十六烷基三甲基溴化铵修饰的羧基化单壁碳纳米管的细胞毒性

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）作为表面活性剂修饰羧基化的单壁碳纳米管（SWNT-COOH/CTAB）,并对原始单壁碳纳米管（SWNTs）与羧基化修饰的单壁碳纳米管（SWNT-COOH）进行材料学特征比较。通过细胞活力和细胞凋亡实验对SWNTs、SWNT-COOH和SWNT-COOH/CTAB的细胞毒性进行比较。结果表明,羧基化修饰的单壁碳纳米管比原始单壁碳纳米管的毒性小,单壁碳纳米管经羧基化后其毒性降低;浓度及时间曲线显示SWNT-COOH/CTAB的毒性与表面活性剂CTAB相关,CTAB和 SWNT-COOH/CTAB的细胞毒性在低浓度范围内（0.5-25μg/mL）是可接受的。十六烷基三甲基溴化铵修饰的羧基化单壁碳纳米管在低浓度范围（0.5-25μg/mL）内可以较安全地用于生物医学领域。     

单链DNA/表面活性剂与单壁碳纳米管的亲合力及荧光检测性能(英文)

研制一种基于单链DNA与单壁碳纳米管荧光变化的新型荧光探针用于表面活性剂物质的检测方法。考察了温度对探针稳定性的影响,通过观察实时荧光光谱变化来评估单壁碳纳米管与5种常见表面活性剂物质的亲和性,观察镁离子及pH对探针检测表面活性物质的影响,通过观察荧光发射光谱变化来考察加入不同浓度表面活性物质曲拉通X-100后荧光探针的荧光恢复情况。结果表明,在5~80°C的温度范围内,探针十分稳定;单壁碳纳米管与5种常见表面活性物质的亲和力由强至弱依次为曲拉通X-100、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、吐温-20、吐温-80、十二烷硫酸钠;荧光探针检测的最佳Mg2+浓度为10mmol/L,pH为7.4;当加入不同浓度的表面活性剂物质曲拉通X-100时,探针体系的荧光逐渐得到恢复。     

通过喷涂的方法使用单壁碳纳米管制备柔性透明导电薄膜

采用喷涂的方法将分散剂SDS和去离子水分散好的单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）喷到基底为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯PET上制备柔性透明导电薄膜（TCFs）,这种柔性透明导电薄膜具有很高的柔韧性和透明度,当然这种柔性透明导电薄膜（TCFs）的面电阻和透明度与单壁碳纳米（SWCNTs）的长度、直径、缺陷、手征、纯度及分散度等相关,而且分散程度对于柔性透明导电薄膜（TCFs）的特性有很大的影响。     

新型TiNbTaZr合金的生物腐蚀性和细胞毒性(英文)

通过真空自耗电弧炉开发一种新型β钛合金Ti35Nb2Ta3Zr,其弹性模量仅为48GPa,探讨该合金的耐腐蚀性能和细胞毒性。在Ringer模拟体液中,通过测量开路电位、极化阻抗谱和极化曲线发现Ti35Nb2Ta3Zr的腐蚀性优于Ti6Al4V和Ti。细胞毒性试验证明Ti35Nb2Ta3Zr的生物相容性与目前临床常用的Ti6Al4V和Ti相当。因此,该新型β钛合金Ti35Nb2Ta3Zr具有良好的耐腐蚀性和生物相容性,未来作为生物材料具有广阔前景。     

半导体型与金属型单壁碳纳米管的“原位”选择性制备及其研究进展

单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)由于其高强度、高韧性、高导电率和高导热率被广泛用于微纳电子器件领域。然而,目前普通方法制备的SWNTs均为金属型和半导体型的混合物,极大地阻碍了SWNTs的应用。实现不同结构的SWNTs的有效分离是解决其研究与应用困境的有效途径。本文以金属型SWNTs(m-SWNTs)和半导体型SWNTs(s-SWNTs)的选择性制备为目标,系统分析和比较近几年发展的"原位"选择性制备的主要技术和方法,并在此基础上总结了SWNTs的金属型和半导体型控制生长的基本思路及实现途径,以期为后续SWNTs的规模化制备奠定基础。     

碳纳米管增强银复合材料的导热性(英文)

通过分子水平层级混合制备了碳纳米管增强银基复合材料。研究了碳纳米管的类型(单壁/多壁)及功能化模式(共价键/非共价键)对银复合材料导热性的影响。XRD及EDS结果表明,复合材料中存在银与碳。高分辨率扫描电镜和透射电镜结果表明碳纳米管均匀地嵌在银基体中。利用拉曼光谱和FTIR研究了共价键功能化对多壁碳纳米管的影响。共价键功能化后,碳纳米管中引入了功能团且保持结构完整。利用激光闪光技术以及有效介质理论研究了复合材料的导热性。实验结果表明:加入共价功能化的单壁和多壁纳米碳管后,材料的导热性降低。但加入非共价键功能化的多壁碳纳米管后,复合材料的有效导热性增强,这与不考虑界面热阻时的有效介质理论预测结果一致。     

一种针对mdr1 基因的寡核苷酸-阿霉素偶联物:对KB-A-1 细胞的毒性及其抑制P-gp 蛋白表达的效果

目的:癌细胞膜上P-gp 糖蛋白的过量表达是肿瘤多药抗性的主要机制。人体内编码P-gp 糖蛋白的基因中仅有mdr1 涉及多药抗性。本研究中设计了针对mdr1 的反义核酸与阿霉素的偶联物, 并且对其细胞毒性进行了考察。同时对偶联物对人表皮癌细胞株KB-A-1 内的P-gp 蛋白的表达也做了分子水平上的研究。方法:使用MTT 法考察偶联物对KB-A-1 细胞的毒性。用HPLC 考察偶联物对细胞内阿霉素的积累量的影响。对于P-gp 蛋白表达的变化, 主要是通过RT-PCR 及WesternBlot 方法进行了研究。结果:偶联物的细胞毒性比寡核苷酸高。在低剂量的偶联物(0.5 μmol·L^-1) 的作用下, 细胞对阿霉素的敏感性提高。偶联物能有效的提高细胞内阿霉素的积累量。并且从RT-PCR 及WesternBlot看, 偶联物处理后的细胞内P-gp 表达最少。结论:选用合适的基团, 对反义核酸进行结构修饰能够较好的增强反义核酸的性能。采用阿霉素作为偶联基团尽管增强了细胞毒性, 但是在更大程度上增强了其抑制P-gp 蛋白的效力, 提高了肿瘤耐药性的逆转倍数, 具有一定的潜在应用价值。     

金属毒性研究(Ⅱ)

利用细胞生物学技术从定量和定性两个方面探讨了Cr(Ⅲ ) ,Cr(Ⅵ ) ,Ni,Al,Ag和V金属离子对生命组织的毒性作用。研究中发现 ,Cr(Ⅵ )对细胞DNA ,RNA合成限制最为显著 ,Ni和V金属离子在同等水平上妨碍RNA合成 ,随着离子浓度增加 ,Cr(Ⅲ )离子对细胞DNA及RNA限制增大。Al离子对RNA合成限制大于对DNA合成。Ag离子对细胞DNA ,RNA合成限制作用相同。细胞谷胱甘肽 (GSH)还原能力强 ,是细胞最重要的解毒物质 ,也是细胞中防御毒性物质最关键的物质。细胞GSH还原能力定量分析表明 :微量的Cr(Ⅵ )即可导致细胞GSH下降。金属Ni离子破坏细胞骨架 ,使细胞内信息传递受阻 ,亦表现较强毒性。     

一种碳纳米管增强的铜基块体非晶合金复合材料(英文)

采用热压成型法制备碳纳米管增强的Cu50Zr40Ti10非晶合金复合材料,并研究碳纳米管添加量对其密度、热导率和力学性能的影响。结果发现,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,块体非晶合金复合材料的密度和抗压强度都降低;当碳纳米管的含量少于0.1%或超过0.6%时,块体非晶合金复合材料的热导率随着碳纳米管含量的增加而降低,然而,当碳纳米管的含量介于0.1%和0.6%之间时,块体非晶合金复合材料的热导率随着碳纳米管含量的增多而增大;当碳纳米管的含量少于1.0%时,块体非晶合金复合材料的应变量与模量明显得到提高,并随着碳纳米管含量的进一步增加块体非晶合金复合材料的应变量与模量明显下降。综合各种性能得出,碳纳米管的添加量少于0.2%为宜。     

Decorating Mg/Fe oxide nanotubes with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes

Mg/Fe oxide nanotubes decorated with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CN_x) were fabricated by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of ethylenediamine on the outer surface of oxide nanotubes. Mg/Fe oxide nanotubes were prepared using a 3:1 molar precursor solution of Mg(NO₃)₂ and Fe(NO₃)₃ and anodic aluminum oxide as the substrate. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD pattern shows that the oxide nanotubes are made up of MgO and Fe₂O₃. TEM and SEM observations indicate the oxide nanotubes are arrayed roughly parallel to each other, and the outer surface of oxide nanotubes are decorated with CN_x. XPS results show the nitrogen-doped level in CN_x is about 7.3 at.%. Magnetic measurements with VSM demonstrate the saturated magnetization, remanence and coercivity of oxide nanotubes are obvious improved after being decorated with CN_x.     

Dielectrophoretic assembly of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube transistor

A novel burning technique for making a semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) transistor assembled by the dielectrophoretic force was suggested. The fabrication process consisted of two steps. First, to align and attach a bundle of SWNTs between the source and drain, the alternating (AC) voltage was applied to the electrodes. When a bundle of SWNTs was connected between two electrodes, some of metallic nanotubes and semi-conducing nanotubes existed together. The second step is to burn the metallic SWNTS by applying the voltage between two electrodes. With increasing the voltage, more current flowed through the metallic SWNTs, thus, the metallic SWNTs burnt earlier than the semiconducting one. This technique enables to obtain only semi-conducting SWNTs connection in the transistor. Through the I—V characteristic graph, the moment of metallic SWNTs burning and the characteristic of semi-conducing nanotubes were verified.     

Modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes with nano-europium oxide

In order to improve optical property of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs）, MWNTs were decorated with europium oxide （Eu2O3） nanoparticles by using co-deposition method. The MWNTs/Eu2O3 composites were examined by XRD, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and VUV-Vis Luminescence spectroscopy and citric acid （CA） molecules were introduced onto the surface of MWNTs. The results show that there are many oxygenated functional groups on the surface of the MWNTs after the treatment of mixture acid, such as carboxy, hydroxl, carbony and amidocyanogen. The results of electron microscopy illuminate that the MWNTs are coated by nano-europium oxide after annealed at 750℃. The MWNTs/Eu2O3 composite emits much strong red light at about 610 nm under UV excitation.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of zigzag single-walled carbon nanotube closing mechanisms

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to investigate the closing mechanism of zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) at an experimental are-discharge temperature of 3000 K. The closing mechanism was studied with a variation in the diameter and length of the SWCNT. The (10,0) SWCNT with a diameter of 0.78 nm and a length of 2.13 nm showed a saddle-shaped cap that was caused by a heptagon-octagon pair and a nonagon. When its length was increased three times in, the closing process was observed faster and the closed structure maintained a similar saddle shape, while this resulted from double heptagon-octagon pairs. In the case of (18,0) SWCNT with a diameter of 1.404 nm, a zipper-like closing mechanism was found and a flat cap was attained. It was also revealed that the longer the length of the (18,0) SWCNT, the slower is the closing process, contrary to the case of (10,0) SWCNT. This article is based on a presentation made in the 2002 Korea-US symposium on the “Phase Transformations of Nano-Materials,” organized as a special program of the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, held at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea on October 25–26, 2002.     

Surface functionalization of single-walled carbon nanombes using metal nanoparticles

Surface functionalization of suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using metal (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. SWNTs are grown on three-dimensionally patterned substrates by thermal chemical vapor deposition and successfully functionalized with Au NPs. Ethylendiamine is mainly used to functionalize SWNTs surface with amino groups before introducing Au NPs. From Raman scattering spectroscopy of the Au-functionalized suspended SWNTs, enhanced Raman scattering properties are obtained. The results suggest that the attached Au NPs may contribute to the enhancement of resonant phenomena. By measuring the electric properties after each functionalization process, it is found that Au NPs act as electron acceptor to the amine functionalized SWNTs.     

碳纳米管/镍基复合镀层的腐蚀行为

采用复合沉积方法在普通碳钢基底上沉积碳纳米管／镍基复合镀层。用腐蚀实验、电化学方法研究了复合镀层在3．5％NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能，并讨论了其耐腐蚀机理，对普通碳钢和纯镍镀层也进行了比较研究。结果表明：碳纳米管的加入显著提高了复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能；耐腐蚀的原因在于碳纳米管的复合镀层更加致密，隔离了腐蚀介质，并阻止了蚀坑的增大，同时，碳纳米管促进了镍的纯化，从而提高镀层的耐蚀性。     

Mechanical properties of Cu-based composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes

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Performance of hydrogen storage of carbon nanotubes decorated with palladium

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) decorated with palladium were synthesized and applied to hydrogen storage of gas phase. The results show that the amount of hydrogen storage of the decorated CNTs is up to 3.9 % (mass fraction), of which, almost 85％ H2 can be desorbed at ambient temperature and pressure, while the non-decorated CNTs has a poor performance of hydrogen storage(only about 0.5% H2, mass fraction). These indicate that it is feasible to enhance the performance of hydrogen storage of CNTs by further decoration with hydrogen-storing metals or alloys.     

Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes reinforced Al-Si-Cu brazing powder

In this paper, an approach to synthesizing carbon nanotubes （ CNTs ） reinforced A1-Si-Cu brazing powder was studied, which was accomplished by in-situ growth of the CNTs on the Al-Si-Cu powder at a relatively low temperature by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （ PECVD ）. The synthesis parameters were optimized. The component of brazing powder was analyzed by X-ray diffraction （ XRD ）. The microstracture and dispersity of as-grown CNTs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The graphitization and defects were characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The asgrown CNTs on Al-Si-Cu powder disperse uniformly and have moderate length and density, meanwhile its sp2 structure dominates minor quantity of amorphous carbons and defected carbon structures.