引起的闪烁效应是影响太赫兹无线通信系统性能的重要因素,为此提出了使用空间分集技术来改善受强大气湍流和噪声影响的太赫兹光子计数无线通信系统性能的方案,并分别推导了在开关键控(OOK)调制下基于Laguerre模型采用发射分集、接收分集以及多输入多输出技术(MIMO)的系统在强大气湍流下的误码率表达式。数值分析结果表明,在自由空间使用分集技术可以有效对抗强大气湍流,降低通信系统的误码率,是一种在不利天气条件下提升太赫兹无线通信性能的简单而有效的方法。     

MVDR‐combining‐aided diversity and spatial multiplexing for MIMO multi‐cellular networks with cochannel interference

Two multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) schemes (a diversity scheme and a spatial multiplexing scheme) that employ the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) combining are proposed for multi‐cellular networks with cochannel interference. With the receive diversity provided by the MVDR combining, the proposed diversity scheme can be benefited by both the transmit diversity and the receive diversity, also, the proposed spatial multiplexing scheme can be benefited by both the receive diversity and the spatial multiplexing. The proposed MIMO schemes do not require the space‐time coding or the successive interference cancellation, thus they can result in less computational complexity than space‐time block code (STBC) and vertical‐Bell Labs layered space‐time (V‐BLAST). We show that the capacity of the proposed diversity scheme is close to or larger than that of STBC for the noise‐corrupted case and is much larger than that of STBC for the interference‐corrupted case. We also show that the capacity of the proposed spatial multiplexing scheme can be much larger than that of V‐BLAST for the interference‐corrupted case and the noise‐corrupted case, and the proposed spatial multiplexing scheme can achieve good compromise between diversity and spatial multiplexing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Capacity bounds for Cooperative diversity

In a cooperative diversity network, users cooperate to transmit each others' messages; to some extent nodes therefore collectively act as an antenna array and create a virtual or distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. In this paper, upper and lower bounds for the information-theoretic capacity of four-node ad hoc networks with two transmitters and two receivers using cooperative diversity are derived. One of the gains in a true MIMO system is a multiplexing gain in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, an extra factor in front of the log in the capacity expression. It is shown that cooperative diversity gives no such multiplexing gain, but it does give a high SNR additive gain, which is characterized in the paper     

移动终端应用极化分集时的性能评估

研究了MIMO通信中极化分集在移动终端的应用,通过在传统极化分集模型中加入来波的角谱分布,求解了正交极化接收的空间衰落相关性,最后用Monte Carlo法仿真了信道遍历容量随平均到达角、角度扩展以及天线偏离角的变化,并在体积受限条件下比较了空间分集和极化分集的信道容量,理论上验证了在体积受限条件下应用极化分集能较大的提高MIMO信道的传输容量.