高分子合金的增容剂

增容剂的研究，突破了高分子聚合物结构上不相容的界限；增容剂研究的发展，为造就新的矽磊高分子合金做出了贡献。简单的物理共混已不再成为产生塑料合金的唯一途径，只有从增容的原理突破，开发新的增容剂，才能赋予塑料合金新的性能，并能产生新的塑料合金类别来。反应性增容已成为改善不相容聚合物具有相容性的有效途径；也会成为发展新性能塑料合金的主流。     

高分子合金的反应性增容技术与应用

报道了高分子合金反应性增容方面的最新研究进展，讨论了增容反应的基本特征以及反应性聚合物的制备技术，着重阐述了马来酸酐型和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯型反应性聚合物对高分子合金的增容作用。     

新型增容剂对 PC/PBT合金性能的影响

研究了新型增容剂丙烯酯与缩水甘油酯双官能化的乙烯类弹性体(KY-6B)对PC/PBT合金的性能及结构的影响.结果表明,随着KY-6B含量的增加,C/PBT合金的拉伸强度、弯曲强度及弯曲模量逐渐下降,而缺口冲击强度、断裂伸长率逐渐上升,非缺口冲击强度变化不大.PC/PBT合金的上述性能当KY-6B含量超过8%时变化不明显.IR图谱显示,Y-6B的存在使PC与PBT的C=O吸收峰更靠近.DsC测试结果表明,Y-6B可使PC/PBT合金中PC与PBT两者的Tg之差减小,BT的熔点、熔融烩、结晶温度有所降低.SEM图谱显示,随KY-6B含量增加,PC/PBT合金的冲击断面逐渐变得粗糙、孔洞化和银纹丝状连接增多.上述测试结果都表明KY-6B是PC/PBT合金的优良增容剂和冲击改性剂.     

新型增容剂对PC／PBT合金性能的影响

研究了新型增容剂丙烯酯与缩水甘油酯双官能化的乙烯类弹性体(KY-6B)对PC／PBT合金的性能及结构的影响。结果表明，随着KY-6B含量的增加，PC／PgT合金的拉伸强度、弯曲强度及弯曲模量逐渐下降，而缺口冲击强度、断裂伸长率逐渐上升，非缺口冲击强度变化不大。PC／PBT合金的上述性能当KY-6B含量超过8％时变化不明显。IR图谱显示，KY-6B的存在使PC与P13T的C=O吸收峰更靠近。DSC测试结果表明，KY-6B可使PC／PBT合金中PC与PBT两者的Tg之差减小，PBT的熔点、熔融烩、结晶温度有所降低。SEM图谱显示，随KY-6B含量增加，PC／PBT合金的冲击断面逐渐变得粗糙、孔洞化和银纹丝状连接增多。上述测试结果都表明KY-6B是PC／PBT合金的优良增容剂和冲击改性剂。     

PET/ABS合金的制备及其相容性

采用苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(SAG)、乙烯-丙烯酸正丁酯-缩水甘油酯共聚物(PTW)为相容剂,研究了不同相容剂对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)合金的增容效果。结果表明:相容剂对PET/ABS合金的增容效果中,SMA最好,SAG次之,PTW较差。考察了增韧剂对PET/ABS合金性能的影响。结果表明,具有核壳结构的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(MBS)对PET/ABS合金具有优异的增韧效果;考察了PET和ABS之间的相容性,结果表明,相容剂提高了PET与ABS的相容性。     

高分子合金技术及其理论研究进展

高分子合金是高分子材料科学与工程中十分活跃的研究领域。讨论了在高分子合金研究中倍受人们关注的制备技术,增容剂和增韧机理等问题,了这一领域中近年来的进展。     

国外简讯

耐酸雨性优良的汽车面漆德国赫伯茨公司研制成功一种汽车面漆，其耐酸雨性特别好，抗泛黄性也很好，还具有优良的硬度。这是一种高固体分涂料，其基料含有由苯乙烯、a，a-支链脂肪酸的缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸（或甲基丙烯酸）羟烷基酯、丙烯酸（或甲基丙烯酸）和丙烯酸（或甲基丙烯     

不同增容剂对PET/ABS合金性能的影响

研究了不同增容剂对PET/ABS合金的增容效果,采用苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(SAG)、乙烯-丙烯酸正丁酯-缩水甘油酯共聚物(PTW)为增容剂,考察了其增容效果,结果表明,SMA对PET/ABS的增容效果最好,SAG对PET/ABS的增容效果次之,PTW对PET/ABS的增容效果不好。考察了增韧剂对PET/ABS合金性能的影响。结果表明,具有核壳结构的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(MBS)对PET/ABS合金具有优异的增韧效果,为实现PET/ABS合金的产业化打下了基础。     

反应性共混体系研究近况

综述了反应性增容技术研制高分子合金的最新进展。分别讨论了各种反应性增容技术,着重阐述了带有活官能团的反应性聚合物的增容作用     

增容技术在尼龙合金中的应用及研究进展

简述增容技术及其在合金制备中的地位和发展现状,以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯类接枝共聚物、马来酸酐类接枝物、(乙烯／乙酸乙烯酯)类接枝物、磺化高分子及三(多)元接枝物等反应型增容剂为例,分析增容机理及其对材料力学性能的影响,重点综述了增容技术在尼龙合金中的应用现状和研究进展,同时对今后的发展进行了展望。     

In situ compatibilized SAN/LCP blends through reactive copolymers

Styrene–acrylonitrile–glycidyl methacrylate (SAG) copolymers with various contents of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were used to compatibilize the incompatible blends of styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) and a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP). These SAG copolymers contain reactive glycidyl groups that are able to react with the carboxylic acid and/or hydroxyl end groups of the LCP to form the SAG‐g‐LCP copolymers during melt processing. The in situ–formed graft copolymers tend to reside along the interface to reduce the interfacial tension and to increase the interface adhesion. The morphologies of the SAN/LCP blends were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where the compatibilized SAN/LCP blends were observed with greater numbers and finer fibrils than those of the corresponding uncompatibilized blends. The mechanical properties of the blends increased after compatibilization. The presence of a small amount (200 ppm) of ethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide (ETPB) catalyst further promotes the graft reaction and improves the compatibilization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3321–3332, 2001     

聚合物合金及相容技术

聚合物合金技术是目前开发高性能塑料最便捷有效的方法之一 ,而聚合物合金体系的相容性是影响性能的关键。本文介绍了聚合物合金的制备方法 ,讨论了聚合物合金的相容性以及不同增容方法 ,特别是增容剂技术 ,并展望了聚合物合金技术的发展前景。     

Compatibilization of ethylene/maleic anhydride/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer for poly(phenylene sulfide)/poly(amide‐66) blends

In this article, a terpolymer of ethylene, maleic anhydride, and glycidyl methacrylate (EMG) was used to enhance the compatibilization between poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and polyamide‐66 (PA66). The mechanical properties, morphology, crystalline and melting behavior, and rheology of blends were discussed. The results showed that EMG was a good compatibilizer for PPS and PA66 through chemical reaction with them. The new generated polymer could prevent the aggregation of dispersed particles and reinforce the interface bonding. In addition, it could not only act as a nucleating agent for PA66 to refine its spherulites and improve its crystallinity but also promote the apparent viscosity of blends and enhance the non‐Newtonian behavior. The results will be useful to make high performance PPS/PA66 alloy with low cost and enlarge the application scope of PPS and PA66 resin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Polymer blends of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene compatibilized by styrene‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymers

The compatibilizing effects of styrene‐glycidyl methacrylate (SG) copolymers with various glycidyl methyacrylate (GMA) contents on immiscible blends of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and polystyrene (PS) were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ¹³C‐solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The epoxy functional groups in the SG copolymer were able to react with the PTT end groups (? COOH or ? OH) to form SG‐g‐PTT copolymers during melt processing. These in situ–formed graft copolymers tended to reside along the interface to reduce the interfacial tension and to increase the interfacial adhesion. The compatibilized PTT/PS blend possessed a smaller phase domain, higher viscosity, and better tensile properties than did the corresponding uncompatibilized blend. For all compositions, about 5% GMA in SG copolymer was found to be the optimum content to produce the best compatibilization of the blend. This study demonstrated that SG copolymers can be used efficiently in compatibilizing polymer blends of PTT and PS. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2247–2252, 2003     

Effect of different coupling agents on chemical structure and physical properties of vinyl acetate/wood polymer composites

This research investigated the effect of chemical modification with vinyl acetate in combination with different coupling agents (maleic anhydride, 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate) on chemical structure and physical properties of poplar wood. Samples were impregnated with chemicals using vacuum-pressure method following by vinyl acetate. Fourier transform infrared analysis results confirmed cell wall chemical modification, that was more obvious for glycidyl methacrylate ones. Dimensional stability of resultant composite enhanced via crosslink formation between modified wood and polymer, which affected by cell wall modification rather than in situ polymerization. In comparison of coupling agents, glycidyl methacrylate mostly improved the physical properties of wood as well as combined modified composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47467.     

Photoinitiated polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate with cotton cellulose

Unsensitized, photoinitiated polymerization reactions of glycidyl methacrylate from solutions of water and water–methanol with cotton cellulose fabrics were investigated. When several layers of cotton fabrics were immersed in solutions of glycidyl methacrylate and only the surface layer was exposed to light, polymerization reactions were initiated in this layer and also initiated in inner layers of fabrics, probably by chain transfer reactions. Photoinitiated (350 nm, 24 W, 34 min) polymerizations of glycidyl methacrylate (7.5 vol-%) from water (43 vol-%)–methanol (57 vol-%) with cotton fabrics in one-, three-, and six-layered configurations were: one-layered, 32% polymer; three-layered, 30%, 27%, and 25% polymer; and six-layered, 29%, 25%, 22%, 20%, 14%, and 11% polymer. Electron-microscopic examination of the distribution of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) within the cotton fibrous structure showed that polymer was distributed throughout the cross section of the fiber. At the surface of the fibers, the polymer tended to be more concentrated than within the cross section of the fibers and to encapsulate them. Photoinitiated polymerization reactivities of several vinyl monomers from solution with cotton cellulose fabrics were compared with those of glycidyl methacrylate as follows: methyl methacrylate > glycidyl methacrylate > diacetone acrylamide > 1,3-butylene dimethacrylate > methacrylic acid > acrylonitrile > divinylbenzene.     

Narrow‐disperse or monodisperse crosslinked and functional core–shell polymer particles prepared by two‐stage precipitation polymerization

Narrow‐disperse and monodisperse cross‐linked core–shell polymer particles containing different functional groups, such as esters, hydroxyls, chloromethyls, carboxylic acids, amides, cyanos, and glycidyls, in the shell layers in the micrometer size range were prepared by a two‐stage precipitation polymerization in the absence of any stabilizer. Commercial divinylbenzene (DVB), containing 80% DVB, was precipitation polymerized in acetonitrile without any stabilizer as the first‐stage polymerization and was used as the core. Several functional monomers, including methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, t‐butyl acrylate, i‐octyl acrylate, acrylic acid, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, styrene, and p‐chloromethyl styrene, were incorporated into the shells during the second‐stage polymerization. The resulting core–shell polymer particles were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1776–1784, 2006     

Monodisperse microspheres of copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and its derivatives as materials for biomedical application

Monodisperse microspheres of copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate were prepared by dispersion polymerization in organic media. The microsphere diameter could be adjusted in the range from 0$md$5 μm to 5μm by changing the monomer concentration, the type of dispersion medium and the content of the comonomers. Terpolymers of glycidyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate were analysed by thermal decomposition gas chromatography and the compositions of the polymers agreed well with those of the monomer mixtures. The epoxide of the polymer microspheres was hydrolysed to α,β-diol with dilute sulphuric acid without side reactions except the slight formation of sulphate. It was confirmed by the ¹³CFT-NMR spectrum that the main structure of the hydrolysate was that of poly(glyceryl methacrylate). In the reaction of the epoxide with ammonia, the predominant production of tertiary amine was presumed by the relationship between the conversion of the epoxide and the nitrogen content of the reaction product. The amination of the epoxide with secondary amines resulted in the quantitative formation of the corresponding tertiary amines.     

HDPE-g-GMA反应性增容PA66/UHMWPE共混合金性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-g-GMA)作为聚酰胺66/超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(PA66/UHMWPE)共混合金的增容剂,采用熔融法制备了PA66/uHMwPE/HDPE-g-GMA共混合金.通过Molau试验、SEM观察和力学性能测试,研究了HDPE-g-GMA在熔融共混过程中对PA66/UHMWPE共混合金的增容作用.结果表明:HDPE-g-GMA与PA66发生了化学反应,所生成的接枝共聚物对PA66/UHMWPE共混合金有较好的增容作用;PA66/UHMWPE共混合金的界面形态和力学性能均有较大改善,吸水率也有所降低.