A fully redundant decimal adder and its application in parallel decimal multipliers

Decimal hardware arithmetic units have recently regained popularity, as there is now a high demand for high performance decimal arithmetic. We propose a novel method for carry-free addition of decimal numbers, where each equally weighted decimal digit pair of the two operands is partitioned into two weighted bit-sets. The arithmetic values of these bit-sets are evaluated, in parallel, for fast computation of the transfer digit and interim sum. In the proposed fully redundant adder (VS semi-redundant ones such as decimal carry-save adders) both operands and sum are redundant decimal numbers with overloaded decimal digit set [0, 15]. This adder is shown to improve upon the latest high performance similar works and outperform all the previous alike adders. However, there is a drawback that the adder logic cannot be efficiently adapted for subtraction. Nevertheless, this adder and its restricted-input varieties are shown to efficiently fit in the design of a parallel decimal multiplier. The two-to-one partial product reduction ratio that is attained via the proposed adder has lead to a VLSI-friendly recursive partial product reduction tree. Two alternative architectures for decimal multipliers are presented; one is slower, but area-improved, and the other one consumes more area, but is delay-improved. However, both are faster in comparison with previously reported parallel decimal multipliers. The area and latency comparisons are based on logical effort analysis under the same assumptions for all the evaluated adders and multipliers. Moreover, performance correctness of all the adders is checked via running exhaustive tests on the corresponding VHDL codes. For more reliable evaluation, we report the result of synthesizing these adders by Synopsys Design Compiler using TSMC 0.13 μm standard CMOS process under various time constrains.     

办公设备待机能耗节能研究

本文采用实证研究的方法对某地区4家典型企业办公设备使用情况进行了调查,结果显示办公室设备待机能耗巨大,有着广阔的节能空间,并提出了降低待机能耗的措施。     

A simplified energy consumption model for fiber-based Next Generation Access Networks

ICTs account nowadays for 2% of total carbon emissions. However, in a time when strict measures to reduce energy consumption in all the industrial and services sectors are required, the ICT sector faces an increase in services and bandwidth demand. The deployment of Next Generation Networks (NGN) will be the answer to this new demand and specifically, the Next Generation Access Networks (NGANs) will provide higher bandwidth access to users. Several policy and cost analysis are being carried out to understand the risks and opportunities of new deployments, though the question of which is the role of energy consumption in NGANs seems off the table. Thus, this paper proposes a model to analyze the energy consumption of the main fiber-based NGAN architectures, i.e. Fiber To The House (FTTH) in both Passive Optical Network (PON) and Point-to-Point (PtP) variations, and FTTx/VDSL. The aim of this analysis is to provide deeper insight on the impact of new deployments on the energy consumption of the ICT sector and the effects of energy consumption on the life-cycle cost of NGANs. The paper presents also an energy consumption comparison of the presented architectures, particularized in the specific geographic and demographic distribution of users of Spain, but easily extendable to other countries.     

医院电力系统智能监控平台在能耗中的应用

智能电力系统主要体现在智能,在医院中智能电力系统主要以数字电力系统为主,它主要表现为信息化、自动化。通过对数据的采集分析,以及反馈传输运行。其中医院智能电力系统优点在于,(1)通过医院的生产数据,在线监测数据,能源消费信息系统数据的统计分析,发现医院用能系统能耗关键点,建立科室、楼层、人员能耗标杆,评估科室、楼层、人员节能潜力。节能方面能高效的管理电力效益,促进能源的高效利用(2)及时性方面,在出现故障是能及时处理,保障电力配送的可靠性。     

A fully integrated 2.4 GHz CMOS high power amplifier using parallel class A&B power amplifier and power-combining transformer for WiMAX application

A new structure integrated power amplifier with watt-level output power is presented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process for WiMAX applications. A parallel cascode class A&B power amplifier with optimized widths is proposed to increase linearity and efficiency simultaneously. A novel interleaved PCT power combiner is proposed for increasing output power that combines output current of two similar class A&B power amplifiers. Proposed interleaved transformer heightens coupling factor compared to typical transformer.     

面向蓄电池的多输入源低功耗充电电路设计

针对蓄电池的储能问题,提出了一种多输入源且可扩充的高效充电电路和相应的控制算法。该充电电路主要由数字控制单元（DCU）、比较器、基于Dickson电荷泵结构的时钟倍压器（CVD）以及模拟开关组成,可以对多个独立能量采集器（EH）进行电能收集。该系统支持通过热插拔方式扩充任意数量的EH。提出的控制算法可以将从各个EH采集到的能量传递到能量储存装置而不会互相干扰。采用0.18 μm CMOS工艺对提出电路进行了具体实现。实验结果显示,相比类似的蓄电池充电系统,该充电电路的功耗最低,只需1.72μW的功耗,能够为三个输入源提供高达96.1%的最大充电效率。     

The effect of ICT on energy consumption and economic growth in South Asian economies: An empirical analysis

This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on economic performance and energy consumption of selected South Asian economies i.e. Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka for the period of 1990–2018. For empirical analysis, we employed the bounds testing approach of cointegration and error correction modelling. The findings of the study confirm that, in the long-run, ICT significantly and positively contributed to the economic growth of India only. Similarly, India is the only country in South Asia that has achieved energy efficiency as a result of increased use of ICT. However, energy consumption proved to be an important determinant of GDP per capita in India and Pakistan. Also, GDP per capita has a positive and significant impact on energy consumption in both India and Pakistan. These results imply that South Asian economies try to follow their regional partner, India, in increasing the role of ICT in their economies, which on one side will boost their economic growth and on the other side will help them in achieving energy efficiency. Moreover, the energy conservation policy could prove detrimental to South Asian economies.     

A comparative study of glitch-free true single-phase clocked D flip-flop circuits at low supply voltage

This paper investigates the characteristics and performances of several true single-phase clocked (TSPC) D flip-flops (D-FFs) at low supply voltage. We propose a new glitch-free D-FF for low-voltage operation. Since the dynamic power consumption in CMOS is proportional to V_dd², decreasing the supply voltage yields a large reduction in power consumption. The main design objectives for these circuits are glitch-free operation and low power consumption at low supply voltage. The proposed D-FF circuit has been compared with previously known circuits and has been shown to provide superior performance. All circuits in this paper have been simulated using HSPICE with a 0.4-μm CMOS technology at a 2-V supply voltage. An analysis of a serial pipeline multiplier design establishes the superiority of the proposed circuit in that application.     

A Ka-band low power consumption MMIC core chip for T/R modules

This paper presents a Ka-band low power consumption MMIC core chip using commercial 0.15 μm D-mode GaAs pHEMT technology for T/R modules. The core chip consists of two linear gain amplifiers, a SPDT switch, a 5-bit attenuator and a 5-bit phase shifter with a size of 4.8 mm × 2.5 mm. In the receiving mode, the 32–38 GHz core chip results in a gain of 9.0 dB and an output P_1dB of –3 dBm. In the transmitting mode, the gain and output P_1dB are 11.5 dB and +0 dBm, respectively. The measured rms attenuation error and phase error are 0.7 dB and 3.8°. The power consumption is 150 mW in both work modes. The measured results show that the operating bandwidth, power consumption, gain, rms attenuation error and phase error have been significantly improved compared with the previous reports.     

FPGA设计中功耗的分析与仿真

FPGA的应用越来越广泛,随着制造工艺水平的不断提升,越来越高的器件密度以及性能使得功耗因数在FPGA设计中越来越重要。器件中元件模块的种类和数量对FPGA设计中功耗的动态范围影响较大,对FPGA的电源功耗进行了分析,并介绍了如何利用Altera公司的PowerPlay Early Power Estimator这一工具在设计前期尽可能准确地估计功耗并通过估计功耗对硬件设计进行优化选择。     

Preliminary study on impact of building materials on energy consumption of mobile communication

This article calculates the effect of changing building materials' permittivity and conductivity on electromagnetic wave transmission property analyses the power control strategy in mobile communication system, then sums up the relationship between the change of building materials' permittivity and conductivity and energy consumption in mobile communication system, and then points out the necessity of developing functional materials which can easily transmit electromagnetic wave to reduce energy consumption and electromagnetic pollution, so a new energy saving method by improving wave transmission property to reduce energy consumption of mobile communication is advanced.     

基于用户体验质量和系统能耗的异构网络联合接入选择和功率分配策略

为了解决无线网络能耗和用户体验质量的问题,提出了一种应用于异构无线网络环境的基于多目标优化的联合接入选择和功率分配策略。该策略以最小化系统整体能耗和最大化用户平均体验质量为目标,建立了多目标优化联合分配模型,通过差分进化算法得到联合分配模型的最优解集,并结合 TOPSIS 的方法从最优解集中得到折中的联合分配方案。仿真结果表明,本文所提的策略能够有效地降低系统能耗,并提升用户整体的服务体验。     

Energy scavenging and power management in networks of autonomous microsensors

Networks of autonomous microsensors promise to revolutionize the way people interact with electronics, enabling ambient intelligence. In this paper we investigate different energy scavenging options in real applications to find out which devices are more suitable to power a microsensor having a volume of only 100 mm³. Photovoltaic cells are the most promising power generators when a power level of 100 μW is required. If the power consumption can be reduced to about 10 μW, MEMS-based vibration-driven scavengers and thermoelectric generators can also be used.

The paper presents as well a power management architecture that enables the use of a scavenger as power source, and discusses some consequences of the limited available volume on power electronics.     

工艺路线对TFT工厂能源消耗的影响

为了在TFT工厂的设计、建设及运营阶段采取有针对性的节能降耗措施,有效降低器件制备过程中的能耗,本文根据我院多年从事TFT生产线节能评估工作的经验数据,针对不同技术路线,选取具有代表性的TFT-LCD及AMOLED生产线,并对其能耗进行对比分析,以讨论不同技术路线对TFT-LCD及AMOLED显示器件生产能耗的影响。分析结果表明:阵列制备是最主要用能工序,其制备复杂程度可采用光罩次数(Mask)表征。随着光罩次数的增加,器件制造对电力、氮气、新鲜水等能源及耗能工质的需求呈急剧增长:采用10-13Mask技术的LTPS及AMOLED显示器件,其综合能耗达到a-Si及Oxide技术路线的约350%之多;在不同技术路线下,电力均为最主要的用能需求,其消耗量占总能耗的80%~87%。能耗的增加导致用能成本的大幅上升。在国家大力提倡绿色经济的环境下,建议各大厂商采取科学有效的能耗管控措施,以降低能源消耗及用能成本,实现产业的健康可持续发展。     

A study of repetitive news display and news consumption in Korea

The shift to online news consumption has weakened the direct relationship between readers and news publishers. News publishers now depend on the number of clicks and comments on their news to increase their revenues. Repetitive news display or news abusing is used extensively by Korean news publishers to draw consumers’ attention to their content. This study examines the factors causing news abusing in Korea. We analyze the factors that affect both news abusing frequency and intensity, and examine how they vary in both intra-media and inter-media contexts. We empirically test the relationship between the number of clicks (comments on the news posted) and the abusing frequency of the news article (abusing intensity of the news article). Finally, we try to identify the differences in the relationships between the effects of news abusing and the number of clicks and comments based on news abusing patterns and news article types.     

Game of energy consumption balancing in heterogeneous sensor networks

In a multi‐hop sensor network, sensors largely rely on other nodes as a traffic relay to communicate with targets that are not reachable by one hop. Depending on the topology and position of nodes, some sensors receive more relaying traffic and lose their energy faster. Such imbalanced energy consumption may lead to server problems like network partitioning. In this paper, we study the problem of energy consumption balancing (ECB) in heterogeneous sensor networks by assuming general any‐to‐any traffic pattern. We consider both factors of transmission power and forwarding load in measuring energy consumption. To find a solution, we formulate the problem as a strategic network formation game with a new utility function. We show that this game is guaranteed to converge to strongly connected topologies which have better ECB and bounded inefficiency. We propose a localized algorithm in which every node knows only about its k‐hop neighbourhood. Through simulations on uniform and clustered networks with various densities, we show that the performance of our algorithm is comparable with global and centralized algorithms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of ICT development on economic growth and energy consumption in Japan

A strongly held belief in Japan is that information and communication technologies (ICT) contribute to both a reduction in energy use and an increase in economic growth. As this assertion is presently unproven, the purpose of this analysis is to estimate the long-run relationship between ICT, energy consumption, and economic growth in Japan. Using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, we estimate two different multivariate models corresponding to the production function and the energy demand function, both including ICT investment as an explanatory variable, over the period 1980–2010. The results reveal the presence of a long-run stable relationship, not only for the production function, but also for the energy demand function. However, in the production function, the long-run coefficient estimate for ICT investment is statistically insignificant, unlike the coefficients for labor, stock, and energy. In the case of the energy demand function, the coefficients for GDP, energy price, and ICT investment are statistically significant. The results also indicate that the long-run ICT investment elasticity of energy consumption is −0.155. On this basis, we conclude that while ICT investment could ceteris paribus contribute to a moderate reduction in energy consumption, but not to an increase in GDP.     

低功耗有机/无机混合结构热光开关的研制

利用聚合物材料SU-8作为芯层、聚合物材料PMMA作为上包层和无机材料SiO2作为下包层,设计并研制了一种有机/无机混合结构的Mach-Zehnder干涉(MZI)热光(TO)开关。为了保证波导中的单模传输、减小模式辐射损耗和衬底泄露损耗、缩短响应时间并降低器件功耗,对其结构参数做了优化。利用化学气相沉积(CVD)、涂膜和湿法刻蚀等工艺制备了器件样品。在1 550nm工作波长下,器件的开和关状态的驱动功率分别为0和13mW(开关功率为13mW),开和关状态间的消光比为18.3dB。在方波驱动电压信号作用下,测得器件的上升和下降时间分别为126和134μs。与无机材料Si/SiO2和全聚合物材料研制的TO开关相比,本文研制的混合结构器件综合利用了芯层聚合物材料热光系数大、上/下缓冲层厚度均较小以及Si/SiO2导热系数大的优点,因此同时具备了较低的功耗和较快的响应时间,在光通信系统中具有较好的应用前景。     

电力电子技术在新能源领域中应用探究

为了促进新能源的充分利用,解决能源需求量大问题,借助电力电子技术,对非电力能源有效转化,促进不同资源的电力转化能力,在本文中笔者就电力电子技术在新能源领域中的应用进行探究,     

庭院式建筑对空调夏季新风能耗的影响

通过定点实测探讨了庭院内和周边外部环境的关系,测量数据表明,庭院式建筑将炎热的夏季户外环境转化为相对温和的局部微环境,由此使新风能耗相对于非庭园式建筑下降了19%~30%.