DMSO对纤维素在咪唑型离子液体中溶解性能的影响

本文通过向传统离子液体中添加助溶剂DMSO来增强离子液体对纤维素的溶解效果。系统研究了DMSO添加量对纤维素溶解性能的影响,结果表明50℃下随着DMSO添加量的增大,纤维素的溶解程度增加,当DMSO添加量为50%时溶解效果最佳。采用电导率测试研究了DMSO与离子液体的作用机理,并通过FT-IR、XRD、TGA、SEM以及力学性能测试等方法对添加不同量DMSO溶剂溶解再生后的纤维素膜进行了分析,结果表明添加DMSO后溶剂仍为纤维素的直接溶剂,溶解再生后纤维素晶型由Ⅰ转变为Ⅱ型,并且随着DMSO添加量的增加,溶剂对纤维素分子链及结晶区的破坏能力增大,从而导致再生纤维素结晶度、抗拉强度及聚合度相对纯离子液体再生的有所降低。     

离子液体中再生纤维素纤维的制备及表征

以离子液体为溶剂,采用干喷-湿纺法制备再生纤维素纤维,通过正交设计和系统试验考察了气隙长度、喷头拉伸比、凝固浴浓度和凝固浴温度等工艺参数对再生纤维素纤维力学性能的影响,探究了该体系的最佳纺丝工艺条件,并对此条件下的产物进行表征分析。结果表明,对于该体系,纺丝工艺参数中凝固浴浓度和拉伸比对纤维的拉伸强度、初始模量的影响较大,凝固浴温度对纤维断裂伸长影响较大。此外,最佳工艺条件下制备的再生纤维素纤维具有较高的结晶度,较好的热稳定性及光洁的表面形态。     

消息报道

化学所制备出再生纤维素/碳纳米管复合纤维在国家自然科学基金委、科技部和中科院化学所分子科学中心的支持下,化学所工程塑料院重点实验室的研究人员,以离子液体为介质,制备出了再生纤维素/碳纳米管复合纤维,该纤维具有力学性能优异、高温模量保持率高以及热烧蚀残炭率高等特点。在前期研究中,该实验室研究人员发现一类新型离子液体对纤维素具有优异的溶解性能。通过流变学研究,发现该类离子液体和碳纳米管之间具有较强的相互作用,有利于碳纳米管在离子液体中的分散。在此基础上,研究人员以离子液体为介质,首先制备纤维素/碳纳米管的离子液…     

新型CO2可逆离子液体体系制备纤维素膜的结构与性能

以新型CO2可逆离子液体CO2/DBU/DMSO体系经溶解、沉积制备出纤维素膜,系统探究了沉积浴的种类、溶剂组成及溶解时间对纤维素膜结构与性能的影响。研究表明,经该体系充分溶解并水沉积得到的纤维素膜具有Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型结晶并存的结构,与原纤维素的固有结晶结构相近。所得纤维素膜具有良好的力学性能,拉伸强度达到55.9MPa,断裂伸长率为9%。因此,新型CO2可逆离子液体体系的运用,为简便易行制备性能良好的纤维素膜提供了重要的技术途径。     

[BMIM]Cl离子液体中壳聚糖/纤维素纤维的制备及性能

以[BMIM]Cl离子液体为溶剂,在可控的条件下,将棉纤维与壳聚糖进行共混,采用湿法成型技术,制备了不同质量比的壳聚糖/纤维素纤维复合材料.并通过力学测试、红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对其结构、性能进行了分析.结果表明,随着壳聚糖加入量的增加,纤维的取向度和结晶度下降,纤维的断裂强度下降,复合纤维表...     

有机溶剂/离子液混合体系对纤维素溶解性能的影响

建立低粘度的离子液体与质子型有机溶剂混合体系,考察纤维素在该体系中的溶解性。结果表明,3种有机溶剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)都有助于降低混合体系的粘度,当有机溶剂质量分数为20%时,混合体系粘度下降50%。纤维素在质量分数为20%的二甲基亚砜/1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐混合体系(DMSO/[Emim]Ac)中溶解性最佳,高聚合度(DP 1460)的松木纤维90℃下的溶解度从未添加DMSO时的5.0g/100g提高到7.5g/100g,溶解时间减少;红外光谱证实,DMSO/[Emim]Ac混合体系为纤维素的非衍生化试剂,X衍射表明,松木纤维经过溶解再生后发生了从纤维素Ⅰ型到纤维素Ⅱ型的晶型转变。     

增强型纤维素中空纤维膜的研究

采用二维编织技术将二醋酸长丝制成中空管状编织物,以NMMO/DMSO混合物为溶剂,以水溶性聚合物为成孔剂,调制浓度为4%(质量分数)的纤维素铸膜液,采用共挤出纺丝技术制备了以中空管状编织物为增强体、纤维素为表面分离层的增强型纤维素中空纤维膜(RC膜)。研究结果表明,混合溶剂中DMSO的加入降低了铸膜液黏度,提高了膜的纯水通量;随凝固浴温度提高,表面分离层中海绵状孔结构变得松散,膜的纯水通量提高,向凝固浴中加入DMSO对膜通透性能的影响相对较小;从改善膜的通透性角度出发,添加成孔剂聚乙二醇优于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;RC膜的力学性能在很大程度上取决于增强体;为保持增强体与表面分离层之间较好的界面结合状态,膜应在湿态下保存。     

离子液体对纤维素溶解性能的研究进展

纤维素是自然界含量最丰富的可再生资源,开发一种具有应用前景、环境友好、生物可降解的新型绿色溶剂成为近年来的一项主要任务。离子液体作为纤维素的非衍生化溶剂,在纤维素研究中呈现出了良好的发展态势。综述了国内外离子液体对纤维素溶解、再生的近期研究成果,分析了纤维素在溶解过程中存在的问题,并探讨了纤维素的溶解机理,提出了离子液体溶解纤维素的发展方向。     

两步溶解法制备纤维素/[BM IM]Cl体系的再生纤维素纤维

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)为溶剂,采用间接溶解法(即先在含水[BMIM]Cl中溶胀后再减压蒸馏去除多余的水使之溶解)制备了纤维素/[BMIM]Cl纺丝液,通过干湿法纺丝制得再生纤维素纤维。探讨了纺丝速度对纤维的结构与性能的影响,研究了纤维的热稳定性及表观形态。结果表明,随着纺丝速度的提高,喷头拉伸比增大,纤维素大分子取向度和结晶度提高,聚集态结构更加完善,纤维的平均微孔孔径逐渐减小,纤维的力学性能相应提高。此外,再生纤维素纤维具有较好的热稳定性及光洁的表面形态。     

无机盐/离子液体对再生纤维素结构与性能的影响

合成了一种离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑亚磷酸甲酯盐([Amim][(MeO)PHO_2]),这种离子液体能很好地溶解纤维素,并加入与其阴离子结构类似的无机盐亚磷酸氢二钠(Na_2PHO_3)组成复合溶解体系。文中研究了离子液体和复合体系对纤维素结构与性能的影响,通过对原生和再生纤维素展开红外光谱、热重分析、X射线衍射及聚合度的测试表征,结果显示再生纤维素没有发生衍生化,但热稳定性和结晶度及聚合度均比原生纤维素低,且随着复合溶解体系中Na_2PHO_3含量的增大,从中再生出来的纤维素的聚合度越高、热降解温度越高、结晶度越低。这种结果可能是由于无机盐的加入降低了离子液体对纤维素的酸降解而导致的。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to