细胞稀释强化硅橡胶膜生物反应器连续乙醇发酵

通过原位重力沉降分离酵母和渗透汽化分离乙醇构建了细胞稀释连续乙醇发酵的硅橡胶膜生物反应器。采用酿酒酵母,以0.05/h的细胞稀释率在膜生物反应器中实现了170 h的连续稳定乙醇发酵。重力沉降分离酵母对硅橡胶膜生物反应器产生的细胞稀释作用可以通过反应器内酵母自身生长得到平衡,发酵液细胞浓度稳定在5g/L。渗透汽化原位分离使发酵液内乙醇浓度维持在50 g/L。细胞稀释膜生物反应器连续发酵的乙醇体积产率达到1.63 g/(L.h),相对于同等工艺参数的细胞封闭循环膜生物反应器连续乙醇发酵细胞比产率提高了31%。     

通气量对酿酒酵母GGSF16高浓度乙醇发酵的影响

在5 L发酵罐中,研究了以260 g/L葡萄糖为底物,不同通气量对酿酒酵母GGSF16高浓度乙醇发酵的影响。结果表明,与厌氧条件相比,通入适当的空气是高浓度乙醇发酵过程中重要的控制参数,能够缩短发酵时间,增加酵母细胞量,提高酵母细胞的存活率和乙醇耐受性。然而,乙醇产率与单位质量的酵母细胞消耗葡萄糖和生成乙醇的能力降低。最适通气量为80 m L/min,酵母细胞干重为14.16 g/L,发酵强度为3.93 g/(L·h),比厌氧分别提高104%和70.1%,终点乙醇浓度为117.9 g/L,乙醇产率为0.452 g/g(发酵效率87.8%)。     

糖浓度对酒精酵母GJ2008果糖与葡萄糖利用差异性的影响

在不同糖浓度条件下,以YPDF培养基模拟甘蔗汁进行酒精发酵,测定过程中各参数的变化,并对果糖与葡萄糖消耗过程进行曲线拟合,以拟合方程计算出果糖与葡萄糖代谢一半和代谢完全所需时间.结果表明,糖浓度为90gL～270g/L,酵母GJ2008始终会偏用葡萄糖,果糖利用一直受到葡萄糖的竞争性抑制.糖浓度为90g/L时,细胞生长受糖浓度抑制程度最小,但乙醇产率较低;糖浓度为230g/L,发酵液中葡萄糖含量较低时,果糖受葡萄糖的竞争性抑制得到了解除,果糖的利用急剧加快;糖浓度为250g/L和270g/L,发酵液中葡萄糖含量较低时,果糖受葡萄糖的竞争性抑制得到了解除,但果糖的利用并没有加快,表现为后期酵母数维持值较低.糖浓度对果糖代谢的影响要大于对葡萄糖代谢的影响,较低糖浓度有利于后期果糖与葡萄糖利用差异性的缩小.     

不同初始葡萄糖浓度乙醇发酵过程研究

对酿酒酵母GGSF16不同初始葡萄糖浓度乙醇发酵进行研究,旨在了解不同初始葡萄糖浓度乙醇发酵过程,得到乙醇分批发酵的最适初始葡萄糖浓度。通过Logistic方程对乙醇发酵过程进行拟合。基于得到的拟合方程,对乙醇发酵过程中葡萄糖消耗、酵母生长及乙醇生成的速率进行比较。结果表明,随着初始葡萄糖浓度升高,发酵过程中葡萄糖消耗、酵母生长及乙醇生成的速率降低以及达到最大速率的时间滞后,从发酵结果综合比较乙醇浓度、葡萄糖利用率及发酵效率,初始葡萄糖浓度为286.5g/L的乙醇发酵结果较为理想,最终乙醇浓度达到133.14 g/L,葡萄糖利用率为99.07%,对总糖的发酵效率为90.95%。     

甲酸对酿酒酵母的细胞毒性

研究甲酸对酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)GGSF16的毒害作用,测定不同质量浓度甲酸对酿酒酵母生长代谢的影响,结果表明,甲酸质量浓度为1.8 g/L时能够明显抑制酵母细胞的生长和降低乙醇产量,延长细胞发酵周期;酵母细胞外的核酸、蛋白质和丙二醛含量分别是对照组的1.4、1.67倍和5.3倍,...     

糠醛对酿酒酵母GGSF16葡萄糖酒精发酵的影响

研究了不同质量浓度糠醛对酿酒酵母GGSF16葡萄糖酒精发酵的影响,旨在为木质纤维素水解液酒精发酵提供参考和依据。以酵母浸出粉胨葡萄糖培养基替代木质纤维素水解液,调节糠醛质量浓度为0～2 g/L之间七个不同梯度,基于曲线下面积法考察糠醛对葡萄糖酒精发酵的影响。结果表明,随着糠醛质量浓度的增加酒精发酵周期延长,乙醇产率逐渐降低,但最终酒精度并没有明显差别;当糠醛质量浓度为0时乙醇产率最高,为3.24 g/（L·h）;发酵周期最短,为6.94 h。     

绿原酸对酿酒酵母发酵特性的影响

以模拟苹果汁为发酵体系,添加质量浓度为0（对照组）、0.01、0.1、1.0 g/L的绿原酸,通过考察发酵过程中酿酒酵母CICC31084的生物量、葡萄糖消耗、CO2释放、发酵液乙醇生成以及发酵液关键香气物质变化,研究发酵过程中绿原酸对酿酒酵母发酵特性的影响。结果表明：高质量浓度绿原酸能够促进酵母细胞生长,加快CO2释放和糖代谢速率,延缓发酵前期乙醇生成速率,高质量浓度（1.0 g/L）绿原酸对酿酒酵母发酵特性的影响更加显著,能够缩短整个发酵周期2～3 d。绿原酸作用下,发酵末期香气物质苯乙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯含量增加,正己酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯含量降低,而辛酸乙酯含量差异不大。     

固定化酵母-膜生物反应器连续发酵生产乙醇的研究

对固定化酿酒活性干酵母-硅橡胶膜生物反应器连续发酵生产乙醇进行了实验研究。对固定化酵母和游离酵母的发酵能力进行了比较,实验研究了系统在长期运行过程中的发酵反应动力学参数和膜传质动力学参数等基本性能。结果表明,酵母细胞固定化后,其发酵速度有明显提高;膜渗透汽化分离产物乙醇使发酵反应能够长时间连续稳定地进行,葡萄糖消耗率和乙醇体积产率都较间歇发酵有明显的提高;在连续运行中,发酵液中葡萄糖浓度控制在20～50g/L的范围内,乙醇体积产率为4.0g/（L·h）,罐内乙醇浓度基本保持在45g/L左右,固定化酵母浓度维持在1.05×10^10～2.15×10^10个/克胶,发酵液中游离酵母浓度维持在0.02×10^10～0.098×10^10个/mL,膜的渗透通量和分离因子分别为300～500g/（m^2·h）和3.6～7.2;实验系统连续运行了294h,收得渗透冷凝液4841.7g,平均质量分数为21.3%。     

亚硫酸氢钠对酵母GJ2008高质量浓度蔗糖乙醇发酵的影响

探索不同质量浓度亚硫酸氢钠对酵母GJ2008高质量浓度蔗糖乙醇发酵的影响,旨在为甘蔗糖蜜高质量浓度乙醇发酵提供研究基础。用YPS培养基替代甘蔗糖蜜,调节亚硫酸氢钠质量浓度为0.00、0.16、0.49、1.14、1.63 g/L,以初始酵母数为5.15×107个/mL进行乙醇发酵,采用曲线下面积等方法对发酵过程进行分析。结果表明：亚硫酸氢钠抑制了酵母的活性,使总糖消耗速率变慢和乙醇产率降低;亚硫酸氢钠质量浓度越高,影响越大。当亚硫酸氢钠质量浓度为1.63 g/L时,与对照组相比最大总糖消耗速率降低了53.49%,发酵周期延长了37.50%,乙醇产率下降了33.86%。与果糖代谢相比葡萄糖代谢更易受到亚硫酸氢钠的抑制,且抑制程度随亚硫酸氢钠质量浓度的增大而增强。     

邻苯二酚对酿酒酵母理化特性的影响

邻苯二酚是木质纤维素水解液中一种主要的细胞生长抑制物,毒性作用较强,能抑制后续酒精发酵过程中酿酒酵母的生长和发酵性能。本文研究邻苯二酚对酿酒酵母GGSF16理化特性的影响,结果表明,邻苯二酚质量浓度为1.2 g/L时,明显抑制酿酒酵母细胞的生长和代谢,导致消耗葡萄糖的时间变慢和乙醇发酵周期变长,降低乙醇生成率;明显改变酵母细胞的膜通透性,使胞内核酸和蛋白质发生内漏,含量分别是对照组的2.50,2.01倍;细胞内的应激代谢物海藻糖含量显著升高2.89倍;此外,为了抵抗细胞的氧化损伤,胞内GSH含量显著降低70.63%。扫描电子显微镜显示：用邻苯二酚处理后,表面光滑、饱满的酵母细胞的细胞壁和细胞膜被破坏,出现空洞、大量撕裂碎片和彼此之间粘黏等现象,细胞失去保护作用而死亡。本研究初步明确了酚类物质对酿酒酵母的损伤和毒性机制,为进一步揭示木质纤维素水解液对酿酒酵母的抑制作用提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press