螺旋结构手性材料的结构参数对旋波性的影响

手性材料具有旋波性.本工作首次研究了螺旋结构手性掺杂体的几何结构参数对旋波性的影响.螺旋结构手性体的结构参数由螺旋体的螺径、螺距、线径和环数来表示.利用普通的微波圆波导测量系统,在8.5-11.5GHz频段内测量了电磁波通过不同螺旋结构手性材料后的偏转角.结果表明:螺旋体的几何结构参数对偏转角有较大影响,随着螺旋体结构参数的变化,有Cotton效应出现.这些实验结果为手性材料的设计提供了实验依据.     

碳纳米管/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料吸波性能的研究

考察了碳纳米管的介电常数,磁导率以及碳纳米管/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料的电磁吸波性能.研究结果表明,碳纳米管介电常数值远大于磁导率值,且电损耗远大于磁损耗,说明碳纳米管是一种电损耗型吸波介质.通过弓形法测定了碳纳米管/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料在2～18GHz范围内的电磁波吸收性能,结果表明,复合材料在5～18GHz范围内具有较好的微波吸收性能.     

配比及热处理气氛对纳米Fe/石墨复合材料微波吸收性能的影响

利用氧化石墨层间可吸附大量离子的特性使Fe3+吸附到氧化石墨层间,再通过还原法制备了纳米Fe/石墨复合材料.采用元素分析、电磁参数测定等手段系统考察了硝酸铁与氧化石墨的配比及热处理气氛对纳米Fe/石墨复合材料分子组成和微波吸收性能的影响.结果表明,纳米Fe/石墨复合材料属于典型的软磁性材料;FeGO31H600的最大反射损耗为-6dB,而FeGO21H600的最大反射损耗达到了-9dB,故FeGO21H600的微波吸收效果最好;当厚度为1mm时,FeGO21600反射损耗大于6dB的频段范围为14～18GHz,而FeGO21H600反射损耗大于6dB的频段范围为11～18GHz,比FeGO21600低且宽,故FeGO21H600的微波吸收效果比FeGO21600的好.     

低反射高吸收梯度电磁波屏蔽复合材料研究

为了减少反射回空间的电磁波对电磁环境造成的二次污染,本文提出了双梯度电磁屏蔽材料SFGM(shieldingfunc tionallygradientmaterials)设计的构想,来实现对频率<1GHz的电磁波的低反射高吸收。制备的镍/镍锌铁氧体/环氧树脂梯度电磁屏蔽材料,其结果表明:在频率<1GHz时,双梯度材料对电磁波的反射损耗比非梯度材料平均降低了6～8dB;而吸收损耗平均提高了6～14dB。在中心吸收层的衰减常数不变时,对电磁波的吸收损耗随吸收层厚度增加而增加。     

含同轴线活性碳毡电路屏复合材料的吸波性能研究

研究了含同轴线活性碳毡电路屏复合材料的微波吸收特性,并对电路屏的吸波机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,含同轴线活性碳毡电路屏复合材料的吸波性能与电路屏阵列单元的尺寸和间距密切相关,经合理设计,复合材料在7～18GHz频率范围内有-10dB以下的吸收,有效带宽达11GHz.复合材料对电磁波的主要吸收机制是电磁波在电路屏和反射板之间的多次反射、衰减.     

螺旋型非晶态碳纳米管/双马来酰亚胺树脂(HACNT/BMI)复合材料的制备及吸波机理

新型电磁波吸收材料是国防科技中的研究热点和重点,碳材料作为一种轻质吸波材料受到研究者们的广泛重视.本研究利用浮动催化化学气相沉积法制备螺旋非晶碳纳米管,以螺旋非晶碳纳米管作为吸波剂,双马来酰亚胺树脂作为基体制备了螺旋非晶碳纳米管/双马来酰亚胺树脂吸波复合材料.采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和拉曼光谱仪等设备对样品进行微观形貌和结构表征,通过矢量网络分析仪测试其电磁参数.实验结果表明,吸波剂含量的增加增强了螺旋非晶碳纳米管/双马来酰亚胺树脂复合材料的吸波性能,其最大吸收峰值可达-18.35 dB,最大吸波频宽(<-10 dB)为2.56 GHz(9.52～12.08 GHz),反射损耗超过97％,且吸收峰向低频方向移动.螺旋非晶碳纳米管因其特殊的螺旋型结构极大地增加了电磁波反射概率和散射波程,增大了入射电磁波能量损耗.     

SmFeO_3的制备及其多波段兼容隐身性能研究

采用固相法制得了SmFeO3粉体.借助XRD、SEM对SmFeO3粉体的物相组成和形貌进行了表征.此外,测试了SmFeO3的微波电磁特性及其吸波性能、红外辐射率以及1.06 μm波长处的反射率性能.结果表明,当煅烧温度为1250℃时,可以制得单一相的SmFeO3粉体;该粉体宏观呈现橙红色,微观颗粒尺寸大小为2～4μm的不规则块状.当单层SmFeO3材料的厚度为2.0mm时,反射损耗在15.8GHz左右出现约为-10dB的峰值,同时在14.3～16.8 GHz频率范围内反射损耗均达到-5dB.SmFeO3粉体在1.06μm波长处的反射率为0.31%,激光吸收性能强;红外辐射率为0.58,属于中低红外辐射率.     

含Minkowski活性碳毡电路屏复合材料的吸波性能研究

研究了含Minkowski活性碳毡电路屏复合材料的微波吸收特性,并对电路屏的吸波机理进行了初步的探讨。结果表明,含Minkowski活性碳毡电路屏复合材料的吸波性能与电路屏阵列单元的尺寸密切相关,经合理设计,复合材料在5.3～18GHz频率范围内有-10dB以下的吸收,有效带宽达12.7GHz。复合材料对电磁波的主要吸收机制是电磁波在电路屏和反射板之间的多次反射、衰减。     

掺镍介孔碳/聚苯胺复合材料吸波性能研究

在制备出含镍介孔碳(OMC-Ni)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)/HCl掺杂聚苯胺(PANI)复合物基础上,采用同轴传输线法测试了材料在2-18 GHz范围的电磁参数并获得其吸波性能。结果表明:提高介孔碳中镍掺杂量及改变复合物中PANI含量均能有效提高材料的反射损耗,且有效吸收带宽(≤–10 dB)与材料匹配厚度密切相关,如OMC-Ni0.05/PANI厚度d=1.9 mm时有效带宽为5.0 GHz(10.7–15.7 GHz)。     

碳纤维增强莫来石陶瓷的介电性能和吸波性能研究

采用模压成型工艺和固相反应烧结制备了碳纤维/莫来石（Cf /Mullite）复合材料。对Cf /Mullite复合材料的物相组成、微观结构进行了表征,使用矢量网络分析仪研究了碳纤维（Cf）含量对莫来石（3Al2O3 2SiO2）陶瓷在X波段（8.2~12.4 GHz）的介电性能和吸波性能的影响。结果表明：Al2O3和SiO2在高温下充分反应生成了莫来石陶瓷,Cf /Mullite复合材料具有相对致密结构,Cf /Mullite复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗角正切值（tan δ）均随碳纤维添加量的增加而增大,且Cf的加入使得莫来石陶瓷具有更优的电磁波吸收性能。Cf体积分数为1.2%、Cf /Mullite复合材料厚度d=1.5 mm时,反射损耗最大吸收峰为-33.3 dB,反射损耗优于-5 dB的吸收频宽达3.675 GHz,反射损耗优于-10 dB的频宽达到2.205 GHz。Cf的加入显著提高了莫来石陶瓷的吸波性能。     

镀镍碳纳米管的微波吸收性能研究

用竖式炉流动法制备了碳纳米管,碳纳米管的外径40nm～70nm,内径7nm～10nm,长度50μm～1000μm,呈直线型,用化学镀法在碳纳米管表面镀上了一层均匀的金属镍。碳纳米管吸波涂层在厚度为0.97mm时,在8GHz～18GHz,最大吸收峰在11.4GHz(R=-22.89dB),R<-10dB的频宽为3.0Hz,R<-5dB的频宽为4.7GHz。镀镍碳纳米管吸波涂层在相同厚度下,最大吸收峰在14GHz(R=-11.85dB),R<-10dB的频宽为2.23Hz,R<-5dB的频宽为4.6GHz。碳纳米管表面镀镍后虽然吸收峰值变小,但吸收峰有宽化的趋势,这种趋势对提高材料的吸波性能是有利的。碳纳米管作为偶极子在电磁场的作用下,会产生耗散电流,在周围基体作用下,耗散电流被衰减,从而雷达波能量被转换为其它形式的能量。     

Enhanced microwave absorbing properties of carbonyl iron-doped Ag/ordered mesoporous carbon nanocomposites

Microwave absorbing materials carbonyl iron (CI)-doped Ag/ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) paraffin wax composites were prepared by colloidal deposition and impregnation methods, and their electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties were investigated in the frequency ranging from 2 to 18 GHz. The microstructures and chemical compositions of the Ag/OMC and Ag/OMC-CI paraffin wax composites were characterized by TEM, XRD, XPS, SEM and EDS, respectively. The complex permittivity of the paraffin wax composites show dual resonance behavior, resulting from the multi-interfaces among Ag nanoparticles, OMC nanorods, CI and paraffin wax. The magnetic loss was mainly caused by natural resonance and eddy current loss, respectively. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value of Ag/OMC-CI was below ?10 dB at 12 GHz, which were superior to those of OMC-CI and Ag/OMC. This phenomenon is attributed to the enhancement of dielectric polarization and magnetic loss.     

Magnetic and Microwave-absorption Properties of Graphite-coated (Fe, Ni) Nanocapsules

The structure, magnetic and microwave-absorption properties of graphite-coated (Fe, Ni) alloy nanocapsules, synthesized by the arc-discharge method, have been studied. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the nanocapsules have a core/shell structure with (Fe, Ni) alloy as the core and graphite as the shell. All (Fe, Ni) alloy nanocapsules/paraffin composites show good microwave-absorption properties. The optimal reflection loss (RL) was found for (Fe70Ni30)/C nanocapsules/paraffin composites, being -47.84 dB at 14.6 GHz for an absorber thickness of 1.99 mm, while the RL values exceeding -10 dB were found in the 12.4- 17.4 GHz range, which almost covers the Ku band (12.4-18 GHz). For (Fe70Ni30)/C nanocapsules/paraffin composites, RL values can exceed -10 dB in the 11.4-18 GHz range with an absorber thickness of 1.91 mm, which cover the whole Ku band.     

Synthesis and microwave absorption properties of magnetite nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of Fe3O4 with various sizes were synthesized from FeCl3 x 6H2O, FeCl2 x 4H2O and NaOH by coprecipitation process. The crystal structure, morphology, particle size and magnetic property of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It was found that the molar ratio of ferrous to ferric played an important role in the formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The particle mean diameter swelled from approximately 10 to approximately 20 nm with the molar ratio range from 1:2 to 6:1. The saturation magnetization and the coercivity increased correspondingly. The complex permittivity epsilon(r) and permeability mu(r) of the Fe3O4 mixture with paraffin were measured using vector network analysis. Values of epsilon(r), and mu(r) were used to determine the reflection loss at various sample thicknesses, based on a model of microwave absorbing layer backed by a metal plate. The minimal reflection loss or the dip shifts to a lower frequency region with increasing thickness. When the thickness is 5 mm, the minimal reflection loss of Fe3O4 synthesized with the molar ratio of 6:1 and paraffin wax composites reaches -35.1 dB at 5.2 GHz and -30.2 dB at 17.6 GHz, respectively. The minimal reflection loss is attributed to the thickness of the absorber approximates an odd number multiple of a quarter of the propagation wavelength.     

Facile synthesis of ultra-long α-MnO2 nanowires and their microwave absorption properties

Well crystallized α-MnO₂ nanowires (NWs) with an average diameter of about 40 nm and an average length of about 30 μm were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The complex permittivity and permeability of α-MnO₂ NWs/paraffin composites with 20 vol.% α-MnO₂ NWs were measured in a frequency region from 0.1 to 13 GHz. The value of maximum reflection loss of the composites with 20 vol.% α-MnO₂ NWs is approximately − 35 dB at 3.13 GHz with a thickness of 3.6 mm, and the bandwidth corresponding to reflection loss below − 10 dB is higher than 1.8 GHz with a lower thickness of 1.2 mm.     

Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of amorphous metallic spheroidal-and flake-based magnetodielectric composites

Flexible,lightweight,conductive materials,having both high rf losses and high permeability,are extremely desirable for applications as electromagnetic(EM)shielding.Gas atomized spherical FeSi-based ferromagnetic metallic particles,having a mean diameter of 14.6 μm with a standard deviation of 7.3 μm,were measured to have a room temperature saturation magnetic flux density of 1.49 T with a coercivity of 160 A/m.Ball milling of the amorphous particles led to aspect ratios from 1:1(spherical)to＞100:1(flake-like).Flake-like particles,suspended in paraffin,were found to not only increase the surface area of fillers enhancing the polarization mechanism but also increase the complex permeability and complex permittivity,and thus provide broadband shielding effectiveness.A loading factor of 40 vol.％of the～15 μm diameter powders provided the largest △WRL=-20dB of 9.49 GHz(i.e.,6.55＜f＜16.04 GHz)at a coating thickness of 2 mm.Overall,powder composites show a wide absorption potential above 18 GHz for＜1.5 mm thicknesses.The optimized flake-based composites exhibit strong EM wave absorption with an SE of-40 dB and SE＜-10 dB of 17.57 GHz at 40 vol.％filler at a thickness of 1.6 mm.     

Double layer microwave absorber based on Cu dispersed SiC composites

The present work has been focused on designing an efficient and cost-effective double layer microwave absorber in 8.2–12.4?GHz frequency range. For the same, Cu particles were dispersed in SiC to achieve enhanced microwave absorption by combining the excellent dielectric characteristics of SiC with highly conductive Cu. Cu dispersed SiC composites were prepared by dispersing various weight fractions of Cu particles in the SiC matrix using planetary ball mill. The Cu dispersion in SiC yielded excellent relative complex permittivity values translating into a decrease in the reflection loss (RL) values of dispersed composites as compared to the pristine counterpart. The minimum RL of ?17.18?dB has been observed for 2?wt% Cu dispersed SiC composite at 11.81?GHz with a thickness of 1.3?mm and bandwidth corresponding to ?10?dB is 1.77?GHz. Genetic algorithm approach has been implemented to design double layer microwave absorber to further enhance the microwave absorption of the prepared composites for realizing a cost-effective solution. The optimum double layer results show the RL of ?32.16?dB at 11.05?GHz with 1.67?mm total thickness and bandwidth corresponding to ?10?dB is 2.35?GHz.     

Electromagnetic properties of carbonyl iron and their microwave absorbing characterization as filler in silicone rubber

The complex permittivity, permeability and microwave-absorbing properties of rubber composites filled with carbonyl iron are measured at frequencies from 2–18 GHz. The results indicate that the reflection loss peak shifts towards low frequency region with increasing layer thickness or increasing weight concentration. The minimum reflection loss value of −23.06 dB was obtained at 3.3 GHz for the composites with 80% wt. These results show that the composites possess good microwave absorbing ability in both low- and highfrequency bands.     

Synthesis and microwave absorption enhancement of Fe-doped NiO@SiO2@graphene nanocomposites

Fe-doped NiO@SiO₂@graphene nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated for the first time, in which Fe-doped NiO nanoparticles are about 3 nm in diameter. In order to measure their electromagnetic properties, Fe-doped NiO@SiO₂@graphene (25 wt%) wax composites were then prepared. The experimental results show that Fe-doped NiO@SiO₂@graphene nanocomposites exhibit significantly enhanced microwave absorption performance in terms of both the maximum reflection loss value and the absorption bandwidth in comparison with NiO@SiO₂@graphene. The maximum reflection loss of Fe-doped NiO@SiO₂@graphene nanocomposites can reach −51.2 dB at 8.6 GHz with a thickness of 4 mm, and the absorption bandwidth with the reflection loss below −10 dB is 4 GHz (from 7 to 11 GHz). Therefore, this kind of nanocomposites may have the potential as high-efficient absorbers for microwave absorption applications.     

Electromagnetic characteristic and microwave absorbing performance of different carbon-based hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber composites

Hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (HNBR) was mixed with carbon fiber (CF), conductive carbon black (CCB) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to prepare microwave absorbing composites, their complex permittivity was measured in microwave frequencies (2–18 GHz), and their electromagnetic characteristics and microwave absorbing performance were studied. The real part and imaginary part of permittivity of the composites increased with increasing carbon filler loading, showing dependency on filler type. The microwave reflection loss of the composites also depended on the loading and type of fillers. The matching thickness of the absorber layer decreased with increasing permittivity, while the matching frequency decreased with increasing layer thickness. The minimum reflection loss was −49.3 dB for HNBR/MWCNT (100/10) composite, while −13.1 dB for HNBR/CCB (100/15) composite and −7.1 dB for HNBR/CF (100/30) composite. The efficient microwave absorption of HNBR/MWCNT composites is accounted from high conduction loss and dielectric relaxation of MWCNT, and strong interface scattering.