响应面法优化乙醇提取芹菜中黄酮的工艺研究

以乙醇为提取溶剂,采用单因素和响应面分析法相结合的手段优选芹菜中黄酮提取工艺。首先通过单因素试验初步探讨了液料比、乙醇浓度、提取温度和提取时间4个主要因素对黄酮得率的影响规律。然后,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计试验,建立了回归方程的预测模型,方差和响应面分析结果表明:4个因素及其二次项对黄酮提取率影响显著,料液比和提取温度、料液比和提取时间、乙醇体积分数和提取温度之间的交互作用显著。最终,确定了芹菜黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为液料比41∶1(m L/g),乙醇体积分数84%,提取温度83℃,提取时间134 min,在此条件下黄酮提取率为3.276%。     

白背三七类黄酮提取工艺条件的优化

采用乙醇提取法研究白背三七类黄酮化合物的提取工艺条件。通过单因素试验和正交试验,考察了乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间等四个因素对类黄酮得率的影响;优化了白背三七类黄酮的提取工艺条件。结果表明,各因素对类黄酮得率的影响大小依次为乙醇体积分数＞提取温度＞料液比＞提取时间,白背三七类黄酮提取的最优工艺条件为：乙醇体积分数85%,料液比1∶25（g∶mL）,提取时间120 min,提取温度60 ℃。在此最佳提取工艺条件下,类黄酮平均得率为3.81%。     

花生壳中黄酮物质提取工艺优化研究

研究了花生壳中黄酮物质的提取工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,运用二次回归正交旋转组合设计法研究了时间、温度、乙醇体积分数、液料比对花生壳黄酮提取率的影响,建立了具有提取条件的数学模型,确定了最优提取条件。结果表明,对花生壳黄酮提取率影响作用大小的顺序为：提取时间＞液料比＞乙醇体积分数＞提取温度。最优提取工艺条件为：时间2h、提取温度53℃、乙醇体积分数73%、液料比27ml/g,在该条件下花生壳黄酮提取率达4.04%。     

乙醇回流法提取葛根黄酮的工艺优化研究

采用正交试验法优化乙醇回流法提取葛根黄酮的工艺研究。在单因素试验的基础上,选择回流温度、回流时间、料液比、乙醇体积分数四个因素,进行正交试验设计,评估了这些因素对葛根黄酮提取率的影响。试验结果表明最佳工艺参数为回流温度90 ℃,提取时间120 min,料液比1∶40(g∶mL),乙醇体积分数70%。在此条件下,葛根黄酮的提取率为1.62%。     

响应面法优化银杏叶黄酮提取工艺

在乙醇体积分数、提取温度、液料比和提取时间4个单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对银杏黄酮提取条件进行优化,考察各因素的影响效应及其交互作用,得出银杏黄酮提取的回归方程,确定最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度78.6℃,乙醇体积分数72.95%,提取时间2.24 h,液料比36.47(mL/g)。在此条件下黄酮提取率预测值为1.299%,与试验值1.291%基本一致。     

胡麻饼粕黄酮提取工艺研究

以胡麻饼粕为原料、采用乙醇为提取剂提取胡麻饼粕中的黄酮,选取乙醇体积分数、液料比、提取时间、提取温度四个单因素进行正交试验,采用方差分析对试验数据进行分析得出胡麻饼粕黄酮的最佳提取工艺.结果表明,胡麻饼粕黄酮的最佳提取工艺参数为乙醇体积分数70％、液料比70∶1、提取时间90min、提取温度70℃,在此条件下黄酮的最佳提取得率为0.195％.     

芡实叶黄酮超声提取工艺优化

通过Plackett-burman设计法研究料液比、超声功率、乙醇体积分数、提取温度和时间5个因素对芡实叶黄酮提取效果的影响,选择影响效果较显著的4个因素——料液比、超声功率、乙醇体积分数、提取时间通过正交试验优化得出超声提取芡实叶黄酮最佳工艺条件为料液比1:25(g/mL)、超声功率175W、乙醇体积分数85%、提取时间40min,在此条件下芡实叶黄酮提取量为90.28mg/g。     

紫色马铃薯花色苷的浸提工艺研究

采用浸提法提取紫色马铃薯中的花色苷,考察了不同溶剂、乙醇体积分数、浸提温度、浸提时间、pH和液料比等因素对浸提效果的影响,确定了最佳单因素水平.通过正交试验,确定了紫色马铃薯中花色苷提取的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数70%,提取温度50℃,提取时间90 min,pH 1.00,液料比10:1(mL/g).在此条件下,紫色马铃薯中花色苷的一次提取得率为3.4%.液料比和乙醇体积分数是影响紫色马铃薯中花色苷提取率的主要因素,其中,液料比影响最大,达到极显著水平,其次是乙醇体积分数,也达显著水平,时间和温度有一定影响,均不显著.     

枣核总黄酮的微波辅助提取工艺优化

目的：采用正交试验法,优选枣核中总黄酮的微波辅助提取工艺。方法：以芦丁为对照品,采用分光光度法进行测定,以枣核黄酮提取率作为考查指标,对影响黄酮提取工艺的因素进行研究。通过单因素试验研究微波功率、提取时间、提取温度、料液比和提取溶剂乙醇体积分数对提取效果的影响。然后,利用正交试验法优化最佳提取工艺条件。结果：对枣核黄酮提取的影响程度大小顺序为料液比＞提取温度＞提取时间＞乙醇体积分数＞微波功率,正交试验结果表明最佳提取工艺参数为料液比1:60(g/mL)、提取温度60℃、乙醇体积分数50%、提取时间20min、微波功率500W。在最佳工艺条件下,枣核黄酮粗品的提取产率为10.14%,粗品中黄酮含量为7.00%。结论：采用正交试验-微波提取工艺,能显著提高枣核黄酮的提取效率,具有较好的提取效果。     

超声-微波协同萃取银杏叶黄酮与内酯B的工艺研究

研究了超声-微波协同萃取银杏叶黄酮与内酯B的最佳工艺条件,以银杏叶黄酮与内酯B得率为考核指标,探讨料液比、提取温度、乙醇体积分数以及浸提时间等因素对银杏叶黄酮与内酯B得率的影响,并通过单因素及正交试验对其提取工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,最优提取工艺条件为料液比1∶20(g∶mL),提取温度50 ℃,乙醇体积分数为70%和提取时间4 min。在此最佳条件下,银杏叶黄酮及内酯B的得率分别为2.25%和0.81%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the