双端磁耦合式压电振动俘能器结构设计

现有的非线性压电俘能器的输出功率提升主要通过改变俘能器的结构或引入非线性元素,但这些方法在提高俘能结构的输出功率,拓宽俘能器的俘能频带方面能力受限。该文设计了一种双端磁耦合式悬臂梁结构压电俘能结构,在利用永磁体引入非线性元素的基础上优化俘能结构,进一步提高系统的输出电压,拓宽俘能频带。通过将悬臂梁俘能结构等效为复杂边界条件的悬臂梁,推导磁耦合式悬臂梁结构的工作状态方程,并得到磁耦合式悬臂梁俘能结构的输出电压与永磁铁间距的关系,并通过实验测试进行验证。结果表明,在永磁体间距为5mm时,压电俘能结构获得最大的输出功率,在最佳的永磁铁间距和负载电阻下,双端压电磁耦合式悬臂梁的输出功率可达传统悬臂梁式压电俘能结构的1.5倍,谐振频率下降约7Hz。     

多向振动俘能器设计及能量收集实验研究

针对线性、单一的振动能量俘能器存在工作频带狭窄、只能采集单向振动等问题,该文提出了一种适应货运列车等多向振动应用场景的新型多向振动俘能装置,以增强对环境中振动能量的俘获。该装置结合压电和电磁俘能器,通过螺旋圆柱弹簧和顶端质量有效捕获多向振动,并通过磁力传递振动能量至压电梁。合理设计了弹簧-质量结构,使其在较低的频率范围内可实现多种振动模态,拓宽了俘能器的谐振频带。为了充分利用压电材料,采用了变宽度压电悬臂梁,使应力均匀分布。压电梁自由端的永磁体随着压电梁的振动而产生变化的磁场,在线圈中产生感应电压。通过有限元分析和实验测试,验证了复合式俘能器可以采集多向振动能量,并测试了在z向振动激励下压电、电磁及复合式俘能器的最大输出功率。在频率9.5 Hz、z向振幅2 mm的正弦波激励下,复合式俘能器输出最大功率为3.276 mW。该系统在理论上可为低功耗传感器提供持续电力,为机械能收集与能量转换领域提供技术支持。     

压电-电磁复合式俘能器的设计与实验研究

针对现有压电、电磁俘能器不能同时输出大电压和大电流,设计了一种压电-电磁复合式俘能器。根据设计的复合式俘能器结构进行了理论建模,推导出了电压、电流、振幅和输出功率的表达式,并利用Ansys和Ansoft仿真软件对复合式俘能器的输出特性进行了仿真分析。最后通过实验对比分析了压电、电磁与压电-电磁复合式俘能器的输出特性,分析得到在0.6 g(g=10m/s2)加速度作用下,压电-电磁复合式俘能器的最优输出功率比电磁、压电俘能器分别提高了118%、38%,同时3dB带宽可增大67%、25%。     

压电-电磁复合式俘能器设计及能量收集测试

设计了一种压电-电磁复合式俘能器,利用机电耦合状态方程推导了输出功率表达式。应用试验测试对比分析了压电式、电磁式、复合式俘能器的输出特性,结果表明,复合式俘能器的3dB带宽比压电式、电磁式俘能器分别增大了67%、25%,最大功率提高了38%、118%。设计了压电-电磁复合式俘能器能量收集电路,分别利用LTC3588、LTC3108芯片收集压电俘能单元、电磁俘能单元输出的电能,并用超级电容存储。分别应用3种俘能器进行超级电容充电测试,结果表明,复合式俘能器的充电时间比压电式、电磁式俘能器分别减少了29%和52%。     

压电层厚度对d_(15)模式PZT-51悬臂梁俘能特性影响

设计并制作了压电层厚度分别为0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm的d15模式层合串联结构PZT-51压电悬臂梁俘能器。测量了开路和1.0 MΩ负载下,俘能器的振动频率与输出电压和输出功率的关系曲线,以及1.0 MΩ负载时的振动激励电压与输出峰-峰值电压关系曲线。结果表明,随着压电层厚度的减少,压电俘能器的谐振频率降低,输出电压和功率增大。压电层厚度为0.6 mm的压电俘能器具有最大开路输出电压1.69 V,在1.0 MΩ负载下最大输出功率为0.708μW。     

磁力调控驰振压电-电磁复合俘能器设计与研究

为避免驰振俘能器高流速下PZT损坏,使其能在复杂工作环境中具有稳定的输出特性,该文提出了一种利用磁力控制悬臂梁振动幅值的压电-电磁复合俘能器(GPEEH)。引入的非线性磁力可以调控钝体的振幅,提高驰振压电俘能器(PEH)的输出稳定性,改善其对高风速环境的适应性,且能够增加复合俘能器的输出电压。在搭建风洞实验平台和制作实验样机的基础上,研究不同负载电阻、风速、关键结构参数d₀和d₁对俘能器输出特性的影响规律。实验结果表明,当PEH钝体的振幅被磁力限制在一定区间时,钝体的振动频率和速度随着风速的升高而逐渐增加。风速为11.5 m/s时,PEH振动主频率(6.3 Hz)是风速为8.4 m/s时PEH振动主频率(4.3 Hz)的1.4倍。当风速为12 m/s, GPEEH的输出功率为6.18 mW,相较于单一驰振压电俘能器的输出功率提高了47%。其中当风速达到10.5 m/s时,PEH和电磁俘能器(EEH)的输出功率均趋于稳定。     

非线性压电耦合对L型梁俘能器性能的影响

以二自由度的L型梁双稳态压电俘能器为研究对象,研究了非线性压电耦合关系中的一、二次非线性系数对俘能器输出功率和主梁运动的影响。通过对无量纲动力学方程的数值进行了仿真分析,结果表明,当激励幅值较大时,非线性压电耦合对俘能器输出功率和主梁运动有明显的影响;非线性压电耦合系数越大,输出功率越大,而俘能器的振动位移越小。非线性压电耦合的一次非线性系数取正值时,俘能器的响应优于线性耦合时的俘能器响应,取负值,则反之;而无论二次非线性系数取何值,非线性耦合时俘能器的响应都优于线性耦合时俘能器的响应。     

一种冲击式悬臂梁压电俘能器的设计与实验

为提高悬臂梁压电俘能器的俘能效率,提出了一种冲击式悬臂梁压电俘能器。该俘能器包括多个悬臂梁压电振子,可在风力、人体动力能及环境振动能等多种外载荷作用下产生电能。俘能器的核心部件是悬臂梁压电振子,通过冲击实验发现悬臂梁压电振子在周期性冲击载荷作用下拓宽了共振频率,同时提高了输出功率。测试结果显示在频率约为21Hz的方波冲击信号下,外接电阻为50kΩ时,单个悬臂压电俘能器最大输出功率可达0.28mW;当频率分别为5Hz、8.5Hz时,还可分别输出0.07mW和0.17mW的功率,俘能器出现多个峰值电功率。研究表明所设计的冲击式压电俘能器可有效提高俘能效率。     

压电俘能器阻抗匹配分析及实验研究

为了研究负载电阻对压电悬臂梁振动俘能性能的影响,使用有限元法对直接与负载相连的悬臂梁压电振子进行压电-电路耦合分析,得到了负载电阻对压电俘能器谐振频率、输出电压和功率的影响关系,并进行实验验证.研究结果表明,随着外接负载电阻的增大,俘能器谐振频率有所增加,从短路谐振频率到开路谐振频率变化范围可达到2 Hz.此外,负载阻值的大小也会影响俘能器的发电能力,负载电阻越大,输出电压越高,但存在匹配电阻使压电俘能器的输出功率达到最大.因此,通过合理选用负载电阻可实现固有频率微调谐和增加发电能力的目的.     

压电悬臂梁俘能器输出特性仿真分析

为了研究压电俘能器的振动频率、内阻抗、负载及输出功率之间的耦合关系,基于ANSYS APDL软件,对单、双晶串联、双晶并联等多种不同配置方式的压电悬臂梁俘能器进行了压电 电路耦合分析。研究表明,俘能器内阻抗随振动频率呈现非线性变化,在短路谐振频率处达到最小值,在开路谐振处达到最大值;俘能器内、外阻抗匹配时,俘能器输出功率达到最优值;俘能器阻尼较小时,最优输出功率出现在短路谐振与开路谐振处,随着阻尼比逐渐增加,最优输出功率出现在两者之间,且只有一个峰值。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks