自循环曝气厌氧膜生物反应器培养厌氧氨氧化菌的研究

利用浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器(SAnMBR)对Anammox细菌进行富集培养,同时利用Anammox反应产生的氮气对膜组件进行自循环吹扫,有效地缓解膜污染,实现SAnMBR与Anammox工艺的有机结合。选用絮状污泥为接种泥,反应器成功运行了69 d。在此过程中,最大氮负荷为1.8 kg/m3·d,总氮去除率整体维持在83%,增加曝气量对Anammox菌的活性和颗粒粒径无明显影响。除此之外,应用循环曝气系统对膜表面进行在线冲刷,相比无曝气条件,保持曝气量为0.2 m3/h时,膜使用周期由4 d延长到38 d。选用Lawrence-McCarty模型研究Anammox菌的生长动力学特性,得真实产率(YT为0.17 mg/mg,衰减系数(Kd)为0.01 d-1,Anammox菌增长速度快。相比其他反应器(如SBR、UASB),MBR具有更好的富集效果。     

香兰素废水处理技术研究及工艺设计

采用预处理-加压曝气生物氧化工艺处理香兰素生产废水。反应器在200 kPa压力条件下,COD容积负荷率达5.5~8.0 kg/m3.d,进水COD质量浓度为2 000~2 500 mg/L,反应时间为8~10 h时,处理后的出水COD质量浓度小于100 mg/L,达到污水综合排放一级标准。还对加压曝气生物反应器原理、工艺流程、运行参数、工艺设计等方面进行了介绍。     

滤速对悬浮填料曝气生物滤池处理效果的影响

应用新型悬浮填料曝气生物滤池对广州市某污水处理厂的实际污水进行中试试验,控制滤速分别为6m/h、8m/h、10m/h、12m/h,以考察工艺在不同滤速下对氨氮,总氮和COD的去除能力。试验结果表明,在悬浮填料生物滤池滤速为10m/h、升流式悬浮填料柱曝气量为1m~3/h、降流式悬浮填料柱到升流式悬浮填料曝气柱回流比为100%、砂滤池滤速为7m~3/h的工况下,可达到最优处理效果。进水氨氮、总氮、COD分别为7.40~15.05mg/L、14.02~22.42mg/L、165~225mg/L,砂滤出水的氨氮、总氮、COD分别低于0.42mg/L、10mg/L和20mg/L,平均去除率分别达到96.88%、55.92%和91.47%。中试系统运行稳定,出水水质指标达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。     

膜组器结构优化及工艺运行参数调整研究

膜生物反应器技术是当前最先进的污水处理技术之一,在世界范围内广泛应用于市政污水处理领域。该技术有着出水水质好、占地小、污泥排放量少、运行稳定、操作简单等优点。但是一次性投资及运行费用较高等问题阻碍了其在污水处理中的推广应用。传统连续曝气控制膜污染是膜生物反应器最大耗能部分,约占整个系统能耗的60%左右。为有效降低膜生物反应器工艺的运行费用,同时保证曝气控制膜污染的效果,笔者从膜片间距,结合曝气方式、气水比3方面进行研究,以优化膜组器结构实现膜生物反应器工艺运行费用的根本性降低。经研究发现当膜片间距为24 mm,气水比为30:1,曝气方式为曝气10 s停10 s的频率时,曝气控制膜污染的效果与连续曝气控制膜污染效果相似,甚至更好。以此研究为基础,确定了针对北京市郊区县农村排放污水的膜生物反应器工艺的运行参数:污泥浓度为(5～12)g/L;气水比为(20～40)∶1;每(2～3)个月进行1次在线清洗,清洗药剂浓度为3 g/L;自吸泵抽停比为7∶1。     

化学生物絮凝、悬浮填料移动床硝化工艺优化研究及曝气控制初探

以氨氮浓度作为悬浮填料生物反应器的控制指标,来控制优化反应过程中的曝气量和曝气时间,以达到既能使氨氮硝化令氨氮出水达标,又能优化曝气量,节约运行成本的目的。试验结果表明:对于不同的污水排放标准,化学生物絮凝和悬浮填料床组合工艺有不同的最佳工艺条件。(1)当要求达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放二级标准时,工艺参数为:可以省去悬浮填料床工艺阶段。(2)当要求达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放一级B标准时,工艺参数为:悬浮填料床阶段水力停留时间(HRT)为2·3h左右,气水比为2·5∶1;化学生物絮凝阶段混凝剂(聚氯化铝铁)投加量为80mg/L(…     

不同生物膜载体净化微污染水挂膜及处理效果研究

采用生物接触氧化工艺,选择生物绳填料、组合填料及弹性填料进行对比试验,在HRT分别为24h、16h和12h的条件下运行生物反应器。对挂膜阶段及稳定运行阶段COD、NH_3-N、TN和TP的去除情况进行测定及分析。结果表明:30天内3种生物膜载体均可挂膜成功且对微污染水体有显著净化作用,改变HRT对COD、NH_3-N、TN和TP的去除效果影响不大。生物绳填料在曝气/停曝时间比为6h∶6h,曝气量为250L/h,HRT为24h的条件下,对COD、NH_3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为75.87%、76.05%、37.1%和25.41%。     

生活污水悬浮体去除特性试验及对后续生化处理的影响研究

采用实验室模拟试验,研究了曝气沉砂预处理中不同曝气时间和曝气强度、重力沉淀预处理中不同沉淀时间下对生活污水悬浮固体的去除效果,确定了合适的曝气沉砂和初沉试验参数,考察了后续生化处理的效果,并与采用污水处理厂实际预处理参数的处理效果进行了比较.结果表明,曝气沉砂合适参数是曝气量0.095 m3/h.曝气时间3 min,曝气头高度离底1.5/5,生活污水中悬浮固体、古沙量、总氮、总磷和总化学需氧量的去除率分别为21.18%、43.56%、2.91%、2.02%、5.63%.重力沉淀的合适初沉时间为30 min,生活污水中悬浮固体、总氮、总磷和总化学需氧量的去除率分别为50.1%、3.5%、10.1%、31.87%.对后续生化处理无不良影响,预处理适当.     

厌氧好氧耦合式生物滤池技术处理城镇生活污水试验研究

对以流化状态运行的升流式厌氧好氧耦合生物滤池反应器处理城镇生活污水进行了试验研究,分别探讨了厌氧/好氧体积比、混合液回流比与曝气强度等因素对污染物去除效果的影响,以及最佳参数下对城镇生活污水中污染物的去除效果。结果表明:厌氧/好氧体积比为1:1.3,混合液回流比为100%,好氧段DO质量浓度为4.0 mg/L时,升流式厌氧好氧耦合生物滤池装置处理效果达到最佳,对COD、 NH3-N和TN的平均去除率分别达95.32%、 96.67%和49.63%。     

TUBAF处理高浓度有机废水的动力学研究

使用页岩生物陶粒填料的两级上向流曝气生物滤池(TUBAF)处理厂区高浓度有机废水,一级滤池的滤料粒径为5～8mm,二级滤池的滤料粒径为3～5mm。滤池分别在0.94m3/(m2.h)、1.59m3/(m2.h)、1.92m3/(m2.h)三种水力负荷下运行,气水比为8∶1,水温介于12.5～17.1℃。针对厂区高浓度有机废水的特殊条件,基于Eckenfelder模型,考虑悬浮物的影响,从污水分散式处理实际运行的角度,推导出两段上向流曝气生物滤池有机底物去除过程的动力学模型,该模型可为设计和运行提供参考。     

将传统活性污泥处理工艺改造为复合生物处理工艺的研究

模拟广州开发区西区污水处理厂的传统活性污泥工艺,通过投加填料形成复合生物处理工艺,进行了处理规模为3 m3/d的中试试验.考察了复合生物处理工艺不同填料,不同曝气方式及填料投配量对处理后出水CODCr的影响,并测定出复合生物处理工艺对提高污水处理量的具体数据.对传统活性污泥法运行的污水处理厂进行技术改造,提高其处理能力和处理效果,有一定借鉴价值.     

一体式膜生物反应器处理焦化废水

介绍了用一体式膜生物反应器(M BR)处理焦化废水的技术,讨论了对焦化废水中的COD,NH3-N和浊度的去除效果及影响因素。实验结果表明,一体式膜生物反应器用于处理焦化废水在技术上是可行的,调整合适的操作参数,其对焦化废水中的COD,NH3-N和浊度的平均去除率分别达到80%、95%、90%以上,操作简单,出水水质好,稳定,且优于国家一级排放标准,有一定的推广意义。     

Start up of an anaerobic inverse turbulent bed reactor fed with wine distillery wastewater using pre-colonised bioparticles.

The long start-up period of fluidized bed biofilm reactors is a serious obstacle for their wide installation in the anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater. This paper presents the results of an anaerobic inverse turbulent bioreactor treating distillery wastewater during 117 days of operation at a laboratory scale. The pre-colonized bioparticles for this work were obtained from a similar reactor processing the same wastewater and which had a start-up period of 3 months. The system attained carbon removal efficiency rates between 70 and 92%, at an organic loading rate of 30.6 kg m(-3) d(-1) (chemical oxygen demand) with a hydraulic retention time of 11.1 h. The results obtained showed that the start-up period of this kind of reactors can be reduced by 3 using pre-colonized bioparticles.     

阶梯式跌水与微孔曝气一体化氧化沟性能研究

为解决我国丘陵地带中小城镇生活污水处理厂的建设和运行费用偏高等实际问题,利用丘陵地势条件,将阶梯式跌水曝气装置、微孔曝气器、潜水推进器等节能技术应用到一体化氧化沟工艺中,设计出一种新型污水处理工艺。小试和中试结果均表明:该工艺具有良好的充氧性能,在处理污水能达标排放的同时取得了很好的节能效果。结合混合液流态和阶梯式跌水装置复氧过程等方面的节能机理分析,导出的阶梯式跌水曝气装置复氧过程中氧亏比的数学计算模型为该工艺指导实践提供了理论依据。     

利用沸石去除电镀废水中重金属离子的试验研究

天然沸石经过适当改性后用于去除电镀废水中重金属离子的试验结果表明:沸石具有较好的离子交换性能,可同时去除电镀废水中的Zn,Cr,Ni等重金属离子,以确保电镀废水达标排放。采用沸石进行电镀废水处理时,其最佳过流速度为4～5m/h,此时,Zn,Cr,Ni的有效去除率分别达到80%,60%,40%以上,工作周期可长达12h以上。     

生化法处理ADC发泡剂废水的试验研究

采用缺氧池、需氧池和间隙曝气池组合工艺生化法处理高浓度氨氮废水———ADC发泡剂。试验表明,在温度为28℃,pH值为7.4~7.8,C/N为5,回流比R为200%和r为150%时,NH3-N去除率可达92.75%;NH3-N负荷对NH3-N的去除率有较大的影响,应低于0.12 kg/(m3.d)。     

Removal of ibuprofen from wastewater: comparing biodegradation in conventional, membrane bioreactor, and biological nutrient removal treatment systems.

Pharmaceuticals are continually being introduced into the influent of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Developing a better understanding of pharmaceutical removal mechanisms within the different treatment processes is vital in preventing downstream contamination of our water resources. In this study, ibuprofen, a popular over-the-counter pain reliever, was monitored by taking wastewater samples throughout the City of Guelph municipal WWTP. Greater than 95% of ibuprofen was found to be removed in the aeration tank, with aerobic biodegradation being the dominant mechanism. For comparison, first-order kinetics were used to quantify ibuprofen biodegradation in a conventional WWTP aeration tank and in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) pilot plant. The rate constants, k biol, for the conventional tank and the MBR were determined to be (-6.8+/-3.3) L/g SS*d and (-8.4+/-4.0) L/g SS*d, respectively. These two rate constants were found to be statistically similar. Preliminary study of a biological nutrient removal pilot system also suggests that ibuprofen can be anaerobically degraded.     

Treatment of slaughterhouse plant wastewater by using a membrane bioreactor

The use of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for removal of organic substances and nutrients from slaughterhouse plant wastewater was investigated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of slaughterhouse wastewater were found to be approximately 571 mg O2/L, 102.5 mg/L, and 16.25 mg PO4-P/L, respectively. A submerged type membrane was used in the bioreactor. The removal efficiencies for COD, total organic carbon (TOC), TP and TN were found to be 97, 96, 65, 44% respectively. The COD value of wastewater was decreased to 16 mg/L (COD discharge standard for slaughterhouse plant wastewaters is 160 mg/L). TOC was decreased to 9 mg/L (TOC discharge standard for slaughterhouse plant wastewaters is 20 mg/L). Ammonium, and nitrate nitrogen concentrations of treated effluent were 0.100 mg NH4-N/L, and 80.521 mg NO3-N/L, respectively. Slaughterhouse wastewater was successfully treated with the MBR process.     

Aeration of large-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants: state of the art.

Aeration is the most energy-intensive operation in wastewater treatment, amounting to 45-75% of plant energy costs. Fine-pore diffusers are today almost ubiquitous in municipal wastewater aeration, due to their advantageous aeration efficiency (mass of oxygen transferred per unit energy required). Nevertheless, older municipal treatment facilities and many industrial treatment plants are still equipped with coarse-bubble or surface aerators. Fine-pore diffusers are subject to two major disadvantages: a) fouling, if not cleaned periodically; b) decrease in oxygen transfer efficiency caused by dissolved surfactants. Coarse-bubble and surface aerators are typically not subject to the traditional problems affecting fine-pore diffusers. Nonetheless, they achieve oxygen transfer at the expense of increased energy intensity. The increased biomass concentration associated with high mean cell retention time (MCRT) operations has a beneficial effect on aeration. Nutrient-removing selectors are able to further increase aeration efficiency, as they sorb and utilize the readily available substrate which otherwise would accumulate at bubble surfaces and dramatically decrease aeration efficiency. We summarise here our 30-year long experience in aeration research, and results obtained with clean- and process-water tests are used to show the beneficial effects of high MCRT operations, the beneficial effect of selectors, and the decline of aeration efficiency due to dissolved surfactants.     

Dynamical modelling of an activated sludge system of a petrochemical plant operating at high temperatures.

The Mexican petrochemical industry, Morelos S.A. de C.V., is one of the biggest and more important petroleum industries in Mexico and Latin America. It has an activated sludge system to treat its wastewater flow, which is approximately 7,000 m3/d. The wastewater contains volatile organic carbon substances classified as toxics. The old surface aeration system was changed for fine bubble diffusers; however, one major drawback of the new aeration system is that the temperature in the bioreactor has increased due to the compression of the air, which at the compressor exit reaches 85 degrees C. This effect results in the temperature in the bioreactor attaining 32 degrees C during the fall, whereas in the spring and summer, the bioreactor temperature reaches higher values than 40 degrees C. The high temperatures reduce the microorganism activity and cause a higher volatilisation rate of volatile compounds, among other effects, which affect the performance of the biological treatment. This work was performed to obtain a better modelling of the wastewater treatment from the petrochemical industry. The model describes the effect of the temperature on the performance of the biological treatment. The model was obtained from tests that were carried out in laboratory reactors with 14 L capacity, which were operated at different temperatures (from 30 to 45 degrees C), with the same wastewater and conditions as the actual system.