3DS VIZ引导建筑师和工程师跃入设计新天地

３ＤＳＶＩＺ引导建筑师和工程师跃入设计新天地３ＤＳＶＩＺ是Ａｕｔｏｄｅｓｋ今年对工程设计用户的新奉献之一，它也是基于３ＤＳＭＡＸ的母体技术而派生出的一项新产品，主要用于概念化设计和可视化设计。３ＤＳＭＡＸ软件主要面向电子游戏开发商和影视动画制作商，但...     

一种基于C扩展的SIMD的并行程序设计语言

ＳＩＭＣ（ＳＩＭＤＣ）是通过对Ｃ语言进行语法扩展（未进行语义扩展）得到的支持ＳＩＭＤ（ｓｉｎｇｌｅｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｄａｔａ）并行程序设计的并行语言．ＳＩＭＣ可方便地描述ＳＩＭＤ并行算法，具有ＳＩＭＤ计算机系统结构定义能力，可支持多种系统结构上的并行算法研究．ＳＩＭＣ语言的模拟执行系统已在单机上实现，并作为作者研究开发的ＳＩＭＤ计算机程序设计及性能评价模拟环境的并行程序设计语言，用于ＳＩＭＤ计算机算法及结构的性能评价.     

异构多库系统中的DBMS核心接口

异构多库系统通过局部ＤＢＭＳ核心存取数据，实现这些ＤＢＭＳ核心与整个系统交互的接口是多库集成的重要基础。本文论述多库系统中ＤＢＭＳ核心接口设计，并以Ｏｒａｅｌｅ，Ｉｎｇｒｅｓ，ｄＢＡＳＥ，Ｆｏｘｂａｓｅ等为例讨论ＤＢＭＳ核心接口的实现技术。     

经验点滴

显示卡知识大全 （接上期） ＳＧＲＡＭ（Ｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓ Ｇｒａｐｈｉｃｓ ＲＡＭ） ＳＧＲＡＭ（同步）是一种比较新的显存，而且它是为专为显示卡所设计的，它改进了过去低效能显存传输率较低的缺点，为显示卡性能的提高创造了条件。但是因为其设计制造成本过高，在普通显卡上采用的较少，一般都是运用在高端加速卡上。现在有很多低档３Ｄ加速卡都使用ＳＧＲＡＭ，但是经过比较你会发现其性能甚至还不如使用ＳＤＲＡＭ的同等产品。 ＳＤＲＡＭ（Ｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓ ＤＲＡＭ）相信大家对这种显存并不陌生，ＳＤＲＡＭ与早期…     

与设备无关的CAD／CAM软件生成环境

程序分级交互绘图系统ＰＨＩＧＳ（Ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｒ′ｓＨｉｅａｒｃｈｉｃａｌＩｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｖｅＧｒａｐｈｉｃＳｙｓｔｅｍ）是一种有用的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ软件生成工具。本文叙述一个应用程序设计环境，ＣＡＤＭＡＤＥ（ＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＡｉｄｅｄＤｅｓｉｇｎａｎｄＭａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＥｎｖｉｒｏｍｍｅｎｔ）它被设计成为一个标准支持软件的框架，帮助ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ程序员去产生一个新的用户ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ应用软件。ＣＡＤＭＡＤＥ不是对软件的一种描述，而是提出一套生成应用程序设计环境所必需的规则和风格。     

论面向CIMS管理与决策软件的UIMS设计方法

用户界面管理系统ＵＩＭＳ（ＵｓｅｒＩｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔＳｙｓｔｅｍ）是为用户界面设计者提供良好设计环境的辅助设计工具。本文首先讨论了人机交互软件的特殊性并从方法学的角度出发，研究其开发过程，提出了一种人机交互软件系统的开发方法－ＨＣＳＤＭ（Ｈｕｍａｎ－Ｃｏｍ－ｐｕｔｅｒＩｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＭｅｔｈｏｄ）。其次，从ＵＩＭＳ的基本特征、ＵＩＭＳ模型和ＵＩＭＳ规范说明出发，讨论了在ＵＩＭＳ研究与设计中应考虑的问题。最后，对ＵＩＭＳ的研究与开发前景进行了一些展望     

浅析Windows95的自举与卸载

本文剖析了Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５的自举过程，指出Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５自举时不依于ＤＯＳ的实模式内核文件：ＭＳ－ＤＯＳ扣的ＩＯ．ＳＹＳ和 ＭＳＤＯＳ．ＳＹＳ，或者ＩＢＭＤＯＳ的ＩＢＭＢＩＯ．ＣＯＭ和ＩＢＭＤＯＳ．ＣＯＭ和ＩＢＭＤＯＳ．ＣＯＭ。     

在Windows XP中安装实达ADSL2110—EH MODEM记实

安装实达ＡＤＳＬ２１１０－ＥＨ　ＭＯＤＥＭ主要有三个步骤：１激活ＭＯＤＥＭ；　２安装以太网网卡驱动程序；３安装拨号程序。　如何在Ｗｉｎ９８中安装ＡＤＳＬ　ＭＯＤＥＭ已经有很多文章介绍，想必许多人对此都比较清楚。而如何在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ　ＸＰ　中安装ＡＤＳＬ　ＭＯＤＥＭ的文章几乎没有，正是由于对Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ　ＸＰ　不熟悉，电信局的工作人员就企图按照和Ｗｉｎ９８同样的方式，在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ　ＸＰ中安装ＡＤＳＬ　ＭＯＤＥＭ，结果碰了钉子，花费了两天时间都没有把ＭＯＤＥＭ安装起来。　后来经过反复摸索才…     

DDR内存

ＤＤＲ是 Ｄｏｕｂｌｅ Ｄａｔａ Ｒａｔｅ ＳＤＲＡＭ的缩写（双倍数据速率）。ＤＤＲ ＳＤＲＡＭ内存技术是从主流的 ＰＣ６６,ＰＣ１００,ＰＣ１３３ＳＤＲＡＭ技术发展而来。这一新技术使新一代的高性能计算机系统成为可能,包括台式机、工作站、服务器、便携式,也包括新的通信产品,如路由器。ＤＤＲ内存目前被广泛应用于高性能图形适配器。 ＤＤＲ ＤＩＭＭｓ与ＳＤＲＡＭ ＤＩＭＭｓ的物理元数相同,但两侧的线数不同,ＤＤＲ应用１８４ｐｉｎｓ,而ＳＤＲＡＭ则应用１６８ｐｉｎｓ。因此,ＤＤＲ内存不向后兼容ＳＤＲＡＭ,要求…     

使用Microstation常遇的几个问题及解决

使用Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｔａｔｉｏｎ常遇的几个问题及解决石油大学时念云Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｔａｔｉｏｎ４．２是美国Ｉｎｔｅｒｓｒａｈ公司将其工作站上的交互式图形设计系统（ＩＧＤＳ）完整移植到微机上，而推出的微机版三维计算机辅助设计系统。由于它与工作站的ＩＧＤＳ具有良...     

A method of defuzzification based on the approach of areas' ratio

The new method of defuzzification of output parameters from the base of fuzzy rules for a Mamdani fuzzy controller is given in the paper. The peculiarity of the method is the usage of the universal equation for the area computation of the geometric shapes. During the realization of fuzzy inference linguistic terms, the structure changes from the triangular into a trapezoidal shape. That is why the universal equation is used. The method is limited and can be used only for the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Gaussian functions can also be used while modifying the proposed method. Traditional defuzzification models such as Middle of Maxima − MoM, First of Maxima − FoM, Last of Maxima − LoM, First of Suppport − FoS, Last of Support − LoS, Middle of Support − MoS, Center of Sums − CoS, Model of Height − MoH have a number of systematic errors: curse of dimensionality, partition of unity condition and absence of additivity. The above-mentioned methods can be seen as Center of Gravity − CoG, which has the same errors. These errors lead to the fact that accuracy of fuzzy systems decreases, because during the training root mean square error increases. One of the reasons that provokes the errors is that some of the activated fuzzy rules are excluded from the fuzzy inference. It is also possible to increase the accuracy of the fuzzy system through properties of continuity. The proposed method guarantees fulfilling of the property of continuity, as the intersection point of the adjustment linguistic terms equals 0.5 when a parametrized membership function is used. The causes of errors and a way to delete them are reviewed in the paper. The proposed method excludes errors which are inherent to the traditional and non- traditional models of defuzzification. Comparative analysis of the proposed method of defuzzification with traditional and non-traditional models shows its effectiveness.     

An approach to the synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems with a priori unknown model of an object

A method of synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems for a broad class of dynamic objects under the assumption that the mathematical model of the object is not known a priori is proposed. The control is formulated in the form of a proportional law of adjustment as a function of a macro-variable; the square of the Euclidean norm of the phase variables is adopted as the macro-variable. An analogous variable characterizes the distance of the object from the equilibrium position. Despite the simplicity of the control law, its sign remains constant due to the fact that the macro-variable is positive-definite over the entire phase space. The switching times of the signals are determined by fuzzy identification of the system’s dynamic modes on the basis of measurement of the derivatives of the macro-variable.     

Remote sensing of spring phenology in boreal regions: A free of snow-effect method using NOAA-AVHRR and SPOT-VGT data (1982-2004)

Measurements of spring phenological dates in boreal regions using NDVI can be affected by snowmelt. This impacts the analysis of interannual variations in phenology and the estimates of annual carbon fluxes. For these two objectives, snowmelt effect must be removed from the phenological detection. We propose a methodology for determining the date of onset of greening in the 1982-2004 period using SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. From 1998 onwards, the date of onset of greening is taken as the date at which the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), calculated from SPOT-VGT near and short-wave infrared bands, starts increasing. This index decreases with snowmelt but increases with vegetation greening. For the 1982-2001 period, the date of onset of greening is the date at which AVHRR-NDVI equals a pixel specific threshold (PST), determined using the results of the NDWI method in the years common to the two datasets. The methods are validated using in situ measurements of the dates of leaf appearance. RMSE of 6.7 and 7.8 days, respectively, is found using NDWI-VGT and PST-NOAA methodologies, and the difference between the two methodologies in the common years is small. Very importantly, the dates are not biased. The interannual variations of the 23-year spring phenology dataset on the study area in northern Eurasia are analysed. In average over the study area, an advance of 8 days and a delay of 3.6 days are, respectively, found over the periods 1982-1991 and 1993-2004. These results confirm and complete previous studies about the greening trend, remove the uncertainty due to snow, and may improve carbon budget calculations.     

3 Laser transmission joining in microtechnology

The laser is a joining tool which is particularly suitable for the application in microtechnology. The process variant laser transmission joining can be used both for welding thermoplastics and bonding of silicon and glass. The investigations presented in this paper cover detailed examinations of both processes. Concerning laser transmission welding of plastics it is examined how far the content of carbon black in the material influences the formation of the weld seam. It is shown that the optical depth of penetration, the weld seam width as well as the formation of the weld morphology differ with varying content of carbon black. Selective laser radiation bonding (SLB) is a novel method for joining silicon and glass based on the transmission heating of the interface of both joining partners and the thermo-chemical principles of silicon direct bonding. SLB shows advantages in reference to the thermal load of sensitive components like sensors and to the selectivity of the joining geometry. In this study the principle method of SLB and the latest advances like the integration of the thermal process control in the laser processing head will be presented. Also experimental test results of the process with constant laser power and thermal process control and the comparison of them will be shown.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Complement of Source Equation of Elastic Line

A new notion of joint, defined in terms of the state of motor (active or locked) and type of the elastic or rigid element, gear and/or link that follows after the motor, is introduced. Special attention is paid to the motion of the flexible links in the robotic configuration. The paper deals with the relationship between the equation of elastic line equilibrium, the “Euler–Bernoulli approach” (EBA), and equation of motion at the point of elastic line tip, the “Lumped-mass approach” (LMA). The Euler–Bernoulli equations (which have for a long time been used in the literature) should be expanded according to the requirements of the motion complexity of elastic robotic systems. The Euler–Bernoulli equation (based on the known laws of dynamics) should be supplemented with all the forces that are participating in the formation of the elasticity moment of the considered mode. This yields the difference in the structure of Euler–Bernoulli equations for each mode. The stiffness matrix is a full matrix. Mathematical model of the actuators also comprises coupling between elasticity forces. Particular integral of Daniel Bernoulli should be supplemented with the stationary character of elastic deformation of any point of the considered mode, caused by the present forces. General form of the elastic line is a direct outcome of the system motion dynamics, and cannot be described by one scalar equation but by three equations for position and three equations for orientation of every point on that elastic line. The choice of reference trajectory is analyzed. Simulation results are shown for a selected robotic example involving the simultaneous presence of elasticity of the gear and of the link (two modes), as well as the environment force dynamics.     

基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统研究与实现

针对空间想象能力培养的教学需要,对基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统 进行了研究。根据教与学的需要,确定了系统功能,设计了软件的框架结构。分析研究了移动设 备的系统平台,选择了系统的开发及运行平台。通过分析Android 框架中OpenGL ES 的设计接口, 实现了模型的轴测显示模式。通过分析OpenGL ES 中glDrawElements 方法的数据需求和VRML97 的数据格式,设计了虚拟模型加载器,实现了Android 系统中的VRML 模型3D 浏览器。开发了 软件的核心功能模块,设计实现了基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统。该系统因其创新 性和实用性,在2014 年第十四届全国多媒体课件大赛中荣获一等奖。     

协作机器人的构型分析研究

针对协作机器人的构型分析研究,得出了偏置是影响机器人构型的一个重要因素。首先,对现有典型协作机器人的构型进行分析,通过构型间的内在联系与演化过程得到构型之间的差异。然后利用构型之间的差异引出了偏置的定义,并通过偏置对关节运动范围的影响将其分为S型偏置和Y型偏置。最后以全局性能指标、工作空间体积指标和灵活工作空间指标为性能评价标准,对iiwa、Sawyer、Yumi三种典型构型的性能进行了仿真。通过对比分析可知,偏置的存在使构型的全局性能和工作空间体积性能降低,但对灵活工作空间性能有提高作用。结果表明偏置是影响机器人性能的重要因素,该分析研究为协作机器人的构型设计提供了理论依据。     

Stereometric pattern recognition by artificial touch

An artificial touch perception system has been created in order to study a method of processing information obtainable through tactile exploration of three-dimensional forms. The results can be useful for several purposes.The first part of the work concerns the project of the tactile explorator. For this purpose we used a kind of artificial limb like a finger with a certain number of touch sensitive transducers distributed along the surface of the finger tip. The information received by touching the object with the finger, is successively utilized as the input of the control servosystem which moves the finger point-by-point along the object surface in order to proceed with the exploration. It must be noticed that, from a philosophical point-of-view, the parallel approach with more fingers touching simultaneously the object in several points, is equal to sequential touching of these points by one moving finger.The second part describes the use of the propositional calculus in logical classification of the objects, as a method of three-dimensional pattern recognition.Elaboration of the input data obtained by tactile exploration, and computation of characteristic geometrical features of three-dimensional forms, has been performed on computer.     

Innovative uses of ICT in Chilean schools

Abstract This paper presents some of the results of the study of seven cases of innovative pedagogical practices using ICT. The study was performed in the framework of the application of SITES M2 in Chile. The results are divided in two sections. First is a summary of each case, highlighting its innovative characteristics that serve as models of 'good practice' for Chilean teachers. Second, the results of the analysis of what teachers did are outlined; the impact on students and the type of teaching and learning activities in use. Results show that these projects did not provide evidence of having impact on students' learning as defined in the national curriculum. However, they show that students participating in these projects could learn other things, had the opportunity to develop abilities defined as cross-curricular and practised ICT related skills. The analysis of the teaching and learning activities highlights some deficiencies in the way that teachers implement new teaching strategies.