镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金研究

镁是一种极活泼的金属,其合金具有优异的性能,是得到广泛应用的重要原因.然而,镁合金在各介质中的不耐蚀,其应用受到了制约.据文献报道,已有多种方法被应用到镁合金上,但效果都不很理想;而化学镀镍技术是近年来发展较快的一种表面处理方法.进一步探讨了在AZ91D表面上进行化学镀镍的研究过程:通过多次试验确定了镁合金的前处理方案,研究了在酸性条件下镁合金表面直接化学镀镍的一套工艺路线,配置简单,操作方便,避免了预镀中间层的麻烦.并且测定了镀层的厚度、显微硬度,观察了镀态的金相组织;热震实验和划痕实验的结果表明镀层与衬底具有良好的结合力.     

AZ91D镁合金化学镀Ni-P的沉积机制

利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及能谱（EDS）等分析测试手段,研究AZ91D镁合金上直接化学电镀Ni-P的沉积过程。结果表明：活化后的表面上不同位置处最初沉积Ni的过程不同。在活化后的块状物上,由于氟化物的溶解,Mg置换出Ni,因此最初“块状物”上只有Ni沉积,没有P。β相和α相边缘则是由于其电位较高,附近的Ni2+得到Mg失去少量电子后还原沉积出高催化活性的Ni核,催化了次亚磷酸钠还原沉积出P和Ni。     

镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金稳定剂优选试验研究

在合理选择化学镀Ni-P合金配方和工艺条件的基础上,采用对比实验研究了硫脲、Pb(AC)2、KIO3、KI、Bi(NO3)2几种稳定剂及其复合对镁合金化学镀Ni-P合金镀液及镀层性能的影响。研究发现:适合NiSO4体系镁合金化学镀的稳定剂为KI KIO3,采用复合稳定剂的镀液稳定性及镀层性能明显优于单一稳定剂,在优化的稳定剂及相应的工艺条件下,镀液的稳定性好,镀速高,镀层均匀、致密,孔隙率低,耐蚀性能优良。     

AZ31镁合金轧态薄板化学镀Ni-P合金的工艺研究

为了改善AZ31镁合金轧态薄板的耐腐蚀性能,通过正交试验优化了化学镀Ni-P的配方及工艺,并对Ni-P镀层的形貌、镀层厚度、镀层中P元素的含量以及镀层在3．5％NaCI溶液中的极化曲线进行了测试和表征。结果表明,AZ31镁合金化学镀Ni—P的最优方案为：碱式碳酸镍10g／L,次亚磷酸钠25g/L,温度80％,pH值=8。所得的Ni—P镀层均匀,无明显缺陷,厚度约为18～23μm,P元素的质量分数为9．68％。试样经化学镀Ni—P后的自腐蚀电位大幅度提高,出现了约600mV的钝化区间,其耐蚀性能明显提高。     

镁合金化学镀Ni-P的工艺研究

由于镁合金在各介质中的不耐蚀性,其应用受到限制.为了在镁合金表面得到保护性镀层,通过多次实验研究镁合金化学镀Ni-P的镀液组成及不同参数对镀速的影响,测定了镀层的显微硬度、结合力和耐蚀性.盐雾实验和显微硬度的结果表明镀层具有较高的耐蚀性和硬度;热震实验和弯曲实验的结果表明镀层与基体具有良好的结合力.综合以上试验结论,试验得出的镁合金化学镀Ni-P层能满足一般工业对其性能的要求.     

压铸镁合金化学镀Ni-P的沉积过程

通过扫描电镜和GDA辉光放电光谱分析仪等手段，研究了压铸镁合金化学镀Ni-P的沉积过程，结果表明镁合金化学镀的前处理使基材表面呈现孔洞结构，活化形成比较平整的疏松网孔状MgF2和AIF3层：镁合金化学镀Ni-P的初始沉积过程，首先是Ni的还原析出，并不含P；随着Ni形核数量的增多和长大，有自催化能力的Ni层产生，镍磷共沉积开始：镀层中存在铬化物、氟化物与镀液成分以及Ni的混杂层。     

还原剂对镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金性能的影响

通过镀速测量、SEM、EDS等方法研究了AZ31B镁合金的化学镀Ni-P合金工艺。结果表明:镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金的最佳还原剂为次磷酸钠,还原剂的最佳浓度为20 g/L。所制备的镀层耐腐蚀性能良好。     

AZ91D镁合金低温快速化学镀Ni-P工艺的研究

采用化学镀方法,在AZ91D镁合金上沉积Ni-P镀层,研究了添加剂对镀层的影响.结果表明:未加添加剂时,沉积速度慢;加入添加剂后,镀层的沉积速度增加,65℃时只需30min就可获得无气孔或裂纹、具有“菜花状”结构的均匀完整的Ni-P镀层.XRD测试结果表明,沉积的Ni-P镀层为非晶态.镀层的耐蚀性实验结果表明,化学镀Ni-P镀层后,AZ91D镁合金的耐蚀性优于基体.     

镁合金表面化学镀 Ni-P 和 Ni-P-SiC 的对比

目的提高镁合金的耐磨性、耐蚀性,扩大其应用领域。方法采用"磷酸+钼酸铵酸洗→HF活化"的方法进行前处理,直接在AZ91D镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金镀层和Ni-P-SiC复合镀层。对两种镀层的表面和截面形貌、成分、结构、硬度、耐蚀性及耐磨性进行了系统比较。结果在Ni-P合金镀层中引入SiC粉末后,镀层的胞状颗粒细化,硬度提高至643HV,但其腐蚀电流密度有所增大。结论与Ni-P合金镀层相比,Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐蚀性有所下降,但耐磨性能大大提高。     

镁合金化学镀Ni-P工艺的优化设计

采用正交试验和方差分析的方法,结合性能检测和组织分析,优化了AZ31镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P工艺.试验结果表明:影响镀层质量因素的主次顺序为:镀液的PH值、时间、温度.获得良好镀层的最佳工艺规范为:PH值5.5.35℃时处理28 min.最优工程平均为85,变动范围的置信区间为(78.8,91.2).     

新型三元复合络合剂体系对AZ91D镁合金表面酸性化学镀Ni-P的影响

利用含新型三元复合络合剂的酸性化学镀镍液体系,在AZ91D镁合金表面通过化学镀制备Ni-P防护镀层。结果表明,镀层沉积速率随着镀液中三元复合络合剂浓度的变化而改变。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和差热分析（DSC）对镀层结构、形貌以及热稳定性进行表征和分析。通过交流阻抗（EIS）和动电位扫描极化曲线对Ni-P镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能进行评价。镀液中三元复合络合剂的浓度对Ni-P镀层的结构与形貌有显著影响。Ni-P镀层的热稳定性随着三元复合络合剂浓度的增加而降低。当镀液中三元复合络合剂浓度为0.035 mol/L时,所制备的Ni-P镀层致密、均一,在3.5%NaCl溶液中表现出良好的耐蚀性能。     

Direct electroless Ni-P plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

An electroless Ni-P plating treatment was applied on AZ91D magnesium alloy to improve its corrosion resistance. Optimum pretreatment conditions and optimum bath of electroless nickel plating for magnesium alloy were found through many experiments. In order to avoid bother of pre-plating medium layer, a set of procedure of direct electroless Ni-P under the acid condition was investigated. The properties of the coating with 10% phosphorus were investigated. The results show that a coating with high hardness, low porosity and good adhesive strength is obtained. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the structure of the coating is an amorphous phase. After annealing at 400 ℃, the amorphous phase of Ni-P is transformed to crystalline phases, and some intermetallics as Ni3P and Ni5P2 are deposited from Ni -P solid solution along with an enhancing hardness from Hv 450 to Hv 910.     

Corrosion and wear properties of electroless Ni-P plating layer on AZ91D magnesium alloy

A direct electroless Ni-P plating treatment was applied to AZ91D magnesium alloy for improving its corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Corrosion resistance of the Ni-P coatings was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and immersing experiments in 3.5% NaCl solution. The wear resistance of the coatings was investigated by the wear track and the mass change after ball-on-disk experiment. The results show that corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the AZ91D alloy are greatly improved after direct electroless Ni-P plating. No discoloration is noticed until 4 d of immersion in 3.5% NaC1 solution. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments show that the free corrosion potential of magnesium alloy is shifted from -1 500 mV to -250 mV and passivation occurs at 1 350 mV after direct electroless plating. The friction coefficients and wear rates of Ni-P coating and Ni-P coating after tempering are 0.10-0.351, 9.038×10^-3 mm^3/m and 0.13-0.177, 3.056×10^-4 mm^3/m, respectively, at a load of 1.5 N with dry sliding. Although minor hurt on corrosion resistance was caused, significant improvement of wear resistance was obtained after tempering treatment of the coating.     

镁合金AZ51直接化学镀镍研究

采用沉积速率计算、镀镍形貌观察和腐蚀性能测试，研究了镀镍时间对镁合金AZ51直接化学镀镍的影响。结果表明，镁合金AZ51表面可通过直接化学镀镍形成镍磷合金镀层。随着镀镍时间的增加，沉积速率先增加后降低并在镀镍时间为0．5h时取得最大值，而腐蚀速率逐渐降低，腐蚀性能逐渐增强。     

Progress of electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloy

The current research processes of electroplating and electroless Ni-P alloy plating on magnesium alloys were reviewed. Theoretically, the reason for difficulties in electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloys was given. The zinc immersion, copper immersion, direct electroless Ni-P alloy plating and electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloys prepared by chemical conversion coating were presented in detail. Especially, the research development of magnesium alloy AZ91 and AZ31 was discussed briefly. Based on the analysis, the existing problems and future research directions were then given.     

AZ31镁合金表面碱性化学镀镍工艺研究

试验研究了AZ31镁合金表面碱性化学镀镍工艺。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱成分分析(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对镀镍层的表面形貌、镀层成分及物相结构进行了分析,并测定了AZ31镁合金及镀层在w(NaCl)=3.5%的水溶液中的腐蚀电位和极化曲线,以此评价镀层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,预镀镍层为晶格畸变的晶态低磷镀层,二次镀镍层为非晶态高磷镀层,镁合金表面腐蚀电位在化学镀镍后明显升高,二次镀镍后钝化电位范围明显扩大,其耐腐蚀性能明显优于预镀镍层的。     

A new method for electroless Ni-P plating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

Coating Ni-P films on AZ31 magnesium alloys via electroless plating and organic coatings (organsilicon heat-resisting varnish), was studied. An organic coating was proposed as the interlayer between Ni-P coating and AZ31magnesium alloy substrate, to replace the traditional chromium oxide plus HF pretreatment. The Ni-P deposited on the interlayer was also characterized by its structure, morphology and corrosion-resistance. The interlayer on the substrate not only reduces the corrosion of magnesium during Ni-P plating process, but also reduces the potential difference between the matrix and the second phase. The result of the cross-cut test indicates the adhesion between the substrate and the interlayer is good enough. A Ni-P film with fine and dense structure was obtained on the AZ31 magnesium alloy. The electrochemical measurements show that the sample with Ni-P film exhibits lower corrosion current density and more positive corrosion potential than the substrate. Furthermore, the Ni-P coating on the AZ31 magnesium alloy exhibits high corrosion resistance in the rapid corrosion test illustrated in this paper. The method proposed in this work is environmentally friendly: no fluoride or hexacalent chromium compounds are used. In addition, it provides a new concept for plating the metals, which are considered difficult to plate due to high reactivity.     

AZ91D镁合金的均一化前处理与化学镀Ni-P

采用新型环保的均一化前处理工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备了化学镀Ni-P镀层。研究了前处理过程中AZ91D基体微观形貌、镀层沉积过程、成分和相结构。研究结果表明：基体表面的β相在前处理过程中被选择性去除,表面组织得到均一化,从而获得均匀致密的浸Zn层。Ni-P颗粒均匀形核生长,并最终形成致密的镀层。镀层具有优良的耐腐蚀性能。     

Direct electroless Ni-P deposition on AM50 magnesium alloy from sulfate bath

A bright electroless Ni-P deposition on AM50 magnesium alloy in a sulfate plating bath was proposed by using direct plating process with non-chromate pretreatment. The electroless Ni-P plating on AM50 magnesium alloy has an admirable appearance and good adhesion. The results indicate that the electroless Ni-P deposition with non-chromate pretreatment has better adhesion than that of zinc immersion coating. Anodic polarization curves indicate that the electroless Ni-P deposition obtained from the sulfate bath has similar corrosion-resistance to that obtained from basic nickel carbonate bath. The deposition process generates less pollutant by a non-chromate plating bath and is suitable for the magnesium alloys manufacture because of its low cost. The hardness of the electroless Ni-P plated AM50 is about HV 720.6 and HV 969.7 after heat treatments at 180℃ for 2 h. The wear resistance of Ni-P plated magnesium alloy specimens is about 5 to 9 times as high as that of bare magnesium alloys.