建筑外墙保温体系防火安全性能试验研究

在目前条件下，提高建筑外墙保温体系防火安全性，应从体系防火构造措施人手。而非一味追求保温材料的高阻燃性。墙角火和窗口火两种试验能较真实地反映外墙外保温体系在实际火灾中的整体抗火能力。锥型量热计试验可用于外保温工程的常规检验。     

木垛火热释放速率的试验研究

基于耗氧原理,开展了不同尺寸木垛的热释放速率测定试验,得到不同尺寸木垛的热释放速率曲线。进一步分析得到,研究范围内木垛燃烧热释放速率峰值与外表面面积之间为不含常数项的二次多项式关系,以及木垛单位外表面面积的热释放速率强度与外表面面积间为线性正比例关系。并得到了特定热释放速率强度木垛尺寸的确定方法,方便了试验人员设计及使用木垛火火源。     

外墙外保温系统锥型量热计防火试验研究

为了探讨不同保温系统的防火性能,本文进行了2组小尺寸外墙外保温系统的锥型量热计试验。第1组试验结果表明胶粉聚苯颗粒外墙外保温系统和岩棉外墙外保温系统对火反应性能一致并大大优于聚苯板外墙外保温系统。第2组试验结果表明复合后的系统整体燃烧性能相当于A级,可作为不燃材料使用。     

基于正庚烷油池火验证大尺度量热装置

针对大尺度量热计装置,在隧道量热计内开展试验对正庚烷油池火热释放速率、热释放总量进行校正.利用冷流场校正了解排烟管道气体流量的稳定性及均匀性,分别针对不同油盘个数、排列方式条件下进行正庚烷油池火校正试验.结果表明:在冷流场校正试验中,排烟管道内的烟气体积流量维持在27.9 m3/s;通过对实测热值与理论热值的误差比较分...     

锥形量热计的发展及其在火灾科学研究中的应用

本文回顾了锥形量热计20年来的发展历史和利用它所开展的研究及其成果,并对锥形量热计将来的应用领域进行了展望.     

地下商业街火灾热释放速率试验研究

本文通过研究测定燃料质量损失速率和出口的烟气流速,建立小火荷试验的火灾热释放速率与烟气生成量的关系,从而获得实体火灾试验中的地下商业街火灾热释放速率（Heat Release Rate）数据和烟气质量流量数据。     

锥形量热计的发展及其在火灾科学研究中的应

本文回顾了锥形量热计 2 0年来的发展历史和利用它所开展的研究及其成果 ,并对锥形量热计将来的应用领域进行了展望     

建筑火灾中壁面痕迹与火源位置的关联性试验研究

对通风控制房间发生火灾后壁面痕迹与火源位置的关联性进行了试验研究,分析了火源位置不同时壁面材料燃烧痕迹的异同,并给出了不同火源位置时的热释放速率,壁面温度及辐射热分布情况。实验结果与理论分析是相吻合的,墙角火源引起的火灾比中心火源壁面位置的各项火灾参数偏大,墙角火的热释放速率是中心火的4倍,壁面受损更严重,痕迹更明显,可用于指导火灾调查工作。试验测得的各项参数也可为火灾模拟提供较为可靠的基础数据。     

材料防火分级新体系和评估方法

新型复合材料的发展，对现行的材料防火分级体系提出了质疑．而如何科学地确定复合材料的燃烧等级，已越来越引起人们的关注．根据理论分析和试验结果，提出了以标型量热计试验为基础的材料防火分级新体系及评估方法。     

单个小汽车火灾热释放速率影响因素分析

系统调研国内外单个小汽车全尺寸火灾试验结果,对点火时间、持续燃烧时间、火灾发展到HRR峰值所用时间和火灾HRR峰值进行统计分析,重点分析热释放速率的影响因素。结果表明,影响小汽车火灾试验结果的因素主要有:小汽车本身的燃烧性能、点火部位和点火方式、试验空间的围合状态以及油箱材质和油料数量等。     

Smoke release from wall linings in full-scale compartment fires

Smoke densities and rates of smoke production have been measured when different wall lining materials (chipboard, fibre insulating board, hardboard, polystyrene, plasterboard, and glass reinforced polyester) were exposed to fire in a full-scale compartment.A wooden crib was used as the main fire load, of a size equivalent to burning the contents of a lightly furnished room, which produced a level of radiation intensity on the walls similar to that used with the National Bureau of Standards test.Implications of the smoke released by the different linings are discussed, with some reservations because only a single test was carried out with each wall lining, and because in tests of this kind fire development and smoke production relate to environmental conditions and to the exact nature of the material examined.     

空余罐壁无量纲高度对热释放速率的影响

针对不同罐径、油层上不同空余罐壁高度进行了油罐火灾实验,发现油罐空余罐壁在水平和竖直方向上都削弱了油品蒸气与周围空气的热质交换,油罐空余罐壁越高,热释放速率值越低。研究空余罐壁无量纲高度对油罐火灾热释放速率的影响,对热释放速率均值计算公式进行修正。结果表明,在一定范围内,充分发展阶段的释放速率均值与公式计算值有很好的对应关系。     

建筑火灾过程中烟气与热排放作用分析

分析了建筑火灾过程中烟气与热排放的目的，我国相关技术规范与欧共体及德国标准相比的不足之处，在此基础上系统地介绍了烟气与热排放的工程方法及烟气与热排放的计算方法，并通过工程实例分析了烟气与热排放的作用效果。     

Mixing effect and combustion efficiency in compartment fires

A new model for compartment fires is proposed in which the new concept of combustion efficiency based on the mixing process of the fuel gas and air has been considered. This new concept was formulated by the mixing parameter, μ. It was defined as μ1 − exp(−τ^*) and τ^* was related to the residence time t_R and mixing time t_M, that is, τ^* = t_R/t_M.

A simple one zone model was used in order to demonstrate the effect of the mixing process. Theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental results of methanol and PMMA compartment fires, and especially the scale effect of the compartment was predicted successfully. Further, the similarity law for this scale effect was investigated, and the upper and lower limits of flashover were defined using a new number F. This F number was found to be the key parameter for the prediction of the compartment fire behavior.     

Modelling of compartment fires

This paper provides a brief review of the modelling of fire growth in compartments and explains the main lines of development and some of the questions raised by each type of modelling.

Much of the work is from the USA and Japan, but European countries are becoming more interested in this subject and there is strong international co-operation both informal and within CIB.     

分隔空间火灾热量反馈对可燃物放热率的影响

目前,日本防火设计和设计火灾模型频繁使用的可燃物放热率数据,是在自由空间燃烧时用家具测热计或锥形量热仪测定的.瑞典、英国、美国的可燃物放热率数据库,也是自由空间燃烧的数据.     

A discussion of compartment fires

A discussion of an earlier paper by T. Z. Harmathy.     

The role of thermal feedback in compartment fires

A response to P. H. Thomas’ comments. Note: This paper is a contribution from the Division of Building Research, National Research Council of Canada, and is published with the approval of the Director of the Division.     

Statistical characterization of the time to reach peak heat release rate for nuclear power plant electrical enclosure fires

Since publication of NUREG/CR-6850 (EPRI 1011989), EPRI/NRC-RES Fire PRA Methodology for Nuclear Power Facilities in 2005, phenomenological modeling of fire growth to peak heat release rate (HRR) for electrical enclosure fires in nuclear power plant probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) has typically assumed an average 12-min rise time [1]. One previous analysis using the data from NUREG/CR-6850 from which this estimate derived indicated this could be represented by a gamma distribution with alpha (shape) and beta (scale) parameters of 8.66 and 1.31, respectively [2]. Completion of the test program by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) for electrical enclosure heat release rates, documented in NUREG/CR-7197, Heat Release Rates of Electrical Enclosure Fires (HELEN-FIRE) in 2016, has provided substantially more data from which to characterize this growth time to peak HRR [3]. From these, the author develops probabilistic distributions that enhance the original NUREG/CR-6850 results for both qualified and unqualified cables.² The mean times to peak HRR are 13.3 and 10.1 min, respectively, with a mean of 12.4 min when all data are combined, confirming that the original NUREG/CR-6850 estimate of 12 min was quite reasonable.Via statistical-probabilistic analysis, the author shows that the time to peak HRR for qualified and unqualified cables can again be well represented by gamma distributions with alpha and beta parameters of 1.88 and 7.07, and 3.86 and 2.62, respectively. Working with the gamma distribution for All cables given the two cable types, the author performs simulations demonstrating that non-suppression probabilities, on average, are 30% and 10% higher than the use of a 12-min point estimate when the fire is assumed to be detected at its start and halfway between its start and the time it reaches its peak, respectively. This suggests that adopting a probabilistic approach enables more realistic modeling of this particular fire phenomenon (growth time).