脂肽类生物表面活性剂研究概况

脂肽是一类微生物源的表面活性剂,在各领域具有良好的应用潜力.文章对脂肽的化学结构、理化性质、生产菌种、生物合成机理、主要应用、研究重点进行了论述.同时指出,居高不下的生产成本是当前制约脂肽发展的主要因素.未来研究的重点,将紧紧围绕如何提高产量和降低成本而展开.一是在菌株的筛选方面,应用基因改造和诱变技术,获得产量更高、...     

脂肽类生物表面活性剂研究进展

脂肽是由微生物代谢产生的一类具有很强表面活性的生物表面活性剂,在医药、环境保护、化妆品和微生物采油等方面有良好的应用潜力。该文对脂肽的生产、分离、鉴定及应用进展进行了综述。引用文献45篇。     

脂肽类生物表面活性剂的研究进展

脂肽类生物表面活性剂是一类由微生物产生的次级代谢产物,具有独特的化学结构,表现出优良的表面活性和生理特性。简介了脂肽类生物表面活性剂的产生菌及其种类,重点介绍了海洋微生物所产的脂肽类表面活性剂,并展望了其研究前景。     

一株脂肽类生物表面活性剂产生菌的性能及其影响因素研究

通过对实验筛选出一株产脂肽类生物表面活性剂的菌株BW-23,进行性能及其影响因素研究.结果表明:脂肽表面活性剂的CMC浓度为70 mg/L时,表面张力为31.0 mN/m;发酵液稀释10倍后,乳化指数仍为24.72％;在10～60℃间菌株BW-23所产的生物表面活性剂的耐热性较好;菌株BW-23在pH值为5.0～8.0时表面活性最好;当NaCl浓度小于15％时,菌株BW-23水溶液的表面张力变化幅度最小;当Ca2+浓度达到5000 mg/L时,菌株BW-23水溶液的表面张力为30.5 mN/m.     

脂肽类生物表面活性剂在微生物采油中的应用

随着科学技术的进步,越来越多的生物物质被运用到石油开采过程中,同时发挥着重要的积极作用。脂肽是生物代谢过程中产生的一种具有表面活性功能的活性剂,在提高原油采收率方面具有很好的发展潜力。本文主要是在分析脂肽类生物表面活性剂的结构与特性的基础上,探讨其在微生物采油中的具体应用。     

4种脂肽类生物表面活性剂的性能及其影响因素研究

实验室培养石油耐生菌并分离出4种阴离子脂肽类生物表面活性剂A8、A10-EA、A10-MeOH和B3.采用铂金板法和液滴形状分析法分别测定其平衡表面张力和动态界面张力,并研究生物表面活性剂的乳化性能及其对芘污染土壤的淋洗作用.结果表明:A8、A10-EA、A10-MeOH和B3的临界胶束浓度(cmc)分别为1.014,...     

产脂肽生物表面活性剂细菌的筛选及培养基优化

利用变色圈法和噬油斑法从土壤样品中分离筛选出一株产生物表面活性剂的细菌菌株LB345,通过薄层层析(TLC)确定其所产生物表面活性剂为脂肽,并通过单因素实验及L9(34)正交实验对菌株的培养基配方进行了优化,确定优化培养基的组成(g/L):葡萄糖30,NaNO32,KH2PO410,Na2HPO410,FeSO42.5×10-4,MgSO4.7H2O 0.03,NaC l 5,CaC l20.4,酵母粉0.3,初始pH值5,培养温度37℃,发酵时间7 d。在上述条件下,菌株LB345的脂肽产量可达到0.7 g/L。     

脂肽-糖脂混合型生物表面活性剂的性能及助剂

分离提取了枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis THY-8发酵产物中的生物表面活性剂,采用飞行时间质谱鉴定为鼠李糖脂和表面活性素、芬芥素等的混合物。考察了该混合型生物表面活性剂的性能,研究了其对油砂原油的驱油效率,并探索了合适的助剂种类及配伍浓度。结果表明,THY-8所产的脂肽-糖脂混合型生物表面活性剂具有良好的表面活性、热稳定性和乳化性,pH值为5.5时表面张力为27.59 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为15 mg/L;在70 ℃放置5天,表面张力基本不变;可将液体石蜡乳化形成粒径10～30 μm的乳液。正辛醇助剂与该混合生物表面活性剂复配后界面张力降低到10?3 mN/m,驱油效率提高3.2倍。含0.9 g/L生物表面活性剂的发酵液驱油效果与正辛醇-生物表面活性剂复配体系相当。     

一株产脂肽类生物表面活性剂菌株的分离及代谢产物分析

采用多次富集培养、血平板筛选方法,从新疆克拉玛依油田油水样中分离得到产生物表面活性剂菌株L1。该菌株与已培养的土壤芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus agri)的16S rDNA序列同源性达到99%;其代谢产物具有降低表面张力的作用,可以将发酵液表面张力从最初的69.56 mN.m-1降到29.36 mN.m-1;菌株代谢产物经薄层层析分析初步鉴定为脂肽类生物表面活性剂,红外光谱定性该生物表面活性剂属于环脂肽类表面活性剂。     

生物表面活性剂产生菌的诱变育种及特性研究

以铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)FC-69为出发菌株,以排油圈直径和生物表面活性剂产量为考核指标,采用紫外线和亚硝基胍复合诱变,筛选到一株生物表面活性剂高产菌株FC-69-52,并对其遗传稳定性和特性进行了研究.结果表明,高产菌株FC-69-52的排油圈直径达到7.12 cm、生物表面活性...     

Foaming properties of surfactin,a lipopeptide biosurfactant fromBacillus subtilis

Foaming properties of surfactin were investigated and compared to those of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Foams were formed by a bubbling technique. Evolution of the foam volume and the liquid in the foam was monitored with optical and conductimetric methods to characterize foam formation and stability. Excellent foaming properties of surfactin were shown by its higher ability to form and stabilize the foam at a concentration as low as 0.05 mg/mL, in comparison with SDS and BSA. Surfactin produced a foam with intermediate maximum density and stabilized the liquid in foam, as well as BSA.     

Biosurfactants: Recent advances

Surfactants find applications in a wide variety of industrial processes. Biomolecules that are amphiphilic and partition preferentially at interfaces are classified as biosurfactants. In terms of surface activity, heat and pH stability, many biosurfactants are comparable to synthetic surfactants. Therefore, as the environmental compatibility is becoming an increasingly important factor in selecting industrial chemicals, the commercialization of biosurfactant is gaining much attention. In this paper, the general properties and functions of biosurfactants are introduced. Strategies for development of biosurfactant assay, enhanced biosurfactant production, large scale fermentation, and product recovery are discussed. Also discussed are recent advances in the genetic engineering of biosurfactant production. The potential applications of biosurfactants in industrial processes and bioremediation are presented. Finally, comments on the application of enzymes for the production of surfactants are also made.     

Surfactin生物表面活性剂及其驱油研究进展

表面活性素（surfactin）是一类由革兰氏阳性的枯草芽孢杆菌产生的脂肽（lipopeptide）型生物表面活性剂,因其具有优于化学合成表面活性剂的若干优点,如低毒性、高生物降解性、更好的环境相容性,且在极端环境下稳定性好,在提高石油采收率方面有较好的应用潜力,但是目前只有少数的生物表面活性剂可以大规模生产实现工业化应用。本文介绍了surfactin生物表面活性剂的化学结构和生物合成机制,并对其发酵生产过程的影响因素进行分析,为提高其生产经济性探索不同的策略,例如使用更便宜的原材料、优化培养基组分、优化反应器等,系统论述了surfactin生物表面活性剂的驱油机理和其与化学合成表面活性剂的复配研究,同时针对其应用时的不足之处提出研究新思路。     

Diesel engine performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced by the peroxidation process

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that is cleaner than petrodiesel. Biodiesel can be used directly as fuel for a diesel engine without having to modify the engine system. It has the major advantages of having high biodegradability, excellent lubricity and no sulfur content. In this study, the biodiesel produced by a transesterification technique was further reacted by using a peroxidation process. Four types of diesel fuel, biodiesel with and without an additional peroxidation process, a commercial biodiesel and ASTM No. 2D diesel were compared for their fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristics. The experimental results show that the fuel consumption rate, brake thermal efficiency, equivalence ratio, and exhaust gas temperature increased while the bsfc, emission indices of CO₂, CO and NO_x decreased with an increase of engine speed. The three biodiesels showed a higher fuel consumption rate, bsfc, and brake thermal efficiency, while at the same time exhibited lower emission indices of CO and CO₂ as well as a lower exhaust gas temperature when compared to ASTM No. 2D diesel. Moreover, the biodiesel produced with the additional peroxidation process was found to have an oxygen content, weight proportion of saturated carbon bonds, fuel consumption rate, and bsfc that were higher than the biodiesel produced without the additional process; while at the same time the brake thermal efficiency, equivalence ratio, and emission indices of CO₂, CO and NO_x were found to be lower. In particular, biodiesel produced with the addition of the peroxidation process had the lowest equivalence ratio and emission indices of CO₂, CO and NO_x among all of the four test fuels. Therefore, the peroxidation process can be used to effectively improve the fuel properties and reduce emissions when biodiesel is used.     

Physicochemical characteristics and thermal stability of Jordanian jojoba oil

Viscosity, flash point, refractive index, viscosity index, specific gravity, aniline point, foam testing, color stability, ash content, water content, saponification value, iodine value, and other properties were investigated for Jordanian jojoba oil. Results showed that jojoba oil has low ash and water contents and high flash point and viscosity index. Viscosity and specific gravity changed only slightly with temperatures. As an additive, jojoba oil improved the viscosity index of lubricants from 100 to 130. When subjected to heating and cooling from 40 to 200°C, the chemical structure, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index remained almost constant. Thus, jojoba oil was highly stable in this temperature range.