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基于排污权银行的太湖流域排污权交易模式探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对太湖流域水质型缺水和水环境污染严重的特点,借鉴国外先进的水环境管理经验,提出整合太湖流域管理局中水资源环境相关管理部门的职能,建立政府宏观调控与市场机制相结合的基于"太湖流域排污权银行"的交易制度,以价格激励机制激发排污企业的主动参与意识;以信息发布制度、排污权转让价格调节机制、排污权交易活动监管、监控等政府宏观调控手段以及公众参与机制,促进流域内有限水环境容量资源的合理流向,化解跨行政区的环境管理属地限制,处理跨行政区的水事纠纷,确保流域水环境保护目标的实现。 相似文献
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排污权是在保持资源环境的再生或更新能力的前提下,排污者对其占有的或公共资源环境的使用、收益或处分的物权利.排污权交易过程首先要确定一个地区的污染物排放总量,然后将排污总量在区域或流域内的各个排污单位之间进行分配,最后当某个企业通过污染物治理削减一定排污量时,可以将削减的排污量出让给自行治污成本较高的企业.通过对水排污权初始分配的计划配置机制和市场配置机制两种水排污权配置手段的详细分析,探讨了不同配置手段下水排污权的交易机制模型,并提出在排污权交易机制的建立健全过程中,必须采用市场配置与政府调控相结合的方式,对这一机制的各个环节进行优化和管理. 相似文献
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我国为进一步加快建立健全水权制度和水价机制,开展水权交易试点工作,因而水权的定价机制成了当前研究的重点。通过对协商定价、招标投标定价和拍卖竞价三种水权转让定价方式进行深入的分析,探讨了其交易方式、价格形成机制以及交易流程。最终提出场内水权价格形成的综合模式,以期充分发挥三种水权价格模式的优势,为我国水权制度的健全和水价机制的形成提供相应的对策建议。 相似文献
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实行排污权交易可提高企业治理污染的积极性,因此受到许多国家的关注。利用现代信息技术进行排污权交易是排污权交易发展的必然趋势。根据经济学理论和方法,以排污权交易为核心,以DSS为重要技术支撑,对排污权交易决策问题进行了研究,提出了排污权网络交易的流转程式、排污权交易方案,开发了具有基本信息管理、污染物排放总量控制、排污权交易、系统管理与维护功能的基于Web的排污权交易决策支持系统(ETDSS)。 相似文献
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基于压力-状态-响应(pressure-state-reponse,PSR)模型和"五水共治"决策构建评价指标体系,应用AHP方法,对浙江省的水环境安全进行测度与评价。结果显示:浙江省水环境安全的PSR评价指数体系中,治污水指数的权重最大,主要污染物排放负荷、规模以上高耗水型行业生产总值比重、工业废水达标排放率等指标的权重相对较高,反映了典型的工业经济活动对水资源环境安全的威胁;PSR评价模型的压力、状态、响应指数变化中,以响应指数增幅最大,而压力、状态指数则显示平稳波动特征,反映了基于工业经济发展背景下相关政府职能部门积极采取应对措施所产生的良好效果。认为在经济快速发展压力下,降低主要污染物排放量、减小规模以上高耗水型行业生产总值比重、提高工业废水排放达标率、增加环保资金投入等,是提高水环境安全的关键点;建议浙江省以"五水共治"为契机,加快产业结构调整升级,降低用水消耗,加大科技与环保投入,改善水环境质量,保证供水能力,实现水环境系统的良性发展。 相似文献
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Herman Bouwer 《国际水资源开发杂志》1993,9(1):13-25
Competition for water can be resolved by construction of more facilities for storing water in wet years for use in dry years, by weather modification, watershed management, urban and agricultural water conservation, reuse of sewage effluent and other wastewater, desalination of saline water, water banking and transfer of water rights or other changes in water use. Reuse of wastewater requires treatment so that the water meets the quality requirements for the intended reuse. Groundwater recharge and recovery can play an important role in the treatment and storage of wastewater for reuse—agricultural, urban, and industrial, as well as potable. Often, water shortages are only shortages of cheap and abundant water, and competition problems can be resolved by good planning and management if the public is willing to pay the price and to accept changes in water use. 相似文献
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This paper describes a decision support methodology for the selection of a wastewater treatment system based on integrated urban water management principles for a remote settlement with failing septic systems. Thirty-two service and treatment technologies options were considered, these included: (i) conventional gravity sewerage, (ii) common effluent drainage, (iii) community sewage treatment plant based on various technology options (lagoon treatment, Living Machine®, sequencing batch reactor, membrane biological reactor, rotating biological contactor, recirculating textile filter, extended aeration) with and without urine separation, greywater diversion or treatment and reuse at household scale. The options were assessed using a framework that considered technical, economic, environmental and social factors relevant to the local community and associated stakeholders (water utility, government agencies) and tools such as engineering design, life cycle assessment and multi-criteria analysis for evaluation of overall sustainability. Adoption of a systems approach allowed the identification of benefits and trade-offs among stakeholders creating opportunities for adoption of more innovative treatment options and maximisation of the sustainability of the service. The treatment option that maximised the social, environmental and economic benefits for the settlement consisted of individual households adopting greywater treatment, storage and reuse, urine separation and a community wastewater treatment plant with recirculating textile filter technology. This solution provided the required sanitation, increased the sources of water supply to residents, satisfied environmental regulator requirements, minimised nitrogen discharge to waterways and provided an option for beneficial reuse of urine for neighbouring farmers at a cost and management needs acceptable to the water utility. 相似文献
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Aspects of municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse for future water resource shortages in Taiwan.
The Water Resources Agency (WRA), Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) has predicted that the annual water demand in Taiwan will reach approximately 20 billion m3 by 2021. However, the present water supply is only 18 billion m3 per year. This means that an additional 2 billion m3 have to be developed in the next 17 years. The reuse of treated wastewater effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants could be one target for the development of new water resources. The responsible government departments already have plans to construct public sewerage systems in order to improve the quality of life of the populace and protect the environment. The treated wastewater effluent from such municipal wastewater treatment plants could be a very stable and readily available secondary type of water resource, different from the traditional types of water resources. The major areas where reclaimed municipal wastewater can be used to replace traditional fresh water resources include agricultural and landscape irrigation, street cleaning, toilet flushing, secondary industrial reuse and environmental uses. However, necessary wastewater reclamation and reuse systems have not yet been established. The requirements for their establishment include water reuse guidelines and criteria, the elimination of health risks ensuring safe use, the determination of the wastewater treatment level appropriate for the reuse category, as well as the development and application of management systems reuse. An integrated system for water reuse would be of great benefit to us all by providing more efficient ways to utilise the water resources. 相似文献
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水的再生利用是破解我国水资源短缺问题的重要途径之一,但是再生水利用对人体健康和环境的影响也是生活污水处理必须面对的挑战,从而受到人们普遍关注。根据我国再生水回用途径和天津市纪庄子再生水厂的出水水质情况,构建了再生水利用风险评价指标体系(包括健康风险指标和生态环境风险指标),并对纪庄子再生水厂的出水与景观用水和地表水分别进行了风险评价,得出再生水用在不同用途时存在的不同环境风险。 相似文献
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在国家享有水资源所有权的背景下,水权是指对水资源使用的权利,即水资源用益物权。结合浙江东阳市和义乌市之间的水权交易,宁夏、内蒙古两自治区"投资节水、转换水权"的跨行业水权转换,以及甘肃张掖农民用水户转让水票等水权交易典型案例,对我国水权市场的性质、水权交易市场的主体及其权利义务进行了分析。另外,针对青海省的水资源实际情况,以柴达木循环经济试验区为例进行了水权交易的可行性分析。 相似文献