南平钽铌矿环境γ辐射监测

钽铌矿开发是伴生放射性矿资源开发利用项目,放射性污染防治是钽铌矿开发的环境保护重点。对南平钽铌矿采选一期工程(600t/d)监测表明,钽铌矿的开发后放射性主要集中在钽铌精矿中,而矿区周围环境γ辐射水平与开发前比较无明显变化。     

γ射线料位计校准方法研究

本文介绍了一种经济、合理而又准确可靠的γ射线料位计校准方法。料位计的测量误差可达到小于± 1 0 %,满足实际生产和动态生产中所需的测量准确度。     

工业γ射线探伤的辐射防护措施

通过对典型工业γ射线探伤室周围的现场监测,将探伤室周围的辐射吸收空气剂量率与GBZ132-2008中规定的剂量限值进行比较,进行了固定式γ射线探伤辐射防护措施的可行性分析。同时通过理论计算得到了使用放射源探伤时无防护措施可能造成的超大辐射剂量照射数据,有效印证了进行有效硬件防护以及与软件措施相结合,就能够在γ射线探伤实践中保护环境和从业人员的安全,同时也为管理部门提供技术支持。     

关于环境空气自动监测质量控制的探讨

环境空气质量的自动监测已从初步发展期进入质量提升期。自动监测系统虽以整体性的仪器及计算机系统构成,但同样易受到认为因素的影响,从而导致监测质量的低效。只有在全面掌握系统信息技术基础上发挥行为主体的主观能动性,加强管理制度完善及工作协调,才能确保自动监测系统的高效、持续运行。     

γ射线照射量基准

中国计量科学研究院建立γ射线照射量基准的研究工作始于1959年，是我国电离辐射计量创始阶段的重要组成部分。现行基准装置设计制造于60年代末70年代初。1975年批准为国家计量基准，负责全国量值统一工作。该基准包括：石墨基准电离室、电离电流测量装置、γ辐射装置及量传检定系统。基准电离室为石墨空腔电离室，电离电流测量装置采用精密空气电容器的汤逊自动补偿线路。在治疗量级和防护量级范围，基准复现γ射线照射量的扩展不确定度为0．62％（足二2）。基准量值稳定性0．3％。1986年曾与美国NIST进行国际比对，两国量值比值为1．005…     

气氛对γ射线辐照氟橡胶降解产物的影响

氟橡胶F2311[偏氟乙烯和三氟氯乙烯（1：1）共聚物]在真空、氮气、空气三种气氛条件下经50－1000kGy剂量γ射线辐照发生降解反应,辐射降解产物用GC－MS、离子选择性有、原子吸收光谱、红外光谱等方法分析测试。产生和H2（在空气气氛中除外）、HF、HCl、CO2等气体的量随剂量的增加而增大;在空气气氛中剂量达到500kGy时产生的H2的量为最大,剂量再增加时逐渐减小;氮气的存在对F2311的幅射降解反应具有一定的抑制作用。F2311辐照后产生－CF＝CH－、－CF＝CF－、＞C＝O等基团。     

环境空气中氟化物监测的质量控制方法探讨

本文从点位布设、样品采集、样品保存、样品分析等环节对监测环境空气中氟化物的质量控制方法进行了探讨,在实际工作中具有很好的操作性。     

γ射线辐射技术制备纳米材料

介绍目前纳米材料的应用情况和制备方法,重点介绍γ射线辐照技术制备纳米材料的原理,以及在CdS、γ-Fe2O3、Cu、络合物等纳米颗粒制备方面的研究新成果,并对γ射线辐照技术制备纳米材料的未来发展情况进行展望。     

软体材料在γ射线条件下的屏蔽性能分析

硅酸凝胶软体材料以其独特的仿生性在核工业机器人领域具有极大的应用前景,而铅（Pb）则对γ射线具有极好的屏蔽效果。因此,该文基于蒙特卡洛方法,采用MCNP软件,模拟计算了硅酸凝胶/铅复合软体材料在4种常见γ射线源下的屏蔽效果。计算结果表明,该材料对0.4 MeV以下的γ射线屏蔽效率高达98%,可达到保证人体安全的辐射防护水平。试验结果验证了模拟计算射线屏蔽效率的准确性,并较好地保持了硅酸凝胶材料的基础特性。研究结果表明,硅酸凝胶/铅复合软体材料在核与辐射安全领域具有良好的应用前景。     

工业锅炉水质监测过程中的质量控制

本文讨论了在用工业锅炉运行水质状况监测过程中,水质分析实验室在人员培训、仪器配置、文件制度建设等方面应注意的问题,以及在样品采集、检测、报告出具等环节应着重把握的一些质量控制点     

室内环境质量标准研究

针对我国现行室内环境质量相关标准已经不能满足人们对室内环境质量的要求,该文综合考虑了影响室内环境质量的化学性、生物性、辐射、声、光、室内用水等因素,提出更为科学合理的室内环境质量标准,包括6大污染类别,共计185项指标,为保障室内环境更加健康、安全、舒适提供技术支撑。     

Mathematically fuzzy approaches to quality control

It is proposed to simulate quality control by means of one out of three fuzzy numbers used in accordance with the circumstances: the tolerance number as a variety of fuzzy interval, the S number in the form of a rectangular sigmoid, and the Z number in the form of a rectangular zetoid. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 18–19, March, 2009.     

预拌混凝土质量控制流程图

为了搞好预拌混凝土的质量,把预拌混凝土生产和交付的全过程分解成若干个子过程,找出其中的质量控制点,实施重点控制,以使混凝土的出厂质量符合顾客要求。为此,特找出各个子过程的质量控制点,以便于管理人员进行重点检查和督促,实现质量管理目标。     

Optimal initial production control period based on a quality growth model

The initial production phase of new products or the initial installation phase of new manufacturing facilities is often unstable because of inexperienced workers and many defective products. An initial production process control, in which the defects in design, production technologies and products are fully fixed and removed, is switched to a normal process control whenever it is ready for actual mass production. This paper discusses a method of deciding the optimal initial production control period, based on a quality growth model. It is determined by the number of products with the minimum expected total quality control cost. Finally a penalty cost due to unattainable loss to the quality goal is introduced in the quality control cost: the realized stabilization level of the initial production process control is lower than the original quality objective. Numerical illustrations of the optimal policy are also presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical monitoring and control of a low defect process

Advanced technologies today are such that it is possible to keep the occurrence of defects in manufactured products at very low levels. The use of the conventional c-chart for statistical control of defects in such products would encounter serious practical difficulties because the low defect counts would render invalid the theoretical assumptions used in the construction of the chart. Based on reasoning with fundamental probability distributions, this paper offers a simple and reliable solution that is particularly suited to on-line inspection and testing operations such as those found in an automated manufacturing environment.     

Using statistical control charts for software quality control

This paper describes the use of Shewhart U charts for controlling software quality while the software is under development. A parallel between the software development process and a complex manufacturing process is developed. This allows the use of statistical control charts to monitor the software development process. The general approach is to let observed defect data represent a sample of the true but unknown state of the entire software project. Software quality data so obtained can be used to derive a meaningful statistical interpretation of the state of the development project. Based upon this interpretation management can take action to improve the overall software quality while in the development stages.     

信息系统的测试与质量控制

根据信息系统质量控制的目标任务,结合实际案例,对其代码级漏洞测试、功能测试、性能测试、问题定位、回归测试和文档评审的测试方法进行描述。使人们了解信息系统的测试方法,并且对信息系统的质量控制有所重视。     

Quality assurance of environmental gamma radiation monitoring in Slovenia

Environmental gamma radiation monitoring established in Slovenia consists of a network of multifunctional gamma monitors (MFMs) based on pairs of Geiger-Müller counters and a network of measuring sites with high-sensitive thermoluminiscence dosemeters. The measuring points are evenly spread across Slovenia, located at the meteorological stations and more densely on additional locations around the Krsko NPP. The MFM network has a 2-fold function with one sensor used for the purpose of early warning system in near surroundings of the NPP and the other, more sensitive, for natural radiation monitoring. The paper summarises activities to establish quality assurance of the environmental gamma radiation measurements in Slovenia, with a critical view of the results in comparison with the international standards and recommendations. While the results of linearity and energy dependence tests were satisfying, on-field intercomparison showed that the inherent signal of one of the monitors (MFM) has to be taken into account in the range of environmental background radiation.     

Investigation and characterization of a control scheme for multivariate quality control

A new scheme for multivariate statistical quality control is investigated and characterized. The control scheme consists of three steps and it will identify any out-of-control samples, select the subset of variables that are out of control, and diagnose the out-of-control variables. A new control variable selection algorithm, the backward selection algorithm, and a new control variable diagnosis method, the hyperplane methods, are proposed. It is shown by simulation that the control scheme is useful in cases where the process variables are correlated and where they are uncorrelated.