CO还原Fe2O3-NiO复合物形成Fe-Ni合金的非等温还原动力学（英文）

研究采用CO还原不同比例Fe2O3-NiO复合物的非等温还原动力学及机理。结果表明:随着NiO含量的增加,样品的还原程度不断提高,NiO的存在提高氧化铁还原率。在还原开始阶段,NiO优先被还原,Ni作为催化剂可以提高氧化铁的还原率。NiO含量的增加促进镍铁相(FeNi3)的增加,但导致铁纹石相(Fe,Ni)和镍纹石相(Fe,Ni)的减少。金属镍、金属铁及镍铁合金的形成导致微观颗粒具有均匀性。在还原初始阶段,气体产物中CO浓度大于CO2浓度,然后逐渐减小,当温度在400~500°C内,Fe2O3-NiO复合物的还原速率达到最大值,成核长大模型可以揭示还原机理。在温度低于1000°C的条件下,成核长大过程是还原反应速率的限制环节。     

氧化钠对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元系铝酸钙形成规律的影响（英文）

利用XRD、SEMEDS和DSCTG技术研究了添加Na2O的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2体系中铝酸钙的形成规律。结果表明,当Al2O3与SiO2的质量比为3.0、CaO与Al2O3的摩尔比为1.0时,在1350°C烧结后的熟料主要由12CaO·7Al2O3、2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2和2CaO·SiO2组成。熟料中12CaO·7Al2O3的含量随着Na2O的增加而增加,2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2的含量随着Na2O的增加而降低。Na2O在12CaO·7Al2O3中形成固溶体,增加了其单位晶胞体积。DSC分析表明,Na2O不仅促进了12CaO·7Al2O3的形成,而且使C12A7的形成温度降低了30°C。烧结熟料中的氧化铝溶出性能随着Na2O的增加而大幅度提高。     

交流阻抗谱在炉渣电导率测定中的应用

利用电化学交流阻抗谱法对CaO SiO2 Al2 O3 FeOx 渣系的电导进行了研究。结果表明 ,随着渣相中氧化亚铁浓度的增大 ,温度系数逐渐减小 ;三价铁离子对电导率的影响随渣相中铁氧化物浓度的增大而显著 ,但当铁氧化物浓度小于 2 0 % (摩尔分数 )时 ,三价铁离子对电导率的影响较小 ;CaO SiO2 Al2 O3 Fe2 O3 渣系中存在电子导电 ,电子电导率约为 10 -3 ～ 10 -2 S·cm-1。     

MgO-B_2O_3-SiO_2三元体系熔渣表面张力计算

基于熔渣结构离子与分子共存理论和Butler方程建立了MgO-B_2O_3-SiO_2系表面张力计算模型,计算了该体系及其二元子体系的表面张力值,考察了熔渣表面张力随熔渣组分的变化规律,以期为含B2O3渣系控制提供参考。结果表明:本模型计算的熔渣表面张力值与文献实验值吻合较好,模型平均相对误差为9.73%。Mg O-B_2O_3和B_2O_3-SiO_2二元体系中,熔渣表面张力随着B_2O_3含量的增加而降低,纯氧化物表面张力值与形成氧化物的阳离子静电势及氧化物中离子键分数有关。MgO-B_2O_3-SiO_2三元系中,熔渣表面张力随着B_2O_3和SiO_2含量的增加而减小,且B_2O_3对表面张力的影响更加显著;随着Mg O含量的增加,熔渣表面张力逐渐增大。     

太阳能级硅电沉积用冰晶石熔盐的电导率和黏度

以热解碳化硼管作电导池,用固定电导池常数法研究由Na F-Al F3-Si O2构成的二元系和三元系熔盐的电导率;用扭摆法测定Na3Al F6-Si O2二元系的黏度。研究发现,所研究熔盐体系的电导率和黏度均与温度呈直线关系。Na3Al F6-Si O2二元系的电导率与Si O2含量关系曲线可分为0-10%和10%-40%（摩尔分数）两段,当SiO 2含量超过10%之后,电导率随着Si O2含量的增加而快速下降,而当Si O2含量小于10%时,电导率随着Si O2含量的增加而缓慢增加。在Si O2含量大于10%的冰晶石熔盐中添加少量的SiO 2,熔盐的黏度增加,但增加的趋势基本相同,这与熔盐中形成玻璃网状结构的离子团有关。当在冰晶石熔盐中继续增大Si O2含量到50%时,黏度发生急剧变化。     

NiO对Sm2Zr2O7光子导热率影响的研究

采用共沉淀法制备Sm2Zr2O7粉体,通过无压烧结的方法制备Sm2Zr2O7及Sm2Zr2O7-NiO复合材料块体,利用磁控溅射法在纯Sm2Zr2O7块体表面制备不同厚度的NiO薄膜。对复合材料以及NiO薄膜的相结构及微观形貌进行分析,并对试样的热导率进行测试。结果表明,虽然NiO本身较高的热导率提高了整个材料体系的热导率,高温下热导率回升现象在一定程度上有所减弱。表面有NiO薄膜的Sm2Zr2O7试样的热导率普遍低于Sm2Zr2O7-NiO复合材料试样,并且热导率随着NiO薄膜厚度的增大先降低后上升,热导率回升有所缓解。     

SiO2对Al2O3/40%ZrO2（4Y）凝固陶瓷结构转化的影响

基于超重力下燃烧合成Al2O3/40%Zr O2(4Y),通过调整Si O2引入量,研究Si O2对材料显微结构与形态演化的影响。XRD、EDS、SEM结果表明:添加Si O2不改变复合陶瓷相组成,陶瓷基体主要由t-Zr O2、α-Al2O3以及少量m-Zr O2等组成,而Si O2则以玻璃相形式存在。当Si O2添加量小于6%时,Al2O3/Zr O2以共生共晶方式生长,形成胞状共晶团组织;当Si O2添加量为12%,Al2O3与Zr O2均独立析出,发育成尺寸粗大的Zr O2粒晶与花瓣晶;当Si O2添加量达18%时,该陶瓷发育为结构不完整的共晶枝晶组织。     

CaCl2-Ca（OH）2-H2O体系中氢氧化钙的平衡浓度

绘制了25℃时CaCl2-Ca(OH)2-H2O体系的c(CaCl2)—c(Ca(OH)2)图和c(CaCl2)—pH值图。结果表明:体系中c(Ca(OH)2)和pH值随着c(CaCl2)的增加而不断减小,c(Ca(OH)2)变化趋势与Debye-Huckel计算值相符,当c(CaCl2)<3.78 mol/L时,体系pH值>10.4。当c(CaCl2)>2.57mol/L时,有沉淀物CaClOH生成。经计算,理论上CaCl2母液可以循环配制石灰水132次,研究结果为石灰水法制备氢氧化镁工艺中CaCl2母液循环配制石灰水提供了一定的理论依据。     

CaO掺杂10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷的导电性能

研究添加剂CaO含量和烧结温度对CaO掺杂10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷的物相组成和电导率的影响。结果表明:CaO含量在0~4%范围内,烧结试样的X射线衍射谱仅有NiO和NiFe2O4的衍射峰;10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷在空气中升温过程存在明显的吸氧和失氧行为;CaO含量对1 473 K烧结的10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷的电导率影响显著;当CaO含量为0~1%时,随测试温度的升高,材料电导率逐渐增大,随后在773~923 K出现1~2个数量级的突降,然后重新缓慢增大;当CaO含量为2%和4%(质量分数,下同)时,材料电导率在298~1 233 K范围内随着测试温度的升高而增大;2?O掺杂10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷在不同测试温度下均具备最高电导率,1 233 K下达到16.29 S/cm,远高于未掺杂试样的1.03 S/cm;烧结温度由1 473 K提高到1 573 K时,未掺杂试样在1 233 K时电导率提高近15倍,2?O掺杂试样1 233 K时电导率略有提高。     

NaF·AlF3-Al2O3-CaF2-ZrO2熔盐体系的电导率

采用改进的固定电导池常数法研究 NaF-AlF3-CaF2-Al2O3-ZrO2熔盐体系的电导率。结果表明, NaF-AlF3-3%Al2O3-3%CaF2-ZrO2熔盐体系的电导率随着ZrO2含量（0~5%）的增加呈降低趋势。每增加1%氧化锆,电导率相应地降低约0.02 S/cm。温度每增加1°C时电导率相应降低约0.004 S/cm。随着NaF与AlF3摩尔比的增加,体系的电导率随之增加。最后采用二次回归正交设计方法,建立分子比相同时电解质的电导率与温度和氧化锆浓度关系的回归方程。     

添加剂对新型AgTiB2触头材料微结构和性能的影响

以乙二胺为溶剂采用微波溶剂热法合成铜铟镓硒(CIGS)粉体,研究了反应温度、表面活性剂对合成产物物相及形貌的影响.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及X射线能谱仪对产物的物相、形貌及组成进行表征.结果表明:在反应温度为230℃(反应时间为2 h)条件下可以获得物相单一,颗粒尺寸较小的CIGS粉体.在基准溶液中加入表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)后对合成产物形貌有明显改善作用,粉体分散性较好,呈圆球状且粒径较小,为100～200 nm.     

Influence of characteristics of stabilized zirconia electrolyte on performance of cermet supported tubular SOFCs

Ni-Al2O3 cermet supported tubular SOFC was fabricated by thermal spraying. Flame-sprayed Al2O3-Ni cermet coating plays dual roles of a support tube and an anode current collector. 4.5mol.% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and 10mol.% scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) as the electrolyte in present study. The electrical conductivity of electrolyte was measured using DC method. The post treatment was employed using nitrate solution infiltration to densify APS electrolyte layer for improvement of gas permeability. The electrical conductivity of electrolyte and the performance of single cell were investigated to optimize SOFC performance. The electrical conductivity of the as-sprayed YSZ and ScSZ coating is about 0.03 and 0.07 S·cm-1 at 1000 ℃, respectively. The ohmic polarization significantly influences the performance of SOFC. The maximum output power density at 1000 ℃ increases from 0.47 to 0.76 W·cm-2 as the YSZ electrolyte thickness reduces from 100 μm to 40 μm. Using APS ScSZ coating of about 40 μm as the electrolyte, the test cell presents a maximum power output density of over 0.89 W·m-2 at 1000 ℃.     

THERMAL DECOMPOSITION BEHAVIOR OF AMMONIUM THIO TUNGSTATE in H_2

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Gd3+掺杂La2Mo2O9的相稳定性及热导率

La2Mo2O9具有极低的热导率,但其在580℃左右会发生α-β相变,严重影响其性能和应用。本实验以Gd203掺杂La2Mo2O9制备了一系列La2-xGdxMo2O9 (x=0.0~0.5)固溶体,研究了掺杂Gd3+对La2Mo2O9相稳定性和热导率的影响。结果表明,随着Gd3+掺杂量的增加,相变得到有效抑制,当x≥0.2时样品以β相存在。样品的热导率随Gd3+掺杂量的增加先减小后增加,室温下在x=0.2时达到最低,此后缓慢上升,但所有样品的热导率均小于1 W/(m·K)。     

Photocatalytic degradation of MO by complex nanometer particles WO3/TiO2

Complex nanometer particles WO3/TiO2 were prepared using a sol-gel process and characterized using XRD spectra. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be increased by doping W^6＋ with TiO2 because the doped W^6＋ that entered into the crystal lattices of TiO2 led to the formation of defects in the crystal lattices of TiO2 and thereby improved the photocatalytic activity of TiO2.When WO3 doped in TiO2 exceeded 3%, the excess W^6＋ did not enter into the crystal lattices of TiO2 but were uniformly dispersed in TiO2 or they covered the surface of TiO2, which reduced the effective illumination area of TiO2 and thereby lowered the photocatalytic activity of TiOE.The relationship among the composition of the catalyst, the amount of photocatalyst, the illumination time, and the decolorizing rate of methyl orange （MO） were discussed. The results show that the decolorizing rate of MO can reach 82.3% using WO3/TiO2 as the photocatalyst, with the composition of WO3/TiO2 -3：97, the mass of catalyst = 0.400 g, the initial concentration of MO = 20 mg/L, pH = 6.5, and the illumina- tion time = 7 h.     

Electrical conductivity of Na3AlF6-AlF3-Al2O3-CaF2-LiF（NaCl） system electrolyte

A PGSTAT 30 and a BOOSTER 20A were used to measure cell impedance.Electrical conductivity was gained by the Continuously Varying Cell Constant Technique.Electrical conductivity of KCl was measured for comparison.The results prove that the method is reliable and accurate.The electrical conductivity of Na3AlF6-AlF3-Al2O3-CaF2-LiF(NaCl)system was studied by this method.Activation energy of conductance was obtained based on the experiment results.The experiments show that electrical conductivity is increased greatly with NaCl and LiF added.Increasing 1%LiF(mass fraction)results in corresponding increase of 0.0276 S/cm for superheat condition of 15℃.For NaCl,it is 0.024 S/cm.Electrical conductivity is increased by 0.003 S/cm with 1℃temperature increase.The electrical conductivity is lower than that predicted by the WANG Model and higher than that predicted by the Choudhary Model.     

原位一步法合成Ag/Fe2O3磁性核壳纳米粒子

采用原位法在低温下一步合成Ag/Fe2O3磁性核壳纳米粒子,并采用XRD,TEM和UV光谱研究了Ag-Fe2O3核壳纳米复合材料的结构。结果表明,纳米银粒子表面被Fe2O3层包覆,Ag核的平均粒径大约为35nm,Fe2O3壳层平均厚度约为7.5nm或15nm,形成了核壳结构的电磁复合纳米粒子。在室温下,饱和磁化强度达到0.98(A·m2)·kg-1,矫顽力8.48×103A/m;Ag/Fe2O3核壳粒子的导电率达到0.62S/cm。通过此法可以比较容易的控制核和壳的尺寸以及复合粒子的单分散性,并得到较高的产率,在催化剂、医药、光电等领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

Influence of t-ZrO2 addition on mechanical property and electrical conductivity of YSZ electrolyte

8YSZ material that has high electrical conductivity is widely used as electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). But its low strength and low fracture toughness hampered the development of SOFCs. In order to find a best method to improve the capability of YSZ electrolyte, the effects of 3Y-TZP additive on the density, strength, conductivity and microstructure were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and Vicker's hardness apparatus. The strength and conductivity of YSZ electrolyte doped with different amounts of 3Y-TZP were determined. It is shown that the samples sintered at 1450 ℃ for 2 h are the best in properties. When 3Y-TZP powders are added to the YSZ system, the results demonstrate that strength of the electrolyte increases remarkably, and the fracture toughness is improved. The electrical conductivity is lowered only slightly. The results display that the flexural strength and the fracture toughness of ceramics with 30wt.% TZP reach 300 MPa and 3.7 MPa·m1/2 , respectively, and the conductivity at 1000 ℃ reaches 0.11 S·cm-1 .