熔烧型料浆法制备Al-Si涂层的应用研究

用熔烧型料浆法在镍基高温合金ЖС6У表面制备了Al-Si涂层.对料浆层厚度对涂层深度、基材尺寸的影响,以及涂层的组织结构、显微硬度及性能进行了测试分析.结果表明,所制备的涂层组织结构致密,抗氧化、抗冲蚀性能好,涂层与基体是冶金结合,可广泛用于需要高温防腐的各种零部件上.     

SiC/Si-MoSi2/MoSi2涂层的抗氧化性能

用液硅渗透和料浆烧结法在石墨基体上制备了SiC/Si-MoSi2/MoSi2抗氧化涂层,并研究了涂层的组织结构以及抗氧化性能.结果表明涂层结构由内到外依次为SiC内层、Si和MoSi2组成的中间过渡层、MoSi2外层,呈现出良好的梯度分布特征.涂层在1700℃的高温下具有极好的抗氧化性能和抗热震性能.     

航天发动机用铌钨合金表面涂层堆积

通过观察硅化物涂层表面、断面微观形貌和EDS分析,分析了航天发动机用铌钨合金高温抗氧化涂层表面堆积的形成机理及其对涂层性能的影响。研究发现料浆熔烧法制备的涂层有点堆积和线堆积两种,点堆积是由于涂层碎屑污染料浆产生,并不改变涂层的结构和成分,对涂层整体性能影响不大;在熔烧过程中由于涂层脱落会形成线堆积,引起涂层厚度波动,且伴生有漏涂现象,使涂层性能急剧下降,漏涂处迅速损坏。     

Zn-SiO2复合涂层及其抗氧化性能

采用料浆法渗Zn、溶胶-凝胶法沉积SiO2制备Zn-SiO2复合涂层。采用EDS、SEM、XRD等方法分析了涂渗层的成分、结构与组织，采用增量法研究了渗Zn试样和Zn—SiO2复合涂层试样的抗高温氧化性能。结果表明，Zn—SiO2复合涂层将渗Zn层的抗氧化性能提高了3倍以上。     

钼及钼合金表面高温防护涂层的研究进展

系统总结了国内外关于钼及钼合金表面高温防护涂层的最新研究成果，分析了钼在不同温度区间的氧化特征，并基于涂层组织结构稳定性、涂层缺陷、涂层与基体界面结合强度、界面物理和化学相容性、氧扩散等多方面，概述了钼及钼合金表面高温防护涂层的性能要求。归纳了现阶段应用于钼及钼合金表面的高温防护涂层体系，主要包括单一硅化物涂层、改性的硅化物涂层、硅化物基梯度复合涂层、铝化物涂层、耐热合金涂层和氧化物涂层，重点讨论了涂层的成分和结构对其抗高温氧化性能的影响。同时，对比介绍了钼及钼合金表面高温防护涂层常用的制备方法，主要包括料浆烧结法、包埋渗法、等离子喷涂法、熔盐法、化学气相沉积法、磁控溅射法等。最后，对钼及钼合金表面高温防护涂层现阶段存在的问题及未来发展方向进行了展望。     

镍基合金渗Al涂层氧化动力学特征分析

采用无机盐料浆法在涡轮发动机叶片材料表面制备渗Al涂层试样，对其进行1000℃，200h高温氧化性能试验，利用扫描电镜和光镜对氧化后的涂层表面形态进行了观察，并绘制了氧化动力学曲线和拟合氧化动力学方程。结果表明：料浆渗Al涂层形成的氧化膜在一定程度上改善了合金的抗氧化性能，延长了合金的使用寿命。试验过程中，氧化膜出现裂纹甚至产生微观通道而导致防护性能下降，说明氧化膜与基体间的微观结构与涂层的抗氧化性密切相关。     

SiC 涂层对不同碳基体氧化防护行为的研究

为了提高碳材料的抗氧化性能,采用料浆烧结法在石墨和C/C复合材料上制备了SiC 抗氧化涂层.测试了SiC涂层在1200℃的高温下对不同碳基体的氧化防护能力,利用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层结构进行分析.结果表明:SiC涂层对不同碳材料的抗氧化防护行为有很大差异,在1200℃的高温下SiC涂层对石墨具有较好的抗氧化性能,而对C/C复合材料的氧化防护性能较差.     

料浆包渗法制备MoSi2高温抗氧化涂层

目的开发钼基体表面制备Mo Si2高温抗氧化涂层的新工艺。方法创造性地采用料浆包渗法在钼基体表面制备MoSi2高温抗氧化涂层,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)结合能谱仪(EDS)分析并确定涂层的主体层和过渡层物相。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察涂层表面及断面的微观组织形貌,探讨硅化物形成机理并建立料浆包渗过程模型。探究料浆涂覆厚度、NaF活化剂含量、热处理温度、热处理时间等工艺参数对涂层厚度的影响。结果采用料浆包渗法在钼基体表面制备出了双层硅化物涂层,外层为多边棱柱状MoSi2,内层为均匀致密的玻璃状Mo5Si3。料浆涂覆厚度较薄时,涂层内层(Mo5Si3)加厚,而外层(MoSi2)变薄。活化剂NaF质量分数在0～20%内与涂层厚度呈正相关性,质量分数达到20%后,涂层厚度基本不变。热处理温度在活化剂NaF和渗剂Si粉相变转化点附近,对涂层生成起较大作用。热处理时间越长,涂层总厚度越大,但涂层生成速率与热处理时间呈倒抛物线关系。结论采用料浆包渗法,能在较低热处理温度下(800～1400℃)及较短的热处理时间内(1～7 h)在钼基体表面成功制备出致密的MoSi2高温抗氧化涂层,提高热处理温度和增加时间能够增加涂层厚度。     

K444合金铝硅渗层的高温氧化行为分析

采用料浆法在K444镍基高温合金表面制备Al-Si涂层。依据HB5258-2000《钢及高温合金抗氧化性测定试验方法》标准,采用静态增重法对有涂层试样和无涂层试样进行了1000℃×200 h抗高温氧化性能试验,并绘制了氧化动力学曲线。用能谱扫描电镜对渗层原始组织和氧化膜的截面形貌进行分析,研究有无涂层试样在高温氧化过程中的元素扩散。结果表明带有Al-Si涂层的K444合金具有良好的抗高温氧化能力。     

K4104合金渗Al-Si涂层抗高温氧化性能研究

采用无机盐料浆法,在K4104镍基高温合金表面制备Al-Si涂层通过改变粘结剂中CrO3的含量得到两种不同成分的Al-Si涂层.依据HB5258-2000标准,对制备了Al-Si涂层的K4104镍基高温合金进行了高温氧化性能试验.绘制了氧化动力学曲线,用带能谱分析的扫描电镜观察了涂层的表面氧化形貌和横截面组织形貌.结果表明,K4104镍基高温合金表面的Al-Si涂层在高温氧化过程中已转变成完整致密的α-Al2O3氧化层和β-NiAl相化合物层,且与基体合金的粘附性良好,说明Al-Si涂层具有优良的抗高温氧化性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.