五通道多层镜软X光能谱仪研制

五通道多层镜软X光能谱仪以光电导探测器(GaAs)作软X光探测器,为了消除杂散光影响,在多层镜通道后面加适当材料滤光片,构成谱仪探测系统,使用能量范围260～1200eV,谱仪在神光Ⅱ三倍频腔靶实验中、进行了实时考核,五通道全部测到软X光信号,基本达到预定的目标。     

用于ICF软X光能谱仪时标系统的功分器研制

在ICF软X光能谱仪诊断实验中,为了将能谱仪各通道输出的纳秒尺度测量信号在时间上精确关联,需要测试系统提供定时精度好于200ps多路一致的时标信号.为此研制了无源纯电阻8路功分器来提供时标信号,通过对其性能进行的测试,表明该功分器基本满足现有物理实验要求.同时对功分器的进一步改进进行了分析,提出了解决方案.     

软X射线多层膜技术

软Ｘ射线多层膜技术是目前工程光学和应用光学中的一个热点,用多层膜可以组成类似于可见光波段的各种软Ｘ射线光学仪器,如望远镜,显微镜,投影光刻系统和光谱仪器等,文章简要介绍了长春光学精密机械研究所近年来软Ｘ射线多层膜技术的研究概况。     

北京同步辐射软X射线装置与软X射线探测器标定

软X射线计量标准的建立和软X射线探测器标定是目前国内急需解决的课题，本简单介绍了两套北京同步辐射软X射线装置，它们主要用于软X射线光学元件测量和软X射线探测元、器件的标定。另外给出了近年来在软X射线测量装置上开展的计量标准和探测器标定方面的研究结果。     

北京同步辐射软X射线装置与软X射线探测器标定

简单介绍了2套北京同步辐射软X射线装置，主要用于软X射线光学元件测量和软X射线探测元、器件的标定。给出了在软X射线测量装置上计量标准和探测器标定方面的研究结果。     

软X射线波段多层膜-多层膜光栅单色器

从多层膜和多层膜光栅的衍射特性出发,得到了适用于软Ｘ射线波段的组合式多层膜－多层膜光栅单色器的工作原理和色散性质。如果多层膜和多层膜光栅的反射面之间保持适当的夹角,该夹角取决于多层膜的周期和光栅的周期之比,则由单色器出射的光束仍保持与入射光束平行,且有很好的色散及最大的光强输出。     

金刚石光电导探测器研制及在软X光测量中的初步应用

介绍了我们自己设计制造的天然Ⅱａ型金刚石光导探测器的结构，原理，制造工艺，实验标定及其在ＩＣＦ实验中软Ｘ光测量中的应用等。     

多层膜镜用于激光等离子体发射软X光谱测量

本文研究软Ｘ光Ｗ／Ｓｉ多层镜色散特性，多层镜与Ｘ射线二极管（ＸＲＤ）的配合，用于激光等离子体发射软Ｘ射线诊断，通过与滤片－ＸＲＤ探测结果比较，估计给出了Ｗ／Ｓｉ（ｄ＝２．４７ｎｍ）在光子波长λ＝１．８９ｍｍ处的能量分辨及反射率。     

北京同步辐射软X射线装置与软X射线探测器标定

简单介绍了２套北京同步辐射软Ｘ射线装置，主要用于软Ｘ射线光学元件测量和软Ｘ射线探测元，器件的标定，给出了软件Ｘ射线装置上计量标准和探测器标定方面的研究结果。     

PIN光敏二极管X射线探测器的性能与应用研究

介绍了PIN型光敏二极管和电荷灵敏前放组成的X射线探测器的性能和测量结果,并与CdZnTe探测器的能谱测量结果进行了比较,还研究了温度对光敏二极管能量分辨率的影响,25℃时,光敏二极管探测器对241Am的59．5keV峰的能量分辨率为7．6％,冷却到0℃后达到4．7％。     

软X射线诊断冷却测试平台设计

软X射线物理诊断普遍应用于托卡马克聚变装置。在实验时,上限温度仅为75℃的软X射线诊断探测器将处于250℃的环境温度中,因此冷却系统不可或缺。本文分析了软X射线诊断探测器在运行时将受到的热负荷功率,并依据计算结果及实验时的冷却条件,创造性的设计了采用水、氦气混合制冷方式的冷却测试平台。所进行的测试结果表明,平台运行稳定,不仅能够很好的满足软X射线诊断的冷却需求,同时也为其它聚变诊断冷却系统的设计提供借鉴。     

Optimized online filter stack spectrometer for ultrashort X-ray pulses

Currently,with the advent of high-repetition-rate laser-plasma experiments,the demand for online diagnosis for the X-ray spectrum is increasing because the laser-plasma-generated X-ray spectrum is very important for characterizing electron dynamics and applications.In this study,scintillators and silicon PIN(P-type-intrinsic-N-type semiconductor)diodes were used to construct a wideband online filter stack spectrometer.The X-ray sensor and filter arrangement was optimized using a genetic algorithm to minimize the condition number of the response matrix.Consequently,the unfolding error was sig-nificantly reduced based on numerical experiments.The detector responses were quantitatively calibrated by irradiating the scintillator and PIN diode with various nuclides and comparing the measured y-ray peaks.A prototype 15-channel spec-trometer was developed by integrating an X-ray detector with front-and back-end electronics.The prototype spectrometer could record X-ray pulse signals at a repetition rate of 1 kHz.Furthermore,an optimized spectrometer was employed to record the real-time spectra of laser-driven bremsstrahlung sources.This optimized spectrometer offers a compact solution for spectrum diagnostics of ultrashort X-ray pulses,exhibiting improved accuracy in terms of spectrum measurements and repetition rates,and could be widely used in next-generation high-repetition-rate high-power laser facilities.     

Spatially-resolved flat-field soft X-ray spectrometer on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak

A space- and time-resolved flat-field soft X-ray spectrometer with the wavelength range of 1–13 nm has been developed to study impurity behavior on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Using an entrance slit, a varied line spacing grating (2400 grooves/mm at the grating center), and a charged coupled device (CCD) system, time evolution of profiles of impurity line emissions were recorded. The spectral resolution of the spectrometer is 0.006 nm at 5 nm when the width of entrance slit is set at 0.03 mm. The best spatial resolution obtained is 24.5 mm with the height of slit at 1.0 mm. The spectrometer is placed 8000 mm away from the plasma center and the observed spatial range covers 0–450 mm from the equatorial plane of EAST. The first experimental results were obtained from the recent EAST campaign. The system was shown to be capable of observing spectral lines from both intrinsic low-Z impurities (C, O, et al.) and highly ionized medium- and high-Z impurities (Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, et al.). Spectral lines from the full wavelength range (1–13 nm) can be obtained by moving the position of the CCD. Spectra with the wavelength intervals of 1–2 nm show strong metal lines for H-mode discharges. Time evolutions of C VI (3.373 nm) and O VIII (1.897 nm) lines are presented and detail analysis is performed combining electron density intensity, D_α and soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation intensities. Evolutions of profiles of C VI (3.373 nm) and O VIII (1.897 nm) at core plasma were also shown, indicating that the spectrometer can be applied for impurity transport studies,     

高功率Z箍缩软X射线功率测量

针对“强光一号”装置喷氪气高功率Z箍缩等离子体实验产生1 keV以下的软X射线,研制了脉冲恒压电源驱动的镍薄膜量热计,测量Z箍缩软X射线总能量,用快时间响应的X射线二极管（XRD）探测器建立了软X射线功率测量系统,给出了实验测量结果。     

Readout electronics for a high-resolution soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector

The readout electronics for a prototype soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector (SDD),for precisely measuring the energy and arrival time of X-ray photons is presented in this paper.The system mainly consists of two parts,i.e.,an analog electronics section (including a pre-amplifier,a signal shaper and filter,a constant fraction timing circuit,and a peak hold circuit) and a digital electronics section (including an ADC and a TDC).Test results with X-ray sources show that an energy dynamic range of 1-10 keV with an integral nonlinearity of less than 0.1％ can be achieved,and the energy resolution is better than 160 eV@5.9 keV FWHM.Using a waveform generator,test results also indicate that time resolution of the electronics system is about 3.7 ns,which is much less than the transit time spread of SDD (＜100 ns) and satisfies the requirements of future applications.     

小型X光二极管的研制

研制了小型X光二极管(XRD),可用于小型软X光能谱仪。小XRD与大XRD相比,体积为1／30。在“神光Ⅱ”上对小XRD进行了实验考核,结果表明：小XRD与传统的大XRD的时间响应和灵敏度基本一致．达到了预定的目标。对XRD的电路进行了分析．计算出XRD的时间响应和线性饱和电流。     

北京G120型Q3D磁谱仪焦面探测器系统

根据HI－13串列加速器及Q3D磁谱仪的特点和物理研究课题的要求,提出了与谱仪配用的焦面探测器的重要技术性能的要求。对磁谱仪和焦面探测器的联合系统的离子鉴别方法予以较详细的讨论。提出了模型设计的参数,并估算了各种可能的贡献及最后可获得的性能及修正方法。最后给出了运行中的轻、重离子探测器的性能的实验结果。     

Gas microchannel plate-pixel detector for X-ray polarimetry

POLAR-2 is a gamma-ray burst(GRB)polarimeter that is designed to study the polarization in GRB radiation emissions,aiming to improve our knowledge of related mechanisms.POLAR-2 is expected to utilize an on-board polarimeter that is sensitive to soft X-rays(2-10 keV),called low-energy polarization detector.We have developed a new soft X-ray polari-zation detector prototype based on gas microchannel plates(GMCPs)and pixel chips(Topmetal).The GMCPs have bulk resistance,which prevents charging-up effects and ensures gain stability during operation.The detector is composed of low outgassing materials and is gas-sealed using a laser welding technique,ensuring long-term stability.A modulation factor of 41.28％±0.64％is obtained for a 4.5 keV polarized X-ray beam.A residual modulation of 1.96％±0.58％at 5.9 keV is observed for the entire sensitive area.     

嫦娥一号卫星X射线谱仪能量响应矩阵的计算

介绍了嫦娥一号卫星X射线谱仪能量响应矩阵的计算方法,根据谱仪标定试验的标定数据计算了谱仪各路探测器的能量响应矩阵;根据谱仪的能量响应矩阵由直接解调方法对试验测得的放射源能谱和元素荧光能谱进行了解谱,较好的重现了放射源和各元素的特征能量.     

（e,2e）电子动量谱仪的多参数获取和处理系统

本文介绍研制成功的（ｅ，２ｅ）电子动量谱仪的多参数获取和处理系统。这个系统有几个特点：一是５个数据获取通道并行转换数据；二是在微机支持下，每个通道相当于一个多道；三是根据需要可很方便地分开组合数据获取的通道数，即可作为单通道微机多道分析器使用，又可作为一维或二维位置灵敏探测器的数据获取和处理系统使用；最后一点是系统实时获取时，可在线处理数据并在图形显示上分时显示符合时间谱及电离能谱。