垃圾渗滤液处理技术研究进展

垃圾渗滤液是一类水质较为复杂的难处理的高浓度有机废水,本文从垃圾渗滤液的来源及其特点出发,对国内外主要处理方法进行了简要的介绍,对各种方法的特点及适用性进行了分析,并指出了未来垃圾渗滤液处理方法的主要发展方向。     

小议垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌处理意义

垃圾填埋场的渗滤液可能会通过土壤、气体和水体等渠道产生二次污染,是危害及其严重的有机废水,所以垃圾填埋场有必要积极采用各种措施加大对渗滤液的处理力度。本文介绍了渗滤液回灌处理技术,并总结了垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌处理的意义及处理过程中应注意的问题。     

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理研究

根据处理工艺原理的不同,分别介绍生化和物化处理技术、膜处理技术、土地处理技术等处理工艺研究与应用的进展情况,并首次提出垃圾渗滤液的减量法处理。同时根据我国填埋场渗滤液的产生特点和处理处置现状,展望了我国渗滤液处理工艺的发展趋势。     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术分析

垃圾渗滤液会对空气、水质等产生危害,影响人们的身体健康,因此本文对垃圾渗滤液的危害、特点以及处理技术分别进行了分析和探讨。     

城市垃圾渗滤液处理技术浅析

文章从垃圾渗滤液的产生及其特点出发,介绍了国内外正在开发和研究的垃渗滤液处理技术。供同行参阅。     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术研究

文章从垃圾渗滤液的产生及其特点出发,介绍了国内外正在开发和研究的垃渗滤液处理技术。     

外置式膜生化反应器在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

垃圾电厂的渗滤液具有COD、BOD浓度高,NH3-N高等特点,传统的生化处理工艺出水水质难以得到保证。膜生物反应器工艺的应用,很好地解决这方面的问题,对污水变化地适应性很强,污染物去除率高,系统启动速度快,逐步成为国内外垃圾渗滤液处理的主流工艺。     

交变电絮凝处理某垃圾填埋场渗滤液的试验研究

以镇江某垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,利用试验分析影响交变电絮凝处理垃圾渗滤液的主要因素:处理时间、电流密度、电极距离、初始pH值、氯离子初始浓度等;并通过正交实验法计算影响因素对COD去除效果影响大小的顺序为:电流密度>处理时间>pH值>氯离子初始浓度;且得到交变电絮凝处理高COD浓度的最佳处理方案。     

垃圾渗滤液膜处理技术

目前在国外，垃圾填埋场渗滤液膜分离技术处理工艺相当成熟，而在我国这一新技术还未得到应用和推广．总结现有的各种渗滤液膜分离技术处理工艺，并进行可行性分析，对我国今后城市垃圾卫生填埋的建设和垃圾渗滤液污染的控制具有一定的参考价值.     

城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场选址综合分析

垃圾卫生填埋法已成为世界上绝大多数国家处理垃圾的普遍方法 ,在今后很长一段时间内仍将占有重要地位。而填埋场选址则是填埋场建设中的最重要的问题之一。本文较为系统地介绍了选址过程中的原则、程序、评价标准和方法等有关问题     

Reproducibility of Fourier transform infrared spectra of compost, municipal solid waste, and landfill material

The reproducibility of infrared spectra from different waste materials such as compost, mechanically-biologically treated (MBT) municipal solid waste, and landfill materials was investigated. Reproducibility tests focused mainly on infrared spectra and parameter prediction from the spectrum developed for composts and MBT-waste, as well as band height ratio measurement for landfill materials in terms of practical applications. Compared to compost and landfill material, the reproducibility of infrared spectra from MBT-waste was considerably lower. Accordingly, sample preparation was modified and maximum mean deviation was minimized from 8.3% to 4.2%. The number of required spectra replicates was determined in consideration of practical aspects such as parameter prediction for composts and MBT-waste and the measurement of band height ratios (2925/1630 cm(-1)) of landfill materials. For composts two-fold measurements and for MBT-waste and landfill materials three-fold measurements were considered appropriate.     

Pharmaceutical compound content of municipal solid waste

The occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in landfills has been largely neglected. Once discarded in municipal solid waste (MSW), pharmaceuticals within a landfill may undergo degradation, adsorption, or enter the leachate and eventually exit the landfill. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) concentration of MSW was predicted using available statistics on medication usage and directly measured by a MSW composition study. Estimation calculations resulted in a potential concentration of APIs from 7.4 to 45 mg/kg of MSW, varying with the percentage of dispensed medications assumed to become unused. Direct measurement resulted in the collection of 22 APIs comprising a total of 22,910 mg. This resulted in a final concentration of 8.1 mg/kg within MSW. Additionally, 45 empty medication containers were collected which potentially contained 33 differing APIs upon disposal.     

Temperature development in a modern municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash landfill with regard to sustainable waste management

Municipal solid waste is treated in incineration plants to reduce the volume, the toxicity and the reactivity of the waste. The final product, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash, was considered as a material with a low reactivity, which can safely be deposited in a MSWI bottom ash landfill, or which can be used, e.g. in road construction after further treatment. However, temperature measurements in MSWI bottom ash landfills showed temperatures up to 90 degrees C, caused by exothermic reactions within the landfill. Such high temperatures may affect the stability of the flexible polymer membrane liner (FML) and may also lead to an accelerated desiccation of the clay barrier. At the beginning of this study it was uncertain whether those reported results would be applicable to modern landfills, because the treatment techniques in MSWI and landfills have changed, bottom and fly ash are stored separately, and the composition of the incinerated waste has changed significantly since the publication of those results.The aim of this study was to gain detailed knowledge of temperature development under standard disposal conditions in relation to the rate of ash disposal, the variation of layer thickness, and the environmental conditions in a modern landfill.Temperatures were measured at nine levels within the body of a landfill for a period of nearly 3 years. Within 7 months of the start of the disposal, a temperature increase of up to 70 degrees C within the vertical centre of the disposal was observed. In the upper and central part of the landfill this initial temperature increase was succeeded by a decrease in temperature. The maximum temperature at the time of writing (May 2000) is about 55 degrees C in the central part of the landfill. The maximum temperature (45.9 degrees C) at the FML was reached 17 months after the start of the deposition. Since then the temperatures decreased at a rate of 0.6 degrees C per month.Temperature variation within each individual layer corresponds to the temperature of the underlying layer and the overall surface-to-volume ratio of the landfill. The temperatures in the uppermost layer are significantly influenced by the ambient temperatures.     

Possible applications for municipal solid waste fly ash

The present study focuses on existing practices related to the reuse of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) fly ash and identifies new potential uses. Nine possible applications were identified and grouped into four main categories: construction materials (cement, concrete, ceramics, glass and glass-ceramics); geotechnical applications (road pavement, embankments); "agriculture" (soil amendment); and, miscellaneous (sorbent, sludge conditioning). Each application is analysed in detail, including final-product technical characteristics, with a special emphasis on environmental impacts. A comparative analysis of the different options is performed, stressing the advantages but also the weaknesses of each option. This information is systemized in order to provide a framework for the selection of best technology and final products. The results presented here show new possibilities for this waste reuse in a short-term, in a wide range of fields, resulting in great advantages in waste minimization as well as resources conservation.     

Process kinetics of inoculation composting of municipal solid waste

A method was used to improve the composting efficiency by seeding with Inoculum A (a blend of Bacillus azotofixams, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus), Inoculum B (a blend of effective cellulolytic strains, i.e. Trichoderma koningii, Streptomyces cellulosae, and White-rot fungi), and Inoculum C (a mixture of Inoculum A and Inoculum B). There were four runs: the control run (not inoculated), Run A, Run B and Run C. During the runs, parameters such as temperature, O2, CO2 and H2S emissions, and microbial concentration were investigated to study the efficiencies of inoculation composting. The maximum oxygen uptake rates in the control run, Run A, Run B and Run C were calculated as 0.22, 0.32; 0.28 and 0.34 mol/hkg while the corresponding total O2 quantities accumulated were 511.18, 684.57, 659.74 and 778.47 g/hkg, respectively. In addition, odorous gases were highly reduced by inoculation. In order to understand the mechanisms of inoculation composting process, two stages kinetics equations were developed from the viewpoint of microbial kinetics. These equations showed that, in the first stage, microbial concentration was the main limiting factor of the degradation rate. The degradation rates in control, Run A, Run B and Run C were 10.5, 13.61, 13.08, and 15.671 g/kgh, respectively. In the second stage, the degradation rate was mainly affected by substrate concentration. Although the degradation rates were at almost the same level for both with and without inoculation, inoculation could reduce the half velocity coefficient K(m) and in turn stabilize the composting products efficiently. Therefore, inoculation could improve the efficiency of the composting process.     

Mapping incinerability of municipal solid waste in Indian sub-continent

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - Effective municipal solid waste (MSW) management is essential for sustainable development of a region. Waste management strategies are, consequently,...     

Vitrification of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerator

Fly ash from municipal solid wastes (MSW) incinerators in Korea contains a large amount of toxic materials and requires pertinent treatments. However, since fly ash in Korea has a high chlorine concentration, it is difficult to apply cementation and chemical treatment techniques. In this study, we report the vitrification of fly ash along with the properties of the glasses and leaching characteristics of heavy metal ions.Fly ash can be vitrified by melting at 1500 degrees C for 30 min with the addition of >5 wt.% of SiO2. Glasses showed Vickers hardness of 4000-5000 MPa, bending strength of 60-90 MPa and indentation fracture toughness of approximately 0.9 MPa m(1/2). Glasses also showed the excellent resistance against leaching of heavy metal ions with Cd2+ <0.04 ppm, Cr3+ <0.02 ppm, Cu2+ <0.04 ppm and Pb2+ <0.2 ppm. These results indicate that the vitrification technique is effective for the stabilization and recycling of toxic incinerator fly ash.     

垃圾填埋场的地震响应特性分析

采用二维等效线性有限元程序对典型山谷型填埋场进行非线性动力分析。综合考虑了地基刚度、动荷周期、幅值及填埋体的刚度对填埋场顶部加速度响应特性的影响,从地基基本周期 、地震卓越周期 和填埋场的基本周期 三者相互关系的角度得出了填埋场地震响应的普适性规律：各种影响因素都是通过改变这三个周期的相对大小关系来改变填埋场的响应情况。当 ＝ ＝ 时,填埋场顶部的响应达到最大;如果 ＝ 或者 ＝ ,则填埋场的动力响应值中等;三个周期相差甚远时,填埋场的响应值最小。通常情况下 较大, 较小,对于压得很密实或者填埋时间长久的填埋场,剪切波速增加使 减小;地震幅值的增加,由于材料的非线性使得 和 增加,从而容易使周期接近,而激发较大响应。该结果对填埋场抗震设计有指导意义。     

Internal leachate quality in a municipal solid waste landfill: vertical, horizontal and temporal variation and impacts of leachate recirculation

The aim of this study was to monitor and characterise internal leachate quality at a Finnish municipal solid waste landfill (Lahti, Kujala, in operation for approximately 50 years) to provide information about its horizontal and vertical variation as well as effects of leachate recirculation on leachate quality. The study area (approximately 4 h) of the landfill had 14 monitoring wells for leachate quality monitoring over a 2-year period. The leachate was monitored for COD, BOD, TKN, NH₄–N, Cl, pH and electric conductivity. The results showed high horizontal and vertical variability in leachate quality between monitoring wells, indicating that age and properties of waste, local conditions (e.g., water table) and degradation and dilution processes have a marked effect on local leachate quality. The mean COD values (642–8037 mg/l) and mean BOD/COD ratios (0.08–0.17) from the different monitoring wells were typical of landfills in the methanogenic phase of degradation. The leachate in the monitoring wells was notably more concentrated than the leachate effluent used for leachate recirculation. In the landfill as a whole the effects of the leachate recirculation on leachate quality, although difficult to distinguish from those caused by other factors, appeared to be minor during the study period.