Commercial Application of the ICR Series Lube Isodewaxing Catalysts

This article illustrates the application of the ICR series lube oil isodewaxing catalysts in commercial scale and proposes the strategy on long cycle operation and optimization of catalysts. The results of commercial application of the catalyst have revealed that the catalyst after pretreatment including drying, sulfidation and reduction can process VGO into base oils meeting the HVI II and HVI II＋ standards, and can manufacture base oils meeting the HVI III standard after incorporating the filtrate oil or gatch from acetone-benzene solvent dewaxing unit. The nitrogen content of the feed oil to the IDW reactor should be controlled at 1 .0-1.5 ppm, while the CO and CO2 contents in fresh hydrogen is strictly controlled to avoid poisoning of the IDW-HDF catalysts.     

ABSTRACTS OF ARTICLES

Simulation and Energy Analysis on Stripping Process of the Sour Water Ji Ye, Wang YingSteam consumption at the bottom of the stripping tower, which accountingfor over 90 percent of the total energy consumption of the unit, is the key point ofenergy saving for the sour water stripping process. The single-tower high-pressureside-draw sour water stripping process was simulated with PRO/Ⅱ software. Basedon the result of simulation the effective factors for steam consumption rate and qualityof clean water, such as the flow ratio of the cold feed stream to the hot feed stream andthe temperature of hot stream, were analyzed for the sour water stripping column. Thesuitable operating conditions including to raise the ratio for the cold feed to the hot at4.5 and to raise the temperature for hot stream at 142℃. After that the modificationmainly include the heat transfer increasing area, the adjustment for feed flow path andto reduce the consumption of circulate water were obtained.     

正庚烷催化裂解生产低碳烯烃的影响因素探索

The influence of zeolite structure and process parameters (including reaction temperature and catalyst/oil ratio) on rules for formation of ethylene and propylene in the course of catalytic pyrolysis of n-heptane was studied in a small- scale fixed fluid catalytic cracking unit. Test results have revealed that compared to the USY zeolite and Beta zeolite, the catalytic pyrolysis of n-heptane in the presence of the ZRP zeolite catalyst can result in higher yield and selectivity of ethyl- ene and propylene, while a higher reaction temperature and a higher catalyst/oil ratio can promote the formation of ethylene and propylene during catalytic pyrolysis of n-heptane. The ethylene formation reaction is more sensitive to the changes in reaction temperature, whereas the changes in catalyst/oil ratio are more influential to the propylene formation reaction. This paper has made a preliminary exploration into the different reaction pathways for formation of ethylene and propylene on zeolites with different structures.     

Commercial Application of CPP for Producing Ethylene and Propylene from Heavy Oil Feed

A new process named CPP (Catalytic Pyrolysis Process) for producing ethylene and propylene from heavy oil feedstock has been developed. The catalyst CEP was specially designed for this process, which has bi-functional catalytic activities for both carbonium ion reaction and free radical reaction, so as to maximize the yields of ethylene and propylene. The commercial trial showed that the yield of ethylene and propylene was 20.37% and 18.23% respectively in maximum ethylene operation with Daqing AR as feedstock, and the yield of ethylene and propylene was 9.77% and 24.60% respectively in maximum propylene operation by using the same feedstock.Compared with steam cracker, the feed cost of CPP is much lower for producing ethylene and propylene.     

500 kt／a Ethylene Project in Shenyang Passed Review and Investigation by the State Assets Management Commission

The feasibility of construction of a 500kt/a ethylene unit using catalytic pyrolysis process (CPP), 270 kt/a PVC revamp unit and 110kt/a acrylate unit, in which Shenyang Chemical Group will invest 4 billion RMB, has been reviewed and approved by the State Assets Management Commission.     

Recycle Demetallating Process for Hydrocarbonaceous Feedstocks

The development and research on the recycle demetallating process are introduced. It shows the recycle demetallating process is effective on removing metal elements in heavy crude oil, especially with regard to calcium, through commercial application in delayed coking unit. Finally, the ash content in petroleum coke can be decreased to less than 0.5%, which complies with the IB coke standard. At the same time, the recycle demetallating process is an environmentally friendly technique, which has little effect on production quality and equipment corrosion.     

Application of the Endurance Catalyst in RFCCU Unit

In order to improve the capability of the RFCC unit for heavy oil conversion, reduce the yields of coke and oil slurry, and increase the economic benefits of the unit, starting August 2007 the SINOPEC Luoyang Branch Company began to apply in its No. 2 RFCC unit the Endurance catalyst featuring strong heavy oil conversion ability, low yields of coke and oil slurry, and high total light liquid yield. The results on calibration of the Endurance catalyst conducted in November 2007 indicated that under the circumstances of using deteriorating feedstock quality and lower unit consumption of catalyst, the yields of coke, oil slurry and gas decreased by 0.28 %, 1.24 % and 0.35 %, respectively. The light distillate yield and total light liquid yield increased by 0.8 % and 1.88%, respectively.     

Study on Lumped Kinetic Model for FDFCC Ⅱ. Validation and Prediction of Model

On the basis of formulating the 9-lump kinetic model for gasoline catalytic upgrading and the 12- lump kinetic model for heavy oil FCC, this paper is aimed at development of a combined kinetic model for a typical FDFCC process after analyzing the coupled relationship and combination of these two models. The model is also verified by using commercial data, the results of which showed that the model can better predict the product yields and their quality, with the relative errors between the main products of the unit and commercial data being less than five percent. Furthermore, the combined model is used to predict and optimize the operating conditions for gasoline riser and heavy oil riser in FDFCC. So this paper can offer some guidance for the processing of FDFCC and is instructive to model research and development of such multi-reactor process and combined process.     

Causes Leading to Formation of Shot Cokes and Measures for Its Prevention in Super Viscous Oil Delayed Coking Unit

Shot cokes are frequently formed in the delayed coking unit treating the super viscous oil at PetroChina＇s Liaohe Petrochemical Company. Considerable work has been carded out to avoid the formation of shot cokes. The test results obtained have shown that the property of super viscous oil has played a key role in the formation of shot cokes. After adjusting and optimizing the process indices the operating regime of the delayed coking unit at a throughput of 118t/h of the super viscous oil is specified as follows： a reaction temperature of 498-502℃, a reaction pressure of 0.17-0.25 MPa, a recycle ratio of 0.5-0.6 and a fractionation tower bottom temperature of 355-365 ℃. In the meantime, the delayed coking process has adopted measures to enhance pre-fractionation of the feedstock to rationally remove light fractions and maintain a steady gas velocity in order to avoid the formation of shot cokes.     

Increasing Liquid Yield and Diesel Fraction in Delayed Coking Process： Mechanism of Liquid Formation

The thermal upgrading of two residual oils tory-scale continuous delayed coking unit. The goal with different characteristics was studied in a labora- was to investigate the influence of the process vari- ables such as temperature, reaction time and additive on liquid yield and products distribution. A maximum liquid yield of 73% was achieved compared to 69% with the commercial unit. This yield was even increased to 75% under the effect of an additive. The fractionation of liquid oil by simulated vacuum distillation showed a high yield of diesel （46.9%）, compared to 28% for the commercial unit.     

重油催化热裂解(CPP)制烯烃成套技术的工业应用

沈阳化工集团沈阳石蜡化工有限公司建设了世界上首套500 kt/a重油催化热裂解（CPP）制烯烃工业装置,于2009年6月建成并投入运行。该装置以石蜡基常压渣油为原料,以生产乙烯、丙烯等低碳烯烃为主要目的产品,副产高含轻芳烃的裂解石脑油。工业标定结果表明,以大庆常压渣油为原料,在兼顾乙烯和丙烯的操作模式下,在反应温度610 ℃、乙烷/丙烷没有回炼的条件下,乙烯和丙烯产率分别达到14.84% 和22.21%,裂解石脑油中芳烃的质量分数达到82.46%,符合设计目标。该装置的成功运转开辟了一条重质原料生产低碳烯烃和轻芳烃的新工艺路线,实现了炼油与化工的一体化。     

乙烯装置初分馏系统的设计和操作要点

详细分析了乙烯装置初分馏系统设计和操作的几个主要工艺参数：汽油分馏塔塔釜温度及塔顶裂解汽油回流量，急冷油循环量，急冷油黏度，裂解柴油采出量，裂解燃料油采出量。这些工艺参数的变化受到塔的物料平衡和热量平衡的限制。     

HRDC烃循环技术在延迟焦化装置的工业应用

中国石油吉林石化公司炼油厂采用中国石油大学(华东)重质油国家重点实验室开发的烃循环延迟焦化技术(HRDC)在1.0 Mt/a延迟焦化装置中进行了工业应用。结合装置生产实际,提出了2种工业化测试方案,方案一:自然循环比为0.20,供氢循环比为0.20(以中段回流油为供氢物流);方案二:自然循环比为0.20,供氢循环比为0.20(中段回流油循环比为0.05,轻蜡油循环比为0.15)。方案一在测试过程中受分馏塔能力限制且分馏塔操作难度较大,不能实现长周期平稳生产,而方案二在测试期间的生产较为稳定,因此,选择方案二为工业应用方案。方案二的工业应用结果表明,焦化装置在以减压渣油为主,掺炼16%~20%催化裂化油浆为原料的情况下,石油焦收率降低0.83%,轻油收率和液体收率分别提高1.16百分点和0.79百分点,且方案实施7个月后的经济效益达2 294.49万元,值得在同类装置中进行推广和应用。     

提高催化裂化装置掺渣比的问题和对策

为提高加工劣质原油的效益,中国石油化工股份有限公司洛阳分公司Ⅰ套催化裂化装置进料掺渣比逐步提高至30％,预计达到50％.提高掺渣比后,催化剂型号由CORH更换为CRSC,装置出现了主风量不足、再生器缺少有效的取热手段、油浆固含量时有升高、两器料位波动等问题.2014年2月与2013年11月产品标定结果相比,汽油收率降低1.65百分点,辛烷值降低0.34单位,焦炭上升0.57百分点,气体和柴油收率升高,产品分布不理想.通过研究分析,装置在较高掺渣比进料下高效运行时应采取引空压风补充主风量、适当加入CO助燃剂来提高氧气燃烧利用率、提高油浆循环量、降低分馏塔底温度和油浆停留时间、调整反应系统蒸汽等措施,并提出2015年大检修时更换大风量主风机组、恢复内取热系统、优化油浆系统换热流程等建议以保证装置在下一周期的高效运行.     

Simulation and Optimization of Cracked Gasoline Hydrofining Process

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强制内循环反应器在煤直接液化工艺中的应用

神华集团有限责任公司煤直接液化工艺采用了两台带强制内循环的反应器,小型试验装置（BSU）、工艺开发装置（PDU）和工业示范装置的实际运转结果表明,该反应器与传统鼓泡床反应器相比,由于反应器内空塔液速大大增加,改善了反应器内气、固、液的接触效果,具有反应器内部温度分布均匀、反应器温度控制简单、反应器底部没有固体颗粒沉积、煤液化气体产率低、单系列装置加工规模大、不需要冷氢等优点。     

两段提升管催化裂解多产丙烯专用催化剂LCC-300的工业应用

在分析两段提升管催化裂解多产丙烯工艺特点的基础上研制出两段提升管催化裂解专用LCC-300催化剂。使用LCC-300催化剂,以大庆常压渣油为原料,在单段提升管反应装置上进行模拟两段提升管试验。结果表明,在丙烯收率22.27％的情况下,总液体收率为80.08％,所产汽油的烯烃含量低、芳烃含量高,为高辛烷值汽油调和组分。在TMP工业试验装置上使用配套LCC-300催化剂,一段提升管采用混合C4与大庆常压渣油组合进料,二段提升管为回炼轻汽油、回炼油和回炼油浆组合进料,装置标定结果表明,在丙烯收率20.38％的情况下,总液体收率为82.95％,干气和焦炭收率之和仅为13.99%,说明LCC-300催化剂在多产丙烯、减少干气和焦炭生成方面具有优势。     

渣油加氢装置节能优化设计

介绍了某公司新建2.5 Mt/a渣油加氢处理装置工艺概况及原设计节能措施,从操作参数、工艺流程设置及能量综合利用等方面,介绍了汽、电、燃料和水等方面的节能优化方案,并提出以下改进措施:①降低空冷入口温度,回收低温热;②降低烟气温度,提高加热炉效率;③循环氢压缩机采用背压式汽轮机;④新氢压缩机采用常规逐级返回流程,可选用HydroCom系统,提浓氢单独设置压缩机;⑤过滤器反冲洗油直接送催化裂化装置;⑥空冷器与加热炉风机采用变频技术;⑦优化流程,降低循环水用量;⑧优化换热流程,提高发生蒸汽品质与流量;⑨设置液力透平,回收能量;⑩调整机泵选型,选择高效机泵。节能优化设计使装置能耗比原设计低296.78 MJ/t,年经济效益约为1 000×104 RMB$。     

辽河超稠原油延迟焦化不产生弹丸焦工艺条件探索

中国石油天然气股份有限公司辽河石化分公司1．0Mt／a延迟焦化装置加工辽河超稠原油。由于辽河超稠原油密度大、盐含量高,焦炭塔焦炭中经常出现大量的弹丸焦,导致焦炭塔放水不畅,严重时堵塞放水管道。为此,通过工业试验考察了加热炉出口温度、进料金属含量、循环比、焦炭塔操作压力对弹丸焦形成的影响,得到了基于辽河超稠原油的适合该装置特点的不产生弹丸焦与黏焦的合适工艺条件,并绘制出了寻找合适加热炉出口温度、循环比及焦炭塔塔顶压力的工作曲线。工业试验数据表明,弹丸焦的形成不仅与工艺条件和进料的沥青质含量有关,进料的金属含量过高同样会加速弹丸焦的生成。与一般实验室结果不同的是,工业试验数据表明,降低循环比反而有利于减少弹丸焦的生成,这一发现应引起同行重视。     

苏丹稠油延迟焦化装置直接引稠油开工情况

介绍了中国石油国际苏丹喀土穆炼油有限公司喀土穆炼油厂,在直接加工苏丹稠油（一种高酸高钙高黏度重质原油）延迟焦化装置中采用的两种开工方式,分析了它们的优缺点。该装置原来引用常压渣油作为进料进行开工,待操作正常后再切换为稠油进料,虽然这种开工方式在装置开工循环过程中,脱除轻组分的时间短,但在切换四通阀以后调整操作的难度较大,因此后来改为直接引用原油（稠油）作为进料进行开工。实践证明,直接引用原油开工的效果很好,操作调整简单,大量的轻组分进入分馏塔上部,分馏塔各侧线回流较容易建立;另外未出现常压渣油开工过程中蜡油量大、塔底温度高、加热炉对流段出口油温超高现象。