齿轮脉冲电化学光整加工控制系统的研究

针对齿轮的脉冲电化学光整加工的实际特点。设计了一套基于上下位机结构的微机控制系统。阐述了工艺的控制原理。介绍了系统的结构组成和软件模块的设计。对步进电机的控制和微机间的通信技术做了重点阐述。该系统改善了光整加工的质量。提高了生产率。适合了大批量生产的需要。     

计数器回零机构

本文简介了回零机构的工作原理。确定了回零凸轮廓线的解析方程及其基本参数。探讨了凸轮的测量方法。分析了凸轮及其推杆的受力并研究了其自锁区。根据不自锁的要求解决了推杆外廓的设计问题。     

制造工程技术与制造科学(一)

发展先进的制造工程技术，需要制造科学的支持。论述了当代制造工程技术的特点。探讨了世纪之交制造业内外正在发生的主要变化。阐述了今日制造工程学科面对的挑战。回顾了制造科学的历史发展。探讨了制造科学的研究现状。介绍了制造科学研究的两项成果。     

适用于中小型链条热水炉的模糊控制

根据实际经验和采集的现场运行数据确定了模糊控制规则,设计了模糊控制器。详细地阐述了该控制器的设计方案和实现方法,针对设计做了详细的分析说明。使用了先进的控制算法实现了锅炉的自动控制。本系统成功用在了工业实际项目中,效果良好。     

轴的可靠性设计CAD方法

本文讨论了轴的可靠性设计CAD 方法。文中提出了轴的疲劳强度可靠性设计CAD 程序的编制原则,并给出了相应的CAD 程序和应用例子。这种可靠性CAD程序简化了计算,节省了时间,提高了设计质量,减少了轴的尺寸。     

PLC在变频恒压热水供应控制系统中的应用

本系统采用FX2N系列PLC设计了一套变频恒压热水供应控制系统。阐述了系统主要的工艺原理。设计了系统流程图。完成了手动档和自动档的程序编制过程。最后设置了报警系统并进行了触摸屏画面制作。试验证明本系统能够达到高效的控制作用。     

基于PLC的折弯机自动控制系统的研制

为提高伺服电机的定位精准性,充分利用了PLC作为逻辑控制器可靠性高的特点,设计了一种能够精确控制折弯角度的折弯机控制系统。介绍了折弯机的工作原理,提出了基于PLC、伺服系统、文本显示器的控制系统的解决方案。详细阐述了折弯机的工作流程,给出了硬件接线原理图以及折弯机控制系统的算法。通过一个程序实例,进行了折弯机的自动控制系统的模拟实验。实验结果表明,设计满足了系统的要求。     

中大马力推土机松土器结构优化设计

介绍了推土机松土器的结构形式及作业特点。设计了新结构松土器并绘制三维模型。对比了新结构松土器与传统松土器,介绍了新结构松土器的优点。对新结构松土器在两个工况下的载荷情况进行了研究,基于计算载荷,对松土器进行了动力学仿真。通过仿真,得到了油缸和连接点的最大受力工况。基于仿真结果,对松土器关键部件进行了有限元分析,得到了关键部件的最大应力值和最大变形量,分析结果显示,新结构松土器强度满足要求。应用Pro/E对松土器的最大提升高度和最大下降深度进行了模拟。对比了新结构松土器与传统松土器的作业速度,结果显示,新结构松土器的作业速度要优于传统松土器。思路为类似产品的改进提供了借鉴。     

超声波金属焊接机气动回路及PLC控制系统的设计

对用于铜箔和铜管连续缝焊的超声波焊接机的气动和控制系统进行了设计分析。根据焊接工艺,拟定了气动回路,进行了气动元件的选择计算,确定了管道直径,验算了压力损失。拟定了PLC控制流程并对控制端口进行了分析,编写了控制程序,实现了铜箔和铜管的自动焊接。     

耐辐照多节潜望镜光学设计

本文对最近研制成功的耐辐照多节潜望镜光学系统的设计工作进行了论述。给出了总体光路安排和初始参数计算。着重对光学系统的像差特性进行了分析,针对其特殊性。给出了像差平衡方案。绘制了像差曲线,给出了潜望镜光学系统的测试结果。     

硼化植物油的摩擦化学研究

在植物油中引入硼,合成了新型润滑油添加剂硼化植物油。四球机摩擦磨损试验表明,硼化植物油具有极好的减摩、抗磨和极压性能,其润滑作用机理是由于长链植物油的载体作用、硼的缺电子以及两者的协同作用于摩擦金属表面形成了一层高强度的吸附膜和／或摩擦化学反应膜。     

Wear resistance of steels and suction-tube dredger members hardened by surface electrolysis borating during abrasive wear

Findings of comparative bench tests for six grades of carbon and alloyed structural steels hardened by surface electrolysis borating and data of the reliability for borated members under field conditions within a heterogeneous abrasive environment and for borated scoop pins in hinged joints of a scoop chain of a suction-tube dredger are presented.     

Interaction of ZDDP with Borated Dispersant Using XANES and XPS

The thermochemical reaction and tribochemical reaction of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), a borated dispersant, and the mixture of ZDDP and borated dispersant on steel surfaces were investigated. Both pin-on-disk and ball-on-disk were used to generate tribofilms. The chemical state of nitrogen, boron, phosphorus, and sulfur in heated oil solutions, thermal films, and tribofilms were analyzed by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to obtain the chemical nature of species on the surface and in the bulk of the films. High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has also been used to analyze boron (B) in tribofilms.

The borated dispersant in base oil by itself yields good anti-wear behavior. This can be attributed to the presence of boron in the dispersant. The wear scar widths (WSW) for ZDDP alone, and in combination with the dispersant, yield similar results within the experimental error. It was found that the borated dispersant facilitates the decomposition of ZDDP and the formation of phosphate in tribofilms and thermal films. B K-edge XANES shows that boron has a trigonal coordination in the untreated additive, but the coordination changes partially to a tetrahedral coordination in the tribofilm upon rubbing. No BN was detected in the film analyzed by B K-edge or N K-edge. Boron 1s XPS also did not show the presence of BN in the film.     

硼酸酯化Mannich碱抗磨添加剂的性能研究

本文介绍了一种新型抗磨添加剂－硼酸酯化Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ碱，并用四球机对其减摩抗磨性能进行了考察。结果表明，该添加剂具有优良的减摩抗磨性，在冲压拉深油中与其他添加剂有很好的复合配伍性，能普遍提高原油品的最大无卡咬负荷和降低磨斑直径。     

Study of interaction of EP and AW additives with dispersants using XANES

The chemical interaction of two kinds of dispersants (bis-succinimide dispersant and borated bis-succinimide dispersant) with four kinds of antiwear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) additives (zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, dialkyldithiophosphate ester, diphenylphosphate ester and dialkyldithiocarbamate) has been investigated under different contact pressures. The chemical compositions of the tribofilms have been studied by B, N, P and S X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The N K-edge XANES analysis has been used to follow the reaction pathway of amine and imide functional groups in the dispersants and their interactions with EP and AW additives. It has been found that AW additives react with amine to form amine phosphate at low load. However, at high load, there is a good evidence for the formation of a nitrate phase in the tribofilms, the first direct observation of oxidative dispersant loss in the rubbing contact. On the other hand, EP additives behave differently and in general are less reactive. The B K-edge XANES has been employed to follow the interaction of borated dispersant with the EP and AW additive. In general, boron originally in the trigonal coordination, is converted to a tetrahedral coordination form in the process of tribofilm formation.     

Tribological properties of the film formed by borated dioctyl dithiocarbamate as an additive in liquid paraffin

This paper discusses the preparation of borated dioctyl dithiocarbamate as an oil-soluble antiwear and extreme pressure additive for lubricants. Its tribological performance when added to liquid paraffin was evaluated on a four-ball tester and a ring-on-block machine. The relationships between its performances and the concentrations are also given, and are compared with these of zinc dialkyldithiophospate (ZDDP). The results show that the novel compound possesses an excellent load-carrying capacity and friction reduction property similar to ZDDP, and exhibits better antiwear property than ZDDP above 392 N. In addition, the novel compound has good anticorrosive property and high thermal stability. The rubbed surface was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the antiwear mechanism was discussed.     

Tribological studies on a new borated mannich base containing benzotriazole group as additive for environmentally adapted lubricant

A novel borated mannich base containing benzotriazole group additive (abbreviated as BTBM) is synthesised and characterised. Its tribological properties as an additive in rapeseed oil are evaluated and compared with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). The results show that BTBM have high P_B value, but bad anti sintering ability. The anti-wear property of BTBM is not as good as ZDDP; however, it shows excellent property in friction-reducing and expects to be a comprehensive friction modifier. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that BTBM can form adsorption layer consisting of fracted organic borates or deposited B₂O₃ and organic nitrogen compounds settled layer in the process of friction. As corrosion inhibitor, BMBT can inhibit the corrosion of active S element to copper significantly.     

Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy Investigation of Additive Interactions Responsible for Anti-Wear Film Formation in a Lubricated Contact

Rational formulation of lubricants requires an understanding of additive interactions that impact antiwear film qualities such as thickness, topography, and friction. In an effort to understand the complex additive interactions responsible for formation of anti-wear and friction-reducing films, atomic force microscopy (AFM) in conjunction with Raman microscopy has been used to conduct a nanoscale investigation of the wear tracks formed by a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) in the presence of various commercial lubricant additives combinations. Of the additives examined, zinc dithiophosphate (ZnDTP)-based additives are found to be solely responsible for the formation of a thick (hundreds of nm) film that exhibits a pitted topography. Addition of a molybdenum-based friction modifier to the lubricant blend reduces the film thickness considerably and reacts to produce MoS ₂ on the surface, suggesting an interaction with the zinc dithiophosphate–based additive that prevents antiwear film formation. Formation of MoS ₂ , found only in the wear track, is consistent with a dramatic reduction of friction coefficient measured in the HFRR. Subsequent addition of borated dispersants to the lubricant reveals a further reduction in friction coefficient and a modest return of anti-wear film. However, addition of detergents to the formulation increases the friction coefficient and also promotes the formation of an anti-wear film. Nanoindentation measurements on the bulk properties of the anti-wear films determined that all of the anti-wear films had similar modulus and hardness measurements which were lower than that of the parent steel material, but did not correlate with the friction measurements obtained from the HFRR. This indicates that nanoscale measurements on material properties of the film are necessary to elucidate friction properties of the interface, and that these properties cannot be determined from macroscale measurements on the bulk film.

     

一种针对圆锥体外表面贴装的机械手设计分析与优化

针对圆锥体外表面贴装工作设计了一种串联式机械臂末端机械手。对圆锥体进行空间分析,根据圆锥体几何特征确定贴装技术方案并进行构型设计。完成机械手结构设计,利用拉格朗日法推导动力学方程,利用D-H法对正逆运动学进行求解。利用遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ对执行器高负载零部件进行结构尺寸优化并对优化前后零部件进行有限元分析对比。通过虚拟样机、样机动态实验结果对比验证设计机械手的可行性,并分析了外界影响因素,最终证明设计的机械手可行并为其后续改进提供了方向。     

35CrMo钢表面铁基激光熔覆层的组织和耐磨性能

采用CO2激光熔覆装置将LC3530铁基粉熔覆在35CrMo钢基体表面,研究了熔覆层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能,并与基体的进行对比。结果表明:基体组织为回火索氏体,晶粒尺寸在20μm左右,而熔覆层的组织为均匀细小的等轴晶,晶粒尺寸大多在8μm;基体的平均硬度为254.1HV,而熔覆层的平均硬度为640.5HV,且硬度分布更加均匀;在相同试验条件下,熔覆层试样的磨损量仅为基体试样的1/7,磨损系数是基体试样的1/5,且磨损后熔覆层试样的表面粗糙度较磨损前的大幅下降,表明激光熔覆后35CrMo钢的耐磨性能得到显著提高;基体试样的磨损机制为犁削磨损,而熔覆层试样的磨损机制为微观切削,其优异的耐磨性能与含有铁、铬、钼和碳等元素的高硬度合金碳化物的形成有关。