高海拔地区石灰石煅烧与窑气净化过程特点

对高海拔地区石灰石煅烧及窑气净化过程进行了分析,认为高海拔地区与低海拔地区相比,有其较明显的特点,在高海拔地区进行设备选型时必须考虑其特点。     

高海拔地区对新型干法水泥厂烧成系统影响的初步分析

文章对高海拔地区新型干法烧成系统的各影响因素作了分析.文章认为,高海拔地区,由于空气密度降低,对烧成系统各部分都将产生一定的影响.对影响较小的可不改变原系统内各种设备的规格.但对海拔高度在1000m以上的地区,由于其对窑头、窑尾设备的影响较大,应适当加大规格,克服高海拔带来的不利影响,但应综合考虑投资因素.此外,高海拔地区应尽量避免使用用气设备.     

超高海拔地区水泥窑余热发电项目设计要点

0前言 目前,在海拔高度大于3500m,即超高海拔地区水泥窑余热发电项目设计中,所能参照的设计参数及设备数据均是在常规海拔或一般高原地区的使用环境下得到的,但不同的使用环境会对设备性能产生一定的影响.因此,研究超高海拔地区水泥窑余热发电的设计及设备选型的特殊性很有必要.本文详细分析了超高海拔地区环境条件对电气设备、水泵...     

高海拔地区隧道有害气体及粉尘防治技术浅析

高原高海拔地区隧道通风影响施工环境,限制施工进度的关键因素。随着西部大开发及一带一路的开发,出现了不少高海拔地区的长大隧道工程。如何解决高海拔地区隧道的有害气体及粉尘含量,成为了亟待解决的问题。本文通过总结高海拔地区的隧道有害气体及粉尘防止措施,以期为高海拔地区施工环境控制起到借鉴作用。     

无人机在高原、高海拔、高寒地区公路测量中的应用

随着我国西部大开发战略的持续推进,对西部公路建设、管理和维护工作提出了更高的要求。由于西部地区主要位于高原、高海拔、高寒地区,特殊的地理环境无形中增加了公路测量的难度,因此,采用无人机进行公路测量就显得尤为重要。本文从高原、高海拔、高寒地区对无人机测量影响入手,探讨无人机在高原、高海拔、高寒地区公路测量中的应用,以供参考。     

高寒高海拔地区高速公路服务区污水处理技术分析

结合高寒高海拔地区高速公路服务区的自然环境特点对该地区污水特性进行了深度调研与分析,然后对高寒高海拔地区的城市污水处理厂以及服务区的污水处理工艺技术进行了统计和分析,总结了高寒高海拔地区现有的污水处理工艺应用的优点和缺点。在高寒高海拔地区高速公路服务区污水处理工艺选择原则的基础上,提出了几种适用于高寒高海拔地区高速公路服务区的污水处理工艺技术,同时根据该地区高速公路服务区不同污水处理目标和回用途径提出了相应的污水处理工艺流程,即直排式污水处理工艺流程和回用式污水处理工艺流程,旨在为高寒高海拔地区高速公路服务区污水处理技术的选择提供一定的理论参考。     

高海拔地区660 MW超超临界机组性能分析

目前国内高海拔地区已投运的机组容量大多在100~300 MW,且存在燃烧效率低、辅机电耗高、设备磨损严重等问题,不能代表最先进的高海拔地区锅炉的设计和运行水平。为了准确掌握高海拔地区大容量高参数机组锅炉设备设计特点和主要运行参数对锅炉运行经济性的影响,分析了国内首台高海拔地区已投运的660 MW等级超超临界机组锅炉的炉膛热负荷参数选取及燃烧器设计特点,同时开展了燃烧优化调整试验和实际运行性能分析,得出了关键运行参数对锅炉燃烧经济性的影响。研究结果表明,高海拔地区机组锅炉需要通过燃烧器及炉膛热负荷参数设计优化以及运行参数优化,才能获得与平原地区机组同样优良的燃烧经济性。该机组满负荷时锅炉效率超过94%,最低不投油稳燃负荷可达23%,与平原地区机组燃烧经济性相当。     

高海拔地区供、用电设备的选择

随着国民经济的发展,我国有很多的基本建设项目已逐步进入中西部地区,特别是西部地区绝大多数地域属于高海拔地区。目前我国的电气设备,大部分只适用于海拔1000m及以下地区,近年来也有部分电器可用于海拔高度为2000m及以下地区。对于在海拔2000m以上地区使用的供、用电设备要引起我们高度重视和细心研究。因为,高海拔地区气象特殊,而气象对电器设备又有特殊的影响。1 高海拔地区的气象参数特点1.1 气象参数与海拔高度的基本关系 根据大气压力和空气密度计算公式,以及空气湿度经验公式,可得出气象三个重要参数与海拔高度的关系(见表1)。     

高海拔环境对水泥熟料煅烧的影响分析及生产调整

我国幅员辽阔，其中西部主要为高海拔（1 500 m）及以上地区，高海拔地区大气压力低，空气稀薄，相对氧含量偏低。随海拔高度的变化气体参数发生较大改变，对水泥熟料煅烧有着较大影响，而很多生产线在设计之初仅考虑设备性能，未对水泥生产热工设备进行系统全面考量，本文结合个人工作经验提出一些建议和看法，根据当地环境变化对水泥生产参数进行调整，使其能在正常生产情况下实现高产低耗生产目的。     

高海拔地区罗茨鼓风机输送煤气选型计算的探讨

针对高海拔地区罗茨鼓风机工作状态与标准大气压地区存在着较大差异,探讨了高海拔地区罗茨鼓风机的选型计算方法,并结合气体状态方程,对流量计算公式进行了推导,最后通过工程选型实例,说明了该计算方法的具体应用。     

海拔高度对铜氨液再生过程的影响

讨论了海拔高度对铜氨液再生过程的影响，指出高海拔地区应在比低海拔地区较高的再生压力（表征）下操作。     

新型粉煤气化装置框架及设备布置设计要点浅析

煤气化装置中的高层框架及设备布置设计的安全、合理直接决定着工艺过程的安全、顺利实施,是设计的重点和难点之一,该文对高层框架及设备布置的设计要点进行了探讨分析。     

A hierarchical strategy for large scale process calculations

Combined execution of realistic models of large highly integrated process flowsheets using conventinal simulation strategies is prohibitive in terms of computation time and computer storage requirements. Hierarchical solution strategies based on concept first proposed by Rosen discussed. The process flowsheet is viewed as consisting of a collection of process sections each involving multiple equipments items. Process section models are assumed to be assembled using conventional modular simulators. Linear material balance models of various levels of aggregation are proposed for use at the overall process level. The balance models are solved using a novel non-iterative solution method. Trials results indicate that a two level strategy employing sequential single pass execution of the section simulations coupled with solution of a partially aggregated process material blance model which incorporates recycles between sections as well as recycles internal to sections requires least time. Implementation of the mehtod and the required file structure are discussed.     

Refining and Environment - Solutions in Processing Technology

Processing equipment for the refining of oils and fats d o not only have t o produce a high quality product but should also be very economical. More and more stringent environmental regulations form an additional requirement. Primary actions t o reduce emission-loads have t o be looked at from the beginning in the main processing equipment in comparison with the fundamental processing parameter. Each of the various processes has its own specific angle of approach. In conjunction herewith special vacuum-equipment may lead to substantial reductions in investment. Secondary actions often mean high investment costs and in most cases the problems are not solved but merely shifted. An optimal solution cannot be given generally. The process design engineer has t o arrive at his optimal solution bearing in mind and balancing the cost situation and the prevailing legal rules and regulations. The supplier of the equipment can assist him in this matter with specific consumption figures. For deodorising plants following recommendations are given: In the case of large outputs and large vapour-loads dry condensation means the optimum solution considering investment, specific consumption figures and resulting waste-water. In the case of medium-sized plants a difficult decision has to be taken in respect of return on capital, specific consumption figures and environmental conditions. In the case of small-sized plants the nitrogen may help t o reduce the investment cost for such plant since it means a reduced volume of necessary plant equipment and most of all a reduction in cost due t o the elimination of waste-water treatment plant which normally is inherent with the conventional method. However the primary condition t o these recommendations as given above, is the analysis of the stripping-steam consumption figure as the first action to be taken. Again it should be underlined that a strategy of avoidance rather than curative actions must begin in the main processing equipment.     

Computer aided flowsheet drawing—I: Equipment layout

A computer aided methodology is presented for determining the positions of equipment symbols in a flowsheet given only the equipment connection information. A two pass logic is used. In the first pass the location of process sections is determined by reducing the process section level flowsheet and generating a mesh structure using a modification of Rubin's algorithm. The approximate dimensions of each section are determined using a depth first search, and, the locations of the process section centroids are selected heuristically. In the second pass, the equipment symbols are positioned within the sections taking into account external equipment connections to other process sections as well as the flow patterns within the section. An experimental program has been developed and some test examples are presented.     

BOT对污水处理厂建设的新要求

通过对若干以BOT模式建设的污水处理厂设计、运行数据的分析,认为BOT模式建设的污水处理厂与普通模式建设的污水处理厂有很多差别。应从其设计规模的确定、工期的控制、工艺流程的选择、设备的选用、总图布置高程确定以及污泥处理处置方法选择等方面优化污水处理厂的建设,使投资成本和运营费用最佳化。     

Robust processes through latent variable modeling and optimization

A data‐based approach for developing robust processes is presented and illustrated with an application to an industrial membrane manufacturing process. Using historical process data, principal component analysis and partial least squares are used to extract models of the process and of the sensitivities of the process to various disturbances, including raw material variations, environmental conditions, and process equipment differences. Robustness measures are presented to quantify the robustness of the process to each of these disturbances. The process is then made robust (insensitive) to the disturbances over which one has some control (e.g., by modifying the equipment units to which the process is sensitive and imposing specification regions on sensitive raw materials). It is also made robust to disturbances over which one has little control (e.g., environmental variations) by optimizing the process operating conditions with respect to performance and robustness measures. The optimization is easily performed in the low‐dimensional space of the latent variables even though the number of process variables involved is very large. After applying the methodology to historical data from the membrane manufacturing process, results from several months of subsequent operation are used to demonstrate the large improvement achieved in the robustness of the process. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

直纺大有光涤纶熔体输送过程的模拟分析

通过对熔体直纺大有光涤纶熔体输送过程的分析,建立了输送过程各管段中压力降、温升、特性粘数降以及停留时间等参数的数学模型,分析了各管段中参数的变化,得到了这些参数的权重分析式。结果表明:采用较低的初始熔体特性粘数(IV0),较低的初始熔体温度(T0),较高的初始压力(P0),增加生产能力对粘度降下降有利;而温升主要受IV0、T0及气相联苯温度(Tsb)的影响,较高T0及较低Tsb导致熔体温度下降更快;随着熔体输送能力增加,熔体在管道内的停留时间呈一阶递减指数形式下降,其他输送条件对其影响很小。     

Automatisierung bei der Raffination von Nahrungsfetten

Automation in the Refining of Edible Oils Automatic process control and regulation are now indispensable items in production plants and auxiliary equipment for the refining of edible oils. Their application is primarily aimed towards reduction of cost of wages, energy and raw materials as well as auxiliary materials, and towards maintenance of constant conditions of processing which ensures uniform and high quality product. In addition to classical instrumentation in individual production sections having independent regulating systems, emphasis is laid these days on centralization and coupling of the, various unit operations. Recent developments in the area of programmed control, microprocessors and minicomputers permit suitable and elegant solution of such tasks. Technically sophisticated signal processing shows distinctly that specific receivers of actual processing data are available to a rather limited extent. A few special developments in this area are discussed. In other cases, suitable combination of easily measurable data can be used for comparison.