3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮的合成

分别以(E)-1-苯基-1-丁烯-3-酮和4-苯基-2-丁酮为起始原料合成了3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮。以(E)-1-苯基-1-丁烯-3-酮为起始原料,经过环氧化和还原两步反应得到产物;第1步环氧化反应,用双氧水作氧化剂,产率64%;第2步α,β-环氧酮在Pd/C催化作用下用甲酸还原,得到产物3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮,产率67%;该路线总产率为43%。以4-苯基-2-丁酮为起始原料,经过烯醇硅醚中间体氧化得到产物;4-苯基-2-丁酮在六甲基二硅胺作用下与三甲基碘硅烷反应得到4-苯基-2-丁烯-2-基三甲基硅醚,产率为75%;第2步烯醇硅醚用间氯过氧苯甲酸氧化,得到产物3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮,产率达71%;该路线总产率为53%。以(E)-1-苯基-1-丁烯-3-酮为起始原料的合成路线总产率略低,但操作简单,试剂价廉易得,是更为实用可行的合成路线。     

碱催化2,5-己二酮脱水制3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮

以2,5-己二酮为原料,选用碱催化剂在弱极性有机溶剂中实现2,5-己二酮脱水制备3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮。考察了碱催化剂种类、催化剂加入量、反应温度和时间等因素对产物收率的影响。得出的较佳实验条件为:以硅酸钠为碱催化剂,反应温度为180℃,反应时间为5.0 h,反应溶剂为环己烷,在此条件下可以得到收率为98%的3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮。     

微波干法合成4-（3-吡啶基）-3-丁烯-2-酮的研究

以氯丙酮和三苯基膦为原料反应制得磷叶立德,在无溶剂的微波条件下,磷叶立德与3-吡啶甲醛经Wittig反应制得4-(3-吡啶基)-3-丁烯-2-酮。反应后用二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,除去溶剂后得到纯净产物。反应时间为1min,产率达100%。     

6-乙酰氧基-4(3氢)-喹唑啉酮的合成

以2-氨基-5-羟基苯甲酸为原料,与甲酰胺环合得到6-羟基-4(3氢)-喹唑啉酮,再用乙酸酐酯化得到6-乙酰氧基-4(3氢)-喹唑啉酮。研究了每步反应的投料比和反应温度对收率、纯度的影响。结果表明,①6-羟基-4(3氢)-喹唑啉酮的最佳工艺条件为:2-氨基-5-羟基苯甲酸与甲酰胺的摩尔比是1∶15,温度160℃,反应时间4 h;②6-乙酰氧基-4(3氢)-喹唑啉酮的最佳工艺条件为:6-羟基-4(3氢)-喹唑啉酮与乙酸酐的摩尔比是1∶1.2,温度80℃,反应时间3 h;两步反应的总产率达96%,产物纯度>99.0%。     

由胆甾醇制备2-苯亚甲基-5α-胆甾烷-3-酮

以胆甾醇(■)为起始原料,通过10%Pd-C催化加氢还原合成5α-胆甾烷-3β-醇(■),■经Jones试剂氧化反应,得到5α-胆甾烷-3-酮(■),■经NaOH催化与苯甲醛发生Claisen-Schmidt缩合生成2-苯亚甲基-5α-胆甾烷-3-酮(■)。对制备工艺进行了优化,确定加氢反应的条件为:乙醇溶液中,25℃反应20 h;Jones试剂氧化反应的条件为:丙酮溶液中30℃反应2 h;Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应的条件为:乙醇溶液中,在NaOH催化下先25℃反应2 h,再升温至50℃反应3 h。优化条件下,3步反应总收率74.7%。产物结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和APCI-MS确证。     

香料王朝酮中间体4,4-二甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮的制备方法研究

王朝酮是一种类似于格蓬香同时具有菠萝的青香及风信子香气的香料,4,4-二甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮是合成王朝酮的重要中间体。目前合成此中间体多以有剧毒的甲基乙烯基酮作为原料,违背了绿色化学的原则。本实验对此路线进行了优化,以二乙胺盐酸盐、多聚甲醛、丙酮为起始原料,替代了有剧毒的甲基乙烯基酮,经曼尼希反应合成4-二乙氨基-2-丁酮,再与异丁醛进行迈克尔加成成功制备目标产物,并且优化了反应条件(反应温度、反应物投料比和反应时间)。结果表明:当4-二乙氨基-2-丁酮和异丁醛的投料比为1∶1.2、反应时间为8h、反应温度为80℃时,4,4-二甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮的产率可达83%。     

农药中间体6-乙硫基-3-庚烯-2-酮的绿色合成方法研究

3-(乙硫基)丁醛与丙酮在催化剂作用下进行羟醛缩合制得环己烯酮类除草剂关键中间体6-乙硫基-3-庚烯-2-酮。该方法工艺路线简单，反应条件温和，原料便宜易得，路线绿色清洁。     

3-壬烯-2-酮的合成工艺优化

丙酮和正己醛在KOH水溶液中经加成反应生成4-羟基-2-壬酮,考察了KOH溶液的浓度和用量、丙酮和正己醛的摩尔比以及反应温度等因素对该加成反应转化率和选择性的影响,确定了反应的最佳参数:当KOH水溶液的浓度为10%,丙酮和正己醛的摩尔比n(丙酮):n(正己醛)=5:1时,反应在30℃进行100min,正己醛的转化率可达89%,生成4-羟基-2-壬酮的选择性可达88%。反应产物无需进一步纯化处理,在酸性介质中经分子内消除反应可生成3-壬烯-2-酮和4-壬烯-2-酮。考察了介质pH对3-壬烯-2-酮选择性的影响,结果表明当介质的pH=2时,该消除反应在100°C进行2h可使4-羟基-2-壬酮的转化率达到90%,其中生成3-壬烯-2-酮的选择性为91%。较高的选择性和转化率使此方法更具实用性。     

2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮的合成研究

以3,3-二甲基丁酮和2,2-二甲基丙酸甲酯为原料、氢化钠为强碱、四氢呋喃为反应溶剂,通过酮酯缩合反应合成了2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮,考察了溶剂、反应时间、3,3-二甲基丁酮的滴加速度、酮酯摩尔比及氢化钠用量等因素对反应的影响.在3,3-二甲基丁酮、2,2-二甲基丙酸甲酯和氢化钠的摩尔比为1:1.5:3、4 h内滴加完3,3-二甲基丁酮溶液、回流反应8 h的最佳工艺条件下,产品收率可达64.5%.     

除草剂氟酮磺隆中间体5-甲氧基-4-甲基-2,4-二氢-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮的合成

5-甲氧基-4-甲基-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮是氟酮磺隆的关键中间体。以硫氰酸钾和氯甲酸甲酯为起始原料,经三步反应得到目的产物。(1)以甲基异丁酮为溶剂,硫氰酸钠和氯甲酸甲酯、甲醇反应制得1,3-二甲基硫代亚胺二羟酸酯;(2)以上产物与水合肼环化制得5-甲氧基-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;(3)经硫酸二甲酯甲基化制得目的产物5-甲氧基-4-甲基-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮(MMT)。分别考察了催化剂对1,3-二甲基硫代亚胺二羟酸酯,缚酸剂对5-甲氧基-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮和pH值对5-甲氧基-4-甲基2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮收率的影响。产物总收率55.61%。     

Ferroelectric Ceramics in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3 System

Solid solutions (1-x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ + xPbCd_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ with x = 0-0.30 are investigated with purpose to work out a capacitor ceramics with good dielectric properties and low sintering temperature. It is found that the perovskite phase forms at sintering near to 980°C and begins to decompose at higher temperatures. When x grows from 0 to 0.30, the Curie temperature linearly grows from -10°C to +25°C, the dielectric permittivity ε_m in the Curie point T_C decreases from 18000 to 6800 and the phase transition becomes more diffused. The dielectric permittivity at room temperature is rather high and the temperature stability is improved. The system is of interest, because it can serve as a base for working out some ceramic materials for capacitors with low sintering temperature, which needs of no special atmosphere at burning.     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇（BBMP）为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷（BrMMO）。讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响。通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为：BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4h时,BrMMO产率为65%。最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO。该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小。     

3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环的合成

以三羟甲基乙烷与碳酸二乙酯为原料,经环化反应合成了3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(HMM O)。在低温下,HMM O与对甲苯磺酰氯反应生成3-磺酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(M TM O)。M TM O和叠氮化钠发生叠氮化反应形成叠氮单体3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMM O)。三步反应收率分别为76%,96%,85%。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了化合物的结构与性能。结构鉴定表明为目标化合物AMM O。     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇(BBMP)为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(BrMMO).讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响.通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4 h时,BrMMO产率为65%.最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO.该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小.     

The Preparation and Crystal Structure of TlMnCl3, TlFeCl3, TlCoCl3 and TlNiCl3

The compounds TlMnCl₃, TlFeCl₃, TlCoCl₃ and TlNiCl₃ were prepared by heating T1C1 with the corresponding transition metal dichloride in an evacuated ampoule. Atomic positions were determined from powder photographs. All four compounds were found to be related to the perovskite type structure. TlMnCl₃ has a cubic structure, space group Pm3m, with a_o = 5.025 Å. The other three compounds are hexagonal, probable space group P6₃mc, with cell dimensions (in Å) a₀ = 6.976 and c₀ = 6.008 for the Fe compound, a₀ = 6.907 and c₀ = 5.981 for the Co compound and a₀ = 6.863 and c₀ = 5.881 for the Ni compound. The three hexagonal compounds are isomorphous. A measureable concentration of basal plane stacking faults was found to occur in TlFeCl₃ and also, to a lesser degree, in TlCoCl_3.     

Tunable color emission in LaScO3:Bi3+,Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphor

LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ (x = 0 − 0.04, y = 0 − 0.05, z = 0 − 0.05) phosphors were prepared via high-temperature solid-state reaction. Phase identification and crystal structures of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystal structure of phosphors was analyzed by Rietveld refinement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent performance of these trichromatic phosphors is investigated by diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence. The phenomenon of energy transfer from Bi³⁺ and Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ in LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors was investigated. By changing the ratio of x, y, and z, trichromatic can be obtained in the LaScO₃ host, including red, green, and blue emission with peak centered at 613, 544, and 428 nm, respectively. Therefore, two kinds of white light-emitting phosphors were obtained, LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.05Tb³⁺,zEu³⁺ and LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.03Eu³⁺,yTb³⁺. The energy transfer was characterized by decay times of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺, yTb³⁺, zEu³⁺ phosphors. Moreover absolute internal QY and CIE chromatic coordinates are shown. The potential optical thermometry application of LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ was based on the temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR). The maximum S_a and S_r are 0.118 K⁻¹ (at 473.15 K) and 0.795% K⁻¹ (at 448.15 K), respectively. Hence, the LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ phosphor is a good material for optical temperature sensing.     

2,2,3-三氯-3-苯基-3-(3-甲基苯甲酰基)丙腈的合成研究

以苯甲酰氯、四氯化碳、间甲基苯甲酰氰为原料,合成了标题化合物。重点考察了氰化过程中不同原料配比、反应温度、时间、溶剂和催化剂用量对收率的影响。实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为:n(1,1,2-三氯-2-苯基乙烯)∶n(3-甲基苯甲酰氰)=1∶1.2,二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,3 mmol催化剂三乙胺,室温反应5 h,总收率达80.6%。     

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(HB–HV)], and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB–HHx)] were made with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the thermal degradation of PHB, the onset of weight loss occurred at the temperature (°C) given by T_o = 0.75B + 311, where B represents the heating rate (°C/min). The temperature at which the weight-loss rate was at a maximum was T_p = 0.91B + 320, and the temperature at which degradation was completed was T_f = 1.00B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HV) (70:30), T_o = 0.96B + 308, T_p = 0.99B + 320, and T_f = 1.09B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HHx) (85:15), T_o = 1.11B + 305, T_p = 1.10B + 319, and T_f = 1.16B + 325. The derivative thermogravimetry curves of PHB, P(HB–HV), and P(HB–HHx) confirmed only one weight-loss step change. The incorporation of 30 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) and 15 mol % 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx) components into the polyester increased the various thermal temperatures T_o, T_p, and T_f relative to those of PHB by 3–12°C (measured at B = 40°C/min). DSC measurements showed that the incorporation of HV and HHx decreased the melting temperature relative to that of PHB by 70°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 90–98, 2001