原位复合(Nb-Cr-Ti)C堆焊金属的组织与性能

工业机械设备表层磨损失效非常普遍,堆焊是其最有效的保护方法之一.采用自制焊条,通过对堆焊合金的组织结构设计和成分调整,自行设计了Nb-Cr-Ti系堆焊金属,并堆焊出了耐磨抗裂的合金层.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪器以及磨损试验机等,分析了堆焊层组织结构和性能,探讨了各合金元素在堆焊层中的作用.结果表明:堆焊层组织为混合型马氏体和少量残余奥氏体+弥散分布的复合(Nb-Cr-Ti)C颗粒,低碳马氏体和高碳马氏体数量相当.铌在高温下先析出生成硬质相NbC,碳化物硬质点呈颗粒状弥散分布,使组织细化,也使焊层达到较高的硬度,提高了耐磨性.碳化物的大量弥散析出,使得基相含碳量较低而转变成低碳马氏体,因基相有较高的塑韧性,抗裂性增强.该堆焊层的耐磨性和抗裂性明显优于商用D667焊条.     

一种热锻模具修复用堆焊焊条堆焊层的组织与硬度分析

对一种热锻模具修复用堆焊焊条的堆焊层成分、组织、硬度、热处理后的组织及硬度作了细致分析。焊芯采用H08A的5.0mm焊丝,并在焊条药皮中加入合金元素Ni、Cr和Mo,以向堆焊层中过渡合金元素Ni、Cr和Mo。试验中采用OLYMPUS GX71金相显微镜、Quanta600扫描电子显微镜及Genesis XM2 X射线能谱仪、Philips CM200透射电镜及Hanemann显微硬度计对堆焊层金属进行测试,结果表明,焊态下堆焊层显微组织为粒状贝氏体+少量铁素体,同时有白色马氏体组织存在,热处理后堆焊层显微组织为粒状贝氏体的回火组织+少量铁素体+碳化物。     

5CrMnMo锚链推杆表面堆焊层组织与性能研究

对5CrMnMo锚链推杆表面堆焊层的组织和性能进行了研究,选用性能较母材优良的D322堆焊材料(GB EDRCrMoWV-A1)在失效的5CrMnMo锚链推杆表面堆焊,并对表面堆焊层显微组织、硬度、热稳定性以及耐磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明,D322堆焊材料在焊后350℃退火时得到均匀的针状马氏体;堆焊层硬度为HRC54~55,高于5CrMnMo锚链推杆使用状态硬度,且具有良好热稳定性;堆焊层耐磨性较5CrMnMo提高近一倍,有效地提高了锚链推杆的使用寿命。     

再制造大型热轧支承辊的堆焊层开裂失效分析

针对再制造大型热轧支承辊堆焊层的服役早期开裂现象,通过检测分析堆焊层硬度、显微组织和断口形貌,确定堆焊层开裂失效机制是低周接触疲劳破坏.由于堆焊层内残余奥氏体含量过多,马氏体相含量相对不足,堆焊金属低硬度、低强度,降低了再制造热轧支承辊面堆焊层的抗接触疲劳性能.通过高温回火热处理促使堆焊层残余奥氏体向马氏体转变,调控辊...     

CrMoV合金堆焊层组织结构及抗冲蚀磨损性能研究

采用手工电弧焊工艺在20钢基体表面制备CrMoV合金堆焊层进行相组成、显微组织、耐冲蚀磨损性能及冲蚀磨损机理研究。结果表明,堆焊层数增加母材稀释率减小,堆焊层显微组织主要为马氏体、残余奥氏体及合金碳化物。第二、三堆焊层显微硬度最高,堆焊层平均显微硬度达780 HV,为基体硬度的4倍多。在所有冲蚀角度范围内,CrMoV合金堆焊层耐泥沙冲蚀磨损性能优于20钢;冲蚀角度小于30°时冲蚀磨损机制以微切削为主,大于30°时以疲劳损伤及局部塑性变形为主;砂粒粒径增加,堆焊层及20钢的冲蚀磨损率均有所增加,但不与粒径的增加值成正比。     

钒铁含量对(Ti,V)C增强铁基激光熔覆层的影响

利用激光熔覆钛铁、钒铁和石墨的混合物,在铁基上获得了原位自生增强相MC型碳化物颗粒。采用X射线衍射仪、电子探针技术和透射电镜对该碳化物进行分析,结果表明,该化合物为(Ti,V)C复合增强相。钒铁的添加量影响熔覆层内增强相(Ti,V)C的形态和数量,最终会引起熔覆层硬度和耐磨性的变化。钒铁数量的增加与熔覆层的性能变化呈非线性关系。含有增强相(Ti,V)C的熔覆层的耐磨性能相比基体得到了显著提高。     

热输入对金属基复合涂层中(Nb,Ti)C颗粒分布及性能的影响

目的 热输入对复合碳化物的析出、分布及耐磨性能具有重要影响。然而,目前热输入对碳化物增强金属基复合堆焊层组织结构与性能方面影响的研究较少。因此,需要探究焊接热输入对(Nb,Ti)C增强金属基复合堆焊层组织及耐磨性的影响,明确(Nb,Ti)C复合颗粒在堆焊层的作用机制。方法 采用Ar保护气体进行堆焊涂层的制备,通过调节堆焊电流和电压,研究不同热输入下堆焊层的形貌、组织及耐磨性能。结果 堆焊层中Ti元素与C元素优先发生了原位反应,生成了以TiC为形核中心的(Nb,Ti)C复合碳化物,弥散分布在马氏体基体组织上。随着热输入的增大,析出的(Nb,Ti)C颗粒数量逐渐减少,块状(Nb,Ti)C尺寸也逐渐变小。采用较低的热输入时,堆焊层硬度达到最高,为734.88HV0.5;随着堆焊热输入的增大,堆焊层的显微硬度呈降低趋势。具有较多(Nb,Ti)C的低热输入试样耐磨性能最佳,磨损量为0.80 mg;而具有较少(Nb,Ti)C的高热输入试样产生了严重的黏着磨损,磨损量较低热输入试样增大了约144%。结论 在摩擦磨损过程中,高硬度的(Nb,Ti)C颗粒会对基体起保护作用,可以提升其耐磨性能,且耐磨损性...     

等离子原位合成Fe-Cr-V-C堆焊合金的耐磨性

采用等离子堆焊技术制备了不同Cr含量的Fe-Cr-V-C堆焊合金,借助扫描电镜和X射线衍射等分析手段研究了碳化物形貌及合金物相组成。同时研究了Cr含量对合金硬度和耐磨性的影响,并探讨了磨损机理。结果表明:堆焊合金组织由马氏体、铁素体、奥氏体、M7C3及VC组成。合金中随着Cr含量的提高,由于硬质相M7C3和VC的数量及形态变化不大,而具有高硬度的针状马氏体基体组织的减少使得合金的耐磨性先降低,当达到一定值后继续增加Cr含量,M7C3的数量逐渐增多,因而耐磨性随后增大;当Cr含量达到27.2%(质量分数)时,大量高硬度六边形M7C3复合物(约HV1200)结合一定量VC(约HV1600)颗粒构成坚实的耐磨骨架,使得合金具有最佳的耐磨性。     

Q245钢表面等离子堆焊Fe-Cr-Ti-C层的组织与耐磨性能

为了研制一种铁基耐磨复合材料,采用等离子堆焊技术制备了3组Fe-Cr-Ti-C系合金堆焊层.在MLS-23型湿砂橡胶轮式磨损试验机上进行磨粒磨损试验,采用JSM-6360LV型扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和布鲁克D8型衍射仪等技术,观察了堆焊层的组织、碳化物形貌及磨损形貌,探讨了磨损机理.结果表明:随着堆焊层中Ti含量的提高,其组织由奥氏体加铁素体向马氏体转变,碳化物TiC及M7C3等硬质相的数量逐渐增多、且分布弥散均匀;当Ti含量为9.67％时,TiC和M7C3硬质相均匀弥散分布在具有较强韧性的板条马氏体中,堆焊层显现出优良的耐磨损性能.     

Mo含量对碳弧堆焊Fe-Cr-C-Mo-B耐磨层组织和性能的影响

目前,对Fe-Cr-C-Mo-B合金堆焊技术研究报道较少.采用碳弧焊方法,在Q235钢表面堆焊Fe-Cr-C-Mo-B合金层,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析了堆焊层的组织结构、形貌及成分.采用摩擦磨损试验研究了堆焊层的耐磨性,探讨了不同Mo含量对堆焊层组织和性能的影响.结果表明:Mo含量为0～2.5％(质量分数)时,堆焊层组织主要为亚共晶组织,Mo含量为4.0％时,组织中出现了少量大块状初生碳化物,有向过共晶转变的趋势;堆焊层组织主要为马氏体、铁素体、珠光体,碳化物主要为Cr7C3,Ch3C6以及B4C;随着Mo含量的增加,堆焊层的硬度增加,堆焊层的磨损失重呈减小趋势,Mo含量为4.0％时硬度达到最大值62.5 HRC,磨损失重最小,堆焊层划痕最浅,耐磨性最好.     

Effect of simultaneous addition of ferroniobium and ferrotitanium on properties of hardfacing

The slag-free self-shielded flux-cored wire with simultaneous addition of ferroniobium (Fe-Nb) and ferrotitanium (Fe-Ti) was developed to fabricate the iron-based hardfacing alloys. The transfer coefficients of Nb and titanium of slag-free self-shielded flux-cored wire were 91.2 and 63.8%, respectively. The changes in microstructures indicate that Nb and Ti addition shifted the carbon concentration in the remaining liquid to one corresponding to the near eutectic state owing to the formation of (Nb, Ti)C which consumed carbon. The wear loss of the hardfacing alloy with 18?wt-% Fe-Nb and 6?wt-% Fe-Ti addition was the smallest among all the alloys owing to the formation of reinforced uniform quadrangle-shaped (Nb, Ti)C carbides in the refined microstructure and the highest hardness.     

Microstructure and properties of the TiC/Fe-based alloy hardfacing layers

TiC/Fe-based alloy hardfacing layers were obtained by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), in which H08A bare electrode was coated with a powder mixture of ferrotitanium, rutile, graphite, calcium carbonate and calcium fluoride. TiC particles are produced by direct metallurgical reaction between ferrotitanium and graphite during welding. The particles of TiC with cubic shape are distributed evenly in the Fe-rich matrix in the hardfacing layers, the particle size is about 3–5 μ m. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the hardfacing layers are markedly affected by the amounted of the ferrotitanium and graphite in the coating of the electrode. The wear properties of the hardfacing layers are superior to the substrate AISI 1045 steel. The coefficient of friction data of the hardfacing layers do not show significant fluctuations.     

Research About Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Hardfacing Layer on Cast Iron

It's simple technology to manufacture big trimming die by hardfacing on the base metal of cast iron. The chemical composition, microstructure, hardness, wear resistance and wear mechanism of the hardfacing layer were studied.The experimental results indicate that the hardfacing technology has much more advantages and cheaper than that of traditional process. The chemical composition, microstructure, hardness of the hardfacing metal are all satisfied for manufacturing the big trimming die by welding on cast iron. The wear resistant test of hardfacing layers were carried out by using two different electrodes. The wear resistance of new electrode hardfacing layer is higher than that of normal hardfacing electrode D322. The wear mechanism of hardfacing layer is belongs to abrasive wear model.     

感应熔覆原位自生TiC/Ni基复合涂层的组织与耐磨性研究

为了提高16Mn钢的干滑动磨损耐磨性能,以Ni60、钛粉和石墨粉为原料对16Mn钢表面进行感应熔敷处理,制备出以TiC颗粒为增强相的原位自生复合涂层,利用金相、SEM、XRD等技术分析了涂层的显微组织,在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性.结果表明:涂层中TiC颗粒均匀分布于共晶基体上,整个涂层组织均匀、无气孔、无裂纹;涂层与基材形成了良好的冶金结合,涂层具有很高的硬度,在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下具有优异的耐磨性能.     

Microstructure and wear properties of Fe–TiC surface composite coating by laser cladding

AISI 1045 steel surface was alloyed with pre-placed ferrotitanium and graphite powders by using a 5-kW CO₂ laser. In situ TiC particles reinforced Fe-based surface composite coating was fabricated. The microstructure and wear properties were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, as well as dry sliding wear test. The results showed that TiC carbides with cubic or flower-like dendritic form were synthesized via in situ reaction between ferrotitanium and graphite in the molten pool during laser cladding process. The TiC carbides were distributed uniformly in the composite coating. The TiC/matrix interface was found to be free from cracks and deleterious phase. The coatings reinforced by TiC particles revealed higher wear resistance than that of the substrate.     

Effect of dilution on GTAW Colmonoy 6 (AWS NiCr–C) hardface deposit made on 316LN stainless steel

Abstract

Nickel based Colmonoy 6 (conforming to AWS NiCr–C) hardfacing alloy finds application in hardfacing of various components made of austenitic stainless steel (SS) used in fast reactors. Owing to considerable difference in melting points of the SS and Colmonoy 6 alloys, significant dilution from substrate occurs during hardfacing using gas tungsten arc welding process. Dilution has a significant effect on microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the deposit. To overcome the adverse effects of dilution on the hardness and, hence, the wear resistance of the deposit, often, the minimum thickness specified for the deposit on hardfaced components is high, which in turn increases the susceptibility of the deposit to cracking during deposition. In the present investigation, microstructure of different layers of multilayer Colmonoy 6 deposits on 316LN SS is characterised by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and the correlation between hardness and microstructure of the individual layers with dilution from the base metal has been established. The dilution from the base material is the highest in the first layer, and it progressively decreases in the subsequent layers. With progressive decrease in dilution, the precipitate fraction increases from about 16 to 20% from the first to the fifth deposit layers. This is accompanied by hardness increase from about 480 to 800 HV. The precipitates in the deposit consist of both borides and carbides, with the boride content varying more with dilution than the carbide content. The boride fraction increased from 5 to 8% with a decrease in dilution; however, layer to layer variation in carbide fraction was only marginal at about 11–12%. High dilution from the base material suppresses the formation of borides in the deposit and is responsible for low hardness of the deposit diluted with the austenitic SS compared to those of the undiluted deposit.     

TiC含量对WC-TiC-TaC硬质合金材料微观组织及力学性能的影响

本研究采用真空热压烧结技术, 在1600℃下制备了WC-TiC-TaC硬质合金材料, 研究了TiC含量对其微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明, 随着TiC含量的增多, 硬质合金材料的晶粒显著增大。当TiC的含量从10wt% 增加到25wt%时, 硬质合金材料的硬度逐渐增大, 最高可达19.81 GPa, 这是由于TiC的硬度高于基体WC的硬度; 与此同时, 硬质合金材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧度逐渐减小。当TiC的含量为10wt%时, 材料的抗弯强度有最大值, 其值为1147.24 MPa, 这是由于在材料内部形成了均匀、细小的晶粒组织; 在此含量下, 复合材料的增韧机理为细晶增韧、裂纹偏转、裂纹分支、裂纹桥接和韧窝增韧, 其断裂韧度有最大值, 为14.60 MPa·m^1/2。     

Reactive sintering mechanism of Ti + Mo<Subscript>2</Subscript>C and Ti + VC powder compacts

TiC reinforced Ti-matrix composites have been synthesized successfully by reactive sintering of Ti-1.5%Fe-2.25%Mo (wt%) powder compacts with addition of Mo₂C and VC particles. The reactions for the formation of TiC particles start at 600 °C, but the distribution of TiC particles and the densification behavior in the two compacts are significantly influenced by the metal carbides (Mo₂C or VC). The compact with addition of Mo₂C has a relative density of 98% after sintering at 1300 °C for 1.5 h, but TiC particles are agglomerated in the Ti matrix. The compact with addition of VC has a relative density of about 91% after sintering at 1300 °C for 1.5 h, but TiC particles distribute more homogenously in the Ti matrix. Different TiC particle distribution and densification behaviors are attributed to the reaction rates between Ti and metal carbides and the subsequent diffusion process.