沥青基活性碳纤维的微观结构及其储氢性能研究

氢能是一种清洁的可再生能源，由于传统的储氢材料和储氢技术达不到氢燃料电池电动车的实用要求，储氢问题已成为氢能应用中最急需解决的关键问题。用KOH活化法制备了沥青基活性碳纤维，利用低温（77K）N2吸附法测定沥青基活性碳纤维的BET比表面积和孔结构，沥青基活性碳纤维的比表面积为1484m^2／g，微孔孔容为0．373m^3／g，采用日本SuzukiShokan公司的PCT测量系统，测试沥青基活性碳纤维的储氢性能，在液氮温度和4MPa压力条件下，沥青基活性碳纤维储氢量为4．75％（质量分数）。     

金属合金及碳材料储氢的研究进展

论述了金属合金和碳材料的储氢机理、吸放氢量和动力学性能;探讨了活性金属Ni、Pd、Li和K对碳材料储氢的催化性能和金属Mg与多壁纳米碳管、碳纳米纤维、高比表面积活性炭、无烟煤和纳米石墨等碳材料复合储氢的性能及机理;指出了储氢材料应该向Li、Na、Mg、Al、B等轻元素和无烟煤、石墨等储量大、赋存广、成本低的碳材料方向发展.     

Mg87-xNi12MoGx复合储氢材料的机械合金化制备

介绍了用机械合金化制备的Mg87-xNi12MoGx(G代表石墨)系列复合储氢材料.对相同球磨条件但不同配比的原料进行球磨后所获得的样品进行了扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析,并对其储氢量进行了初步的测试.发现材料不需活化即可吸氢,且有的材料的储氢量在423K、2MPa的条件就可达到5.6%(质量分数)左右.     

沸石矿为模板制备多孔炭的研究

以几种沸石矿为模板、蔗糖为碳源，通过模板法制备了多孔炭，并用77K氮气吸附和X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行了表征。结果表明：此方法可以制备出具有一定比表面积和较大中孔容积的多孔炭．其中孔率随着模板中孔容积的增大而增加，但在所制多孔炭中存有少量的杂质。     

以金属框架有机物为模板合成微孔炭及其对CO2的吸附性能（英文）

以金属框架有机物为模板,酚醛树脂为碳质前躯体,合成系列微孔炭。合成的微孔炭比表面积可达2 368 m2/g;在300 K常压条件下,该材料对CO2的饱和吸附量为2.9mmol/g。通过调节碳质前躯体的配比和老化时间,可以控制微孔炭的孔结构;在炭化过程中,挥发逸出的Zn也对基体碳发挥协同活化功能,进而使微孔炭的微孔含量提高。微孔炭对CO2的饱和吸附量随其比表面积的增加而增大。     

一维碳纳米材料储氢机理及应用前景

氢能的储存是氢能利用的关键，一维碳纳米材料具有非常高的比表面积及一些常规材料所不具备的特异效应和性能，有望成为颇具优势的储氢材料。通过简述一维碳纳米材料储氢在各国的研究成果，表明其储氢容量比现有的一般储氢技术高1至2个数量级，引起世人的瞩目；详细介绍了碳纳米纤维的储氢机理，可能包括氢的物理和化学吸附两种形式，详细情况尚待深入研究；除此以外，还有许多诸如：如何提高体积储氢密度和氢的吸脱附速度及动力学和实用条件下的吸放氢研究等问题需要解决。     

金属-有机配合物[LaCu6(μ-OH)3(GlY)6 Im6](ClO4)6的储氢性能研究

氢能是人类公认的未来的理想能源,而储氢材料是氢能应用的基础.金属-有机配合物作为一类新型的有发展前途的储氢材料正受到人们的重视.用P-C-T装置对金属-有机配合物[LaCu6(μ-OH)3(GlY)6Im6](ClO4)6其进行了储氢性能测试.实验结果证明,在温度为299 K,压力为0.1～3.2MPa的条件下,该配合物最大吸氢量达到0.41%,说明该配合物具有一定的储氢性能.最后结合该配合物晶体空间结构,初步分析其储氢机理为物理吸附.     

尿素-过氧化氢混合模板法合成介孔二氧化硅

以尿素-过氧化氢为混合模板、正硅酸乙酯为硅源,在酸性条件下,通过溶胶-凝胶过程合成二氧化硅介孔材料。采用煅烧法除去模板剂,用红外光谱、XRD、N2吸附-脱附、HRTEM等分析测试手段对介孔材料的结构和形态进行了表征。结果表明:与以尿素为单一模板相比,采用混合模板剂所合成介孔材料为蠕虫状,孔径分布基本保持不变、比表面积相近(分别为445、431m2/g)、孔径(分别为7.04、8.11nm)和孔体积(分别为0.783、0.874cm3/g)明显增大。     

Pd负载高度交联聚苯乙烯的制备及储氢性能

多孔材料已经被广泛地应用于储氢研究。本文研究了Pd负载的高度交联聚苯乙烯（Pd—HCLPS）储氢材料的制备及储氢性能。在超声的辅助下,通过简便的置换反应成功制备了Pd—HCLPS。Pd颗粒以纳米尺度均匀分散在聚合物中。通过调节超声时间,制备了一系列不同Pd含量的Pd—HCLPS样品。发现Pd含量是影响氢溢流的一个重要因素。相比于HCLPS,Pd的负载使Pd—HCLPS样品的储氢量增强了1．1～1．7倍。在173K,3．1MPa下,最大储氢量为1．46wt9／6。     

含胺基骨架多孔聚合物的合成及储氢性能研究

以三聚氰胺和对苯二甲醛为原料,通过溶剂热法制备出含胺基骨架多孔聚合物(AFPP),利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、微孔分析仪和储氢分析仪等现代分析手段对其结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:AFPP的主体骨架链接结构为缩醛胺结构(—N—CR1R2—N—);当三聚氰胺和对苯二甲醛摩尔比为2∶3时,合成的AFPP-2比表面积为389.82m2/g,且具有微孔-中孔-大孔的层次结构;储氢性能分析显示AFPP-2在298K、4.72MPa条件下,氢气吸附量达到9.02%(质量分数)。     

合成条件对晶态介孔TiO2结构和性能的影响

采用sol-gel法合成了锐钛矿相介孔氧化钛，利用XRD、BET、TEM和PL对介孔TiO2的结构和光致发光性能进行了表征及分析。结果表明，采用预制TiO2溶胶为钛源，所得介孔氧化钛具有良好的锐钛矿晶型、较大的孔径和比表面积，具有高的光致发光活性。     

Direct synthesis of highly ordered Ti-containing Al-SBA-15 mesostructured catalysts from natural halloysite and its photocatalytic activity for oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene

Here we show that bimetallic Ti-Al-SBA-15 materials were synthesized successfully from titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and natural halloysite clay via the direct hydrothermal method. The results revealed that the incorporation of titanium species in the Al-SBA-15 framework retained the characteristic peaks and possessed an increased Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area in comparison to the conventional Al-SBA-15 material. The successful isomorphous substitution of titanium in the Al-SBA-15 framework was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopies. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the composite material exhibited a highly ordered 2-D hexagonal mesostructure. The photocatalytic activity of these Ti-Al-SBA-15 mesoporous materials were assessed by dibenzothiophene (DBT) conversion under UV light irradiation, showing that the Al-SBA-15 sample containing 7.5 wt% of titanium possessed the highest photocatalytic activity with a conversion of 92.68% at 70 °C and maintained the catalytic performance after four cycles. These results suggest a promising technique to produce the Ti-Al-SBA-15 photocatalyst from an abundant and low-cost clay material.     

Effect of Microstructure on Electrorheological Property for Pure TiO2 Particle Material

Pure titanium dioxide （TiO2） particle materials were prepared by hydrolyzing titanium tetrachloride （TiCl4）. The microstructures of these materials were determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, accelerated surface area and porosimetry apparatus （BET）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The TiO2 materials obtained by calcinations under different temperatures distinctly revealed different microstructures in crystal structure type, surface area, pore size, pore volume and grain size. The relationship between the microstructure of the TiO2 materials and their electrorheological （ER） activity was investigated. Anatase titania particles have better ER performance than rutile titania particles. Amorphous TiO2 materials display higher ER activity than the crystalline titania materials. A large pore volume can be more advantageous in improving the ER effect of a particle material.     

Effect of Microstructure on Electrorheological Property for Pure Particle Material

Pure titanium dioxide (TiO2) particle materials were prepared by hydrolyzing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). The microstructures of these materials were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), accelerated surface area and porosimetry apparatus (BET), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TiO2 materials obtained by calcinations under different temperatures distinctly revealed different microstructures in crystal structure type, surface area, pore size, pore volume and grain size. The relationship between the microstructure of the TiO2 materials and their electrorheological (ER) activity was investigated. Anatase titania particles have better ER performance than rutile titania particles. Amorphous TiO2 materials display higher ER activity than the crystalline titania materials. A large pore volume can be more advantageous in improving the ER effect of a particle material.     

The synthesis and characterization of titanium silicalite-1

This paper investigates the effect of the variation in alkoxide precursor ratio and templating agent concentration on the production of titanium silicalite (TS-1) through analysis using various physical characterisation techniques. X-ray diffraction showed clear evidence for the MFI zeolite structure and a high degree of crystallinity in all systems. For those materials prepared using a templating agent with ultra low alkali metal content, excellent agreement with previously reported unit cell parameters was obtained. For these same systems, 20% higher specific surface areas were also obtained by nitrogen adsorption. Analysis using an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer coupled to a scanning electron microscope showed that the product typically contained between 60 and 90% of the titanium in the precursor and some dependence of titanium incorporation on the initial mixture composition was also observed. The results from Raman spectroscopy indicated titanium incorporation into the silicalite framework for all systems. For those materials produced using a templating agent with low alkali metal content, extra-framework anatase titanium dioxide was also identified at moderate Ti : Si mole ratios (>0.03) in the initial mixture. Due to its lower penetration depth, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterise the titanium species in the surface layer. The XPS results indicated that a small amount of extra-framework titania was present in the surface of most of the TS-1 samples and the proportion of extra-framework material was observed to increase with both precursor alkali metal content and precursor titanium to silicon ratio.     

纳米介孔氧化铝的制备工艺及性能

分别采用碳黑和十六烷基三乙基溴化铵作为模板剂,硝酸铝为前驱体,用溶胶-凝胶法合成介孔氧化铝.通过N2吸附一脱附、TG-DSC等测试手段对样品进行了对比分析表征.考察了两种不同模板剂对其晶体结构、比表面及孔径大小的影响.实验结果表明,相对于十六烷基三甲基溴化铵或碳黑做模板剂,采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和碳黑组成的复合模板剂可以合成较大的比表面积、孔径和孔容(分别为370m2/g、6.5nm和1.54cm3/g)的介孔氧化铝,而且具有较窄的孔径分布.     

Preparation and characterisation of titanium dioxide films for catalytic applications generated by anodic spark deposition

The advanced plasma electrochemical process of anodic spark deposition (ASD) was used to generate photoactive titanium dioxide films on titanium metal substrates. A shift to easier-to-machine substrates was demonstrated by the deposition of a titanium film with physical vapour deposition onto different materials such as glass, silicon, and stainless steel prior to ASD. Obtained films were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, surface area measurement (Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller method, BET), X-ray diffraction, electron-probe microanalysis, and glow discharge spectroscopy. Additionally, film thickness was determined by eddy current measurements. Standard ASD conditions were defined as 180 V applied voltage over a 180 s hold time, a voltage ramp of 20 V/s, a duty cycle of 0.5 and a frequency of 1500 Hz. Most prominent characteristics of the titanium films produced under these standard conditions are a film thickness of ≤80 μm, a surface area of approximately 51 m²/g (BET) and an anatase content of approximately 30% and rutile content of approximately 70%. Furthermore, the film formation process is elucidated and the dependence of film thickness on deposition time and the dependence of the anatase and rutile content on the deposited mass are shown for varying ASD conditions.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备二元炭质-TiO_2气凝胶前驱体

以炭质水性中间相和四氯化钛为原料 ,分别制取了炭质溶胶 -凝胶和钛溶胶 -凝胶 ,然后将二者充分搅拌混合后 ,再进行超临界干燥制得了二元炭质 /二氧化钛气凝胶粉末前驱体。利用 FT- IR,XRD和 TEM技术对二元炭质 /氧化钛粉末进行了表征。研究结果表明 ,二元炭质 /氧化钛粉末具有小于 10 nm的颗粒尺寸 ,炭和氧化钛混合均匀且具有较高的比表面和疏松的表观结构。     

Fe3O4纳米粒子作为催化剂和致孔剂制备高比表面积块体石墨化炭

报道了一种以Fe3O4纳米晶粒为催化剂和致孔剂制备具有高比表面积块体石墨化炭的方法.首先采用共沉淀法合成粒径＜10nm的Fe3O4纳米颗粒,然后将其均匀分散到以2,4-二羟基苯甲酸(D)、甲醛(F)为原料,无水Na2 CO3为催化剂形成的聚合物(DF)中,通过溶胶-凝胶过程和炭化过程得到掺杂Fe的石墨化炭.最后经过酸洗,得到纯的高比表面积块体石墨化炭.随炭化温度的升高(700℃～900℃),样品的石墨化程度增加.在800℃炭化,样品已具有明显的石墨化结构,且比表面积较大.     

溶剂热法制备铝掺杂纳米ZnO及其气敏性能

采用溶剂热法合成了铝掺杂的纳米ZnO气敏材料,运用XRD和BET等手段对产物进行了表征并进行了相应的气敏性能测试.结果表明,掺杂1.5%Al后的ZnO比表面最大,粒径最小;材料对乙醛、90#汽油、90#乙醇汽油、硫化氢、二氧化氮响应较高.掺杂量为1.5%Al的元件对90#汽油在浓度为50ppm时灵敏度接近120.