高温均匀化及时效处理对Nb-Ti-Si基超高温合金组织的影响

采用真空非自耗电弧熔炼法制备Nb-Ti-Si基超高温合金的母合金锭,分别于1300、1400、1500和1600℃保温50 h,对其进行均匀化处理,然后于1100℃保温50 h进行时效处理.结果表明:热处理后的组织主要由Nbss和(Nb、x)5Si3(x代表Ti、Cr和Hf元素)组成,经1600℃、50 h和1600℃、50 h 1100℃、50 h热处理后的组织中还出现HfO2.随着热处理温度的升高,多边形和板条状大块硅化物逐渐溶解或破碎成小块硅化物,残留的具有典型层片状或团状形貌的共晶组织的含量逐渐减少.1500℃、50 h 1100℃、50 h是Nb-Ti-Si基超高温合金比较合理的热处理工艺.     

高温热处理对Nb-Ti-Cr-Si基超高温合金显微组织的影响

为了研究高温均匀化及时效热处理对Nb-Ti-Cr-Si基超高温合金显微组织的影响,对样品进行均匀化处理,于1200-1500°C保温24h,随后于1000°C保温24h进行时效。结果表明,热处理后的组织主要由Nbss、（Nb,X）5Si3和Cr2Nb组成。随着均匀化处理温度的升高,电弧熔炼态的树枝状Nbss转变为等轴状,原先花瓣状的Nbss/（Nb,X）5Si3共晶组织消失,转变为分布于Nbss基体上的小块状（Nb,X）5Si3组织。Cr2Nb的形貌随均匀化处理温度的升高而发生明显变化。当均匀化处理温度达到1300°C以上,原先粗大的Cr2Nb发生溶解,在随后的冷却过程中在Nbss基体上沉淀析出细小、密集的针状Cr2Nb。经高温均匀化和时效复合处理后,Nbss基体上析出更为细小、密集的沉淀相Cr2Nb,使得Nbss、（Nb,X）5Si3和Cr2Nb相中Ti、Hf和Al元素的含量差别缩小。     

Nb-Ti-Si基超高温合金的有坩埚整体定向凝固组织分析

在2000 ℃的熔体温度下,实现了Nb-Ti-Si基超高温合金的有坩埚整体定向凝固,并分析了合金定向凝固组织特征.结果表明,合金定向凝固组织分布均匀,定向生长效果显著,主要由耦合生长的层片状((Nb,Ti)ss (Nb,X)5Si3;X=Ti,Hf)共晶团及少量横截面为六边形的(Nb,X)5Si3棒组成.与电子束区熔定向凝固及水冷铜坩埚内的Czochralski法定向凝固比较,有坩埚整体定向凝固时的轴向温度梯度更高,并且避免了区熔定向凝固时存在的固/液界面前沿熔体中的对流和集肤效应,因而合金的定向生长效果更加明显.     

定向凝固Nb-Ti-Si基超高温合金的共晶组织形貌演化

在熔体温度为2000℃的条件下,分别以2.5,5,10,20,50和100μm/s的抽拉速率对Nb-Ti-Si基超高温合金进行了有坩埚整体定向凝固.采用XRD,SEM和EDS等分析方法,研究了抽拉速率对定向凝固共晶组织及固/液界面形貌的影响,并分析了该合金的凝固过程.结果表明:合金定向凝固组织主要由沿着试棒轴向排列的横截面呈花瓣状的共晶胞EutecticI(Nb_ss/α（Nb,X）₅Si₃)以及分布于共晶胞周围的沿试棒轴向耦合生长的共晶组织EutecticⅡ(Nb_ss/γ（Nb,X）₅Si₃)组成.随着凝固速率的增大,组织细化,花瓣状共晶胞由以硅化物或细小共晶为中心的近似圆形形貌逐渐演变为以十字形Nb_ss为中心、α（Nb,X）₅Si₃呈片状向外辐射生长的四边形形貌;EutecticⅡ则呈沿纵向耦合生长的层片状形貌.固/液界面形貌经历了由胞枝状→树枝状→胞枝状的演变过程.     

定向凝固Nb-Ti-Si基超高温合金的组织与室温条件断裂韧性

采用真空自耗电弧熔炼法制备了Nb-Ti-Si基超高温合金的母合金锭,在2050℃的熔体温度下实现了合金的有坩埚整体定向凝固.测定了电弧熔炼态与定向凝固试样的室温条件断裂韧性,采用SEM,EDS等方法分析了凝固速率V分别为10,20和50 μm/s的整体定向凝固组织、单边切口梁弯曲试样的断口形貌及裂纹扩展路径,并讨论了其断裂机理.结果表明:合金的整体定向凝固组织主要由沿着试棒轴向挺直排列的横截面为多边形的初生(Nb,X)5Si3 (X代表Ti,Hf和Cr元素)棒与耦合生长的层片状Nbss/(Nb,X)5Si3共晶团(Nbss表示铌基固溶体)组成.整体定向凝固显著提高合金的室温条件断裂韧性KQ,且V=50μm/s时的最高,达16.1 MPa·m1/2,较电弧熔炼态试样的KQ提高了50.5％.定向凝固试样中Nbss与(Nb,X)5Si3沿垂直于受力方向的定向排列以及粗糙的Nbss产生的裂纹桥接和偏转,增大了裂纹扩展阻力,从而提高了合金的室温条件断裂韧性.     

时效处理对快速凝固Cu—Cr合金显微组织和显微硬度的影响

对Cu-3.17Cr（质量分数,％）合金进行旋淬法快速凝固,对快凝合金条带铸态和时效后的显微组织与显微硬度进行了观察与测定。发现其急冷态组织中,有少量大的铬颗粒均匀分布在整个条带上,并得出这些大颗粒的凝固模式。当时效温度不大于500℃时,合金的显微硬度随时效温度升高明显地增加,并可证明此时共格强化起主要作用;当时效温度超过600℃时,显微硬度急剧下降,发生了过时效。     

热处理对定向凝固Nb-Ti-Si基合金组织及力学性能的影响

在熔体温度为2323 K,抽拉速率为100 μm/s的条件下对Nb-Ti-Si基超高温合金进行了有坩埚整体定向凝固 (DS),然后对定向凝固试样进行了两种不同工艺的热处理：即1723 K/50 h高温均匀化处理 (HT1) 和1623 K/50 h 1723 K/50 h 1373 K/50 h复合热处理 (HT2)。采用XRD,SEM和EDS等分析手段研究热处理对定向凝固合金微观组织及其力学性能的影响。结果表明,热处理后合金中大尺寸初生硅化物的体积分数下降,两种方式的热处理均能有效减轻甚至消除合金中的成分偏析。热处理后原DS试样中Nbss (Nb,X)5Si3共晶胞的边界完全消失。相比HT1处理,HT2处理后试样中硅化物的分布更加均匀。与DS试样相比,经HT2处理后试样的室温断裂韧性值增加了12.3% (约19.2 MPa?m1/2),且其拉伸强度增加了26.6% (最大值达到933.2MPa)。力学性能的改善主要归因于热处理后组织中 (Nb,X)5Si3颗粒弥散分布以及韧性Nbss相的形状、尺寸及含量均发生变化。     

热处理对Mg-Zn-Y合金显微组织和显微硬度的影响

本文采用铜模铸造方法制备出的Mg-Zn-Y合金,对所制试样进行两种不同工艺的热处理,并研究热处理对该合金的微观组织和显微硬度的影响。研究发现T6（420℃×24h＋150℃）态和高温退火（550℃×2h）态的合金晶粒中分散着一些小的颗粒相,T6态的絮状组织发生分离、显微硬度降低,而高温退火态合金的显微硬度却有一定程度的升高。     

热处理对Mg-5wt%Sn合金组织与显微硬度的影响

研究了固溶处理(460-500 ℃保温1-96 h)加人工时效处理(210-290 ℃保温1-160 h)对Mg-5wt%Sn合金组织演变的影响及组织与显微硬度之间的关系.结果表明,经480℃过固溶处理后,合金中的Mg2Sn相基本溶解,随后的时效处理过程中Mg2Sn相以弥散形式析出.Mg-5wt%Sn合金具有明显的时效硬化特征:经480℃固溶处理后,时效温度采用210℃时,保温96h后显微硬度达到峰值为77.4 HV0.01;时效温度为250℃时,保温16h后显微硬度达到峰值为76.6 HV0.01;时效温度采用290℃时,保温4h后达到峰值为60.2 HV0.01.合适的时效处理制度能明显提高合金的显微硬度.     

时效处理对镍基单晶高温合金显微组织和硬度的影响

针对不同γ′相体积分数(30%和60%)、经不同时间时效后(0、100、500和1000 h)的镍基单晶高温合金,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM),并结合纳米压痕试验研究了时效处理对镍基单晶高温合金微观结构和硬度的影响。结果表明,随着时效时间的增加,合金γ′相尺寸逐渐增大。γ′相体积分数为30%和60%的合金中γ′相的形态分别为球形和立方形,γ′相的形态并未随着时效时间增加而发生明显变化;同时,由于60%γ′相体积分数的合金难熔元素含量较高,在时效处理过程中产生了TCP相。时效后,两种沉淀体积分数的合金都呈现出显著的硬化效应,分析认为γ′相强化机制未发生转变。合金在压痕周围的堆积高度随着时效处理时间的增加逐渐增高,而堆积影响的范围逐渐减小。     

Microstructure Development of Directionally Solidified Nb-Ti-Si Based Ultrahigh Temperature Alloy

Integrally directional solidification of an Nb-Ti-Si based ultrahigh temperature alloy was performed in an ultrahigh temperature and high thermal gradient furnace with the use of ceramic crucibles. The microstructural evolution with the withdrawing rate increasing during directional solidification was revealed. The integrally directionally solidified microstructure was composed of couple grown lamellar (Nbss+(Nb,X)5Si3) eutectic colonies and a few hexagonally cross-sectioned (Nb,X)5Si3 columns (X represents...     

Ti-Nb-Si基超高温合金Si-Cr共渗抗氧化涂层的显微组织

采用在1 250、1 350和1 400 ℃ Si-Cr包埋共渗10 h的方法,在Ti-Nb-Si基超高温合金表面制备了Cr改性硅化物涂层.结果表明:各温度下制备的涂层均具有多层复合结构;随包埋共渗温度的升高,涂层外层和中间层的组成相都发生改变.经1 250 ℃,10 h Si-Cr共渗时涂层外层为(Ti, X)_5Si_3(X代表Nb、Hf和Cr元素),中间层为(Ti, X)_5Si_4,过渡层(Ti, X)_5Si_3很薄;当提高共渗温度至1 350 ℃时,涂层外层中Cr含量明显提高,外层除了(Ti, X)_5Si_3外,还出现含Cr的三元相(Nb_(1.95)Cr_(1.05))Cr_2Si_3,中间层由(Ti, X)_5Si_4和(Ti, X)_5Si_3两相组成,而过渡层((Ti, X)_5Si_3)增厚;继续提高共渗温度至1 400 ℃时,涂层外层主要由(Nb_(1.95)Cr_(1.05))Cr_2Si_3三元相组成,中间层已全部由(Ti, X)_5Si_3相组成,在过渡层与基体间还存在不连续的块状(Nb, Ti)_3Si相,Si-Cr共渗温度对Cr扩散的影响更为显著.     

Microstructure and microhardness of directionally solidified NiAl-W eutectic alloy

The microstructure and microhardness of directionally solidified NiAl-W eutectic alloys at growth rates of 2-25 μm·s^-1 were investigated by a Bridgman crystal growing facility at a temperature gradient of 300 K·cm^-1.In view of the competitive growth between W dendritic and eutectic phases,W dendritic phase was eliminated,whereas the fully eutectic phase was prominent in the steady progress of the directionally solidified NiAl-W eutectic alloys.As the growth rate(V) increase...     

定向凝固过共晶Nb-Si基合金的组织优化

采用液态金属冷却定向凝固炉制备Nb-16Si-24Ti-10Cr-2A1．2Hf合金,凝固速率分别为1．2、6、18、36、50mm／min,随后对定向凝固速率为50mm／min的合金进行（1400℃,10h）,（1450℃,10h）和（1500℃,10h）的热处理。研究了定向凝固速率和热处理温度对合金微观组织的影响。结果表明：合金的定向凝固组织主要由沿着试棒轴向生长的初生Nb5Si3相和耦合生长的Nbss／Nb5Si3共晶胞组成,在共晶胞边缘,有少量的Cr2Nb存在。横截面上共晶胞边界明显,随着凝固速率的增加,定向凝固组织明显细化,Nbss／Nb;Si,共晶胞形貌也发生变化。合金经过热处理,Nbss连成基体,部分CrENb相熔解,微观成分偏析减小。经过（1450℃,10h1热处理,实现了对过共晶Nb—Si基合金的组织优化。     

Effect of the temperature gradient,growth rate,and the interflake spacing on the microhardness in the directionally solidified Al-Si eutectic alloy

An alloy of composition Al-12.6 wt.% Si was prepared using metals of 99.99% purity. Weighed amounts of aluminium and silicon were melted in the vacuum-melting furnace. This irregular eutectic alloys were directionally solidified upward with a constant growth rate V (8.3×10⁻³ mm/s) and different temperature gradients G (2.0–7.8 K/mm) and also with a constant temperature gradient G (7.8 K/mm) and different growth rates V (8.3–498.7×10 ⁻³mm/s) in the directional solidification furnace. The interflake spacings λ and microhardness H_V were measured from both transverse section and longitudinal section of the specimen. The variations of H_V with respect to G, V, and λ have been determined by using the linear regression analysis method. It has been shown that H_V increases with the increasing values of G and V. On the other hand H_V values decreases with the increasing λ values. The Hall-Petch type relationships obtained in this work have been compared with the previous works.     

Structure and oxidation behavior of Si-Y co-deposition coatings on an Nb silicide based ultrahigh temperature alloy prepared by pack cementation technique

In order to improve the oxidation resistance of silicide coatings on Nb silicide based alloys, Y-modified silicide coatings were prepared by co-depositing Si and Y at 1050, 1150 and 1250 °C for 5-20 h, respectively. It has been found that the coatings prepared by co-depositing Si and Y at 1050 and 1150 °C for 5-20 h as well as at 1250 °C for 5 h were composed of a thick (Nb,X)Si₂ (X represents Ti, Cr and Hf elements) outer layer and a thin (Nb,X)₅Si₃ inner layer, while the coatings prepared by co-depositing Si and Y at 1250 °C for 10-20 h possessed a thin outer layer composed of (Ti,Nb)₅Si₃ and Ti-based solid solution, a thick (Nb,X)Si₂ intermediate layer and a thin (Nb,X)₅Si₃ inner layer. EDS analyses revealed that the content of Y in the (Nb,X)Si₂ layers of all the coatings was about 0.34-0.58 at.% while that in the outer layers of the coatings prepared by co-depositing Si and Y at 1250 °C for 10-20 h was about 1.39-1.88 at.%. The specimens treated by co-depositing Si and Y at 1250 °C for 10 h were selected for oxidation test. The oxidation behavior of the coating specimens at 1250 °C indicated that the Si-Y co-deposition coating had better oxidation resistance than the simple siliconized coating because the oxidation rate constant of the Si-Y co-deposition coating was lower than that of the simple siliconized coating by about 31%. The scale developing on the Si-Y co-deposition coating consisted of a thicker outer layer composed of SiO₂ and TiO₂ and a thinner SiO₂ inner layer.     

High temperature tensile properties of directionally solidified Ni-43Ti-4Al-2Nb-2Hf alloy

By liquid metal cooling(LMC)process,the Ni-43Ti-4A1-2Nb-2Hf(％,atomic fraction)alloy was directionally solidified(DS).The microstructure and tensile properties at room and elevated temperature were investigated.It was found that the DS process significantly improves the room temperature tensile strength,increasing by 70％ compared with the as-cast alloy.After appropriate heat treatment(HT),the average tensile strength reaches above 1900 MPa,nearly twice of the as-cast one.At 800 and 900 ℃,the tensile strengths are about 308 and 169 MPa,respectively.