氧化石墨烯纳米流体分散性及过冷特性研究

以质量分数为0.05%的氧化石墨烯纳米流体为实验对象,测量了不同超声分散时间下氧化石墨烯纳米流体的粒度和Zeta电位分布。同时测定了降温过程中氧化石墨烯纳米流体的过冷度和相变时间,探讨了超声时间对氧化石墨烯纳米流体分散性和过冷特性的影响。实验结果表明,超声分散时间越长,分散性能越好,但在150min后,粒径和Zeta电位大小趋于稳定;且超声分散时间为150min时,过冷度较小,相变时间较短,分别为5.2℃和4870s。     

微波固相剥离制备石墨烯及其纳米流体的稳定性

利用简便快捷的微波固相剥离法将氧化石墨烯(Graphene oxide,GO)剥离成石墨烯(Microwave reduced graphene oxide,MRGO),并将得到的石墨烯通过超声分散于不同的基液中。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、透射电镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)对制备的样品进行了表征,发现通过这种方法可以使氧化石墨烯上的大部分含氧官能团得到去除。采用UV-vis,Zeta电位和沉淀物照片捕捉研究了pH值、超声时间和基液对石墨烯纳米流体稳定性的影响,发现经超声粉碎30min的石墨烯纳米流体能够保持均匀稳定达到一个月。此外,还分析了不同质量分数石墨烯-H2O纳米流体在不同温度下的导热系数,结果表明:石墨烯-H2O纳米流体的导热系数随着温度的升高和浓度的增大而提高,60℃时,质量分数为0.1%的石墨烯-H2O纳米流体的导热系数相对于基液提高了64%。     

水基纳米碳化钛流体稳定性分析

通过两步法制备出分散稳定性能好的水基碳化钛流体,采用分散稳定性分析、纳米颗粒表征来分析其状态。分散稳定性分析探讨了分散剂质量分数及pH值对水基流体稳定性的影响,纳米颗粒表征探讨了制备后流体中碳化钛晶相成分变化、颗粒表面分散剂吸附情况及颗粒存在形式。     

石墨烯纳米流体研究进展

润滑与冷却是当前工业领域两个重要的议题。前者与机械装置、零部件的使用可靠性和寿命直接相关,对减少摩擦产生的能耗具有重大意义,而后者对于高功率密度器件的热管理至关重要。二者的结合在航空航天、汽车机械等领域广泛存在,而纳米流体是一种很好的承载二者的工作介质。本文针对石墨烯纳米流体这一热点,综述了石墨烯纳米流体的分散理论基础与方法,对影响石墨烯纳米流体悬浮稳定性因素进行了调研,归纳总结了纳米流体的导热机理、影响因素以及石墨烯纳米流体进展,分析了纳米流体未实现大面积应用的主要原因,同时对石墨烯作为添加剂应用于润滑领域的进展进行了评述。最终提出石墨烯纳米流体协同增强换热与减磨润滑的应用设计。在航天器等应用领域中,由于对石墨烯纳米流体的力热耦合综合性能缺乏广泛研究,以及航天器稳定性和长期运行可靠性等问题,未来的研究应以航天传热工质为基础,进行纳米粒子针对性设计,通过系统开展基于空间环境动态流动换热性能与回路寿命的研究,为未来实现纳米流体的航天器应用奠定理论基础和提供技术支撑。     

水基纳米流体的凝固行为

选用二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米颗粒、碳纳米管(CNT)和石墨烯(graphene)纳米片制备水基纳米流体。采用步冷曲线法测量纳米流体的凝固温度和时间。研究纳米材料形状、尺寸、接触角和比表面积对纳米流体凝固行为的影响。实验发现,TiO2纳米颗粒、CNT纳米管和石墨烯纳米片对纳米流体过冷度和凝固时间的减小作用依次增强。0.034%(质量分数)浓度的石墨烯纳米片可完全消除水的过冷现象,使其凝固起始时间和总时间分别缩短61.22%和30.53%。成核理论分析表明,纳米流体的凝固过冷度主要取决于单位体积纳米流体的成核面积。与接触角、形状和尺寸相比,纳米材料的比表面积对纳米流体过冷度的影响更大。     

氧化石墨烯/乙二醇纳米流体动力粘度研究

纳米流体作为一种新型传热工质,为研究其动力粘度,通过两步法制备了体积分数0.2%-1.0%的试样,并在剪切速率26.4-118.8s^-1及温度10℃-30℃下进行了粘度测量试验,结果表明：该纳米流体的粘度随剪切速率的增大而迅速升高,在较高剪切速率时粘度变化幅度很小;其粘度随温度升高而显著降低,下降速率逐渐减小;其粘度大致随体积分数递增。此外,还发现了少量添加的氧化石墨烯能降低基液粘度的反常现象,这对于降低泵送功率有利。最后,基于机器学习的支持向量机方法建立了粘度模型,与试验数据吻合较好,展现了优异的预测能力。     

氧化石墨烯纳米带与氧化石墨烯增强热塑性聚氨酯薄膜的制备及性能

利用纵向裂解多壁碳纳米管制备了氧化石墨烯纳米带,并采用溶液成型的方法制得氧化石墨烯纳米带-氧化石墨烯(GONRs-GO)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料薄膜。场发射扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析结果显示,GONRs与GO间相互剥离并均匀地分散在TPU基体中;氧气透过率(OTR)和力学性能测试表明,GONRs和GO具有协同增强TPU复合材料薄膜的阻隔和力学性能的作用。当GONRs和GO在TPU中添加量均为1.5%(质量分数)时,GONRs-GO/TPU复合材料薄膜的阻隔和力学性能达到最佳。相比于纯TPU薄膜,该GONRs-GO/TPU复合材料薄膜的OTR降低了83.94%,拉伸断裂强度、屈服强度、扯断伸长率则分别提高了59.28%,59.54%和15.0%。     

氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子和石墨烯纳米带的研究进展

氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子是将氧化石墨烯纳米带(GONRs)与其他纳米粒子经π-π键、氢键等结合方式复合在一起,通过这种特殊的结合形态一方面可以有效地防止GONRs的聚积,另一方面新的纳米粒子的引入能够赋予该杂化材料某些特殊的性能,从而有利于充分发挥GONRs杂化材料在聚合物改性等领域的综合性能。本文综述了氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子的制备方法、性能和应用现状。此外,针对GONRs的还原产物石墨烯纳米带(GNRs)的结构、性能、制备方法及其应用领域也进行了系统性地论述。相关研究表明,氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子的设计与制备是氧化石墨烯纳米带迈向实用领域的一个有效途径,而石墨烯纳米作为石墨烯的一种特殊结构的二维变体,继承了石墨烯优良的导电和导热等性能,同时特殊的边缘效应,因而呈现出了更广阔的应用潜力。     

纳米氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及重金属废水处理研究

以改进的Hummers法制备了纳米氧化石墨烯(GO),以乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为改性剂,制备了功能化GO复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、FT-IR对功能化GO复合材料的晶格结构、微观形貌和官能团进行了表征,并以此作为吸附剂,测试了不同pH值、初始浓度、吸附时间等吸附环境对含Cd的重金属废水吸附性能的影响。结果表明,EDTA表面具有丰富的羟基、羧基等含氧基团,嫁接到GO表面后使GO表面的活性点位增多,Cd(Ⅱ)被功能化GO复合材料表面的活性点位所吸附后沉积在了原有的沟槽中,使复合材料的表面变得光滑。当pH=6时,功能化GO复合材料对含Cd重金属废水的吸附容量和去除率达到最大值,分别为45.8 mg/g和95.3%;在初始浓度为120 mg/L时,吸附容量和去除率达到了最大值,分别为66.5 mg/g和96.3%;在吸附时间为60 min时,可达饱和吸附,吸附容量和去除率达到最高值,分别为78.0 mg/g和98.5%。经过5次重复使用后,吸附容量可保持在23.8 mg/g,去除率保持在85.4%,具有优异的循环性能。     

氰酸酯树脂/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及表征

通过溶液插层的方法制备氰酸酯树脂/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和热重分析(TGA)研究纳米复合材料的结构和性能,采用电子万能试验机研究纳米复合材料的力学性能。研究表明,异氰酸苯酯改性氧化石墨在二甲基甲酰胺中经超声处理后剥离形成氧化石墨烯薄片;添加氧化石墨烯后纳米复合材料的力学性能和耐热性显著改善。当氧化石墨烯的含量为基体树脂的1%时,纳米复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别为82.9 MPa、148.6 MPa和12.9 kJ/m2,1000℃时的残炭率达45.1%。     

Thermal and aqueous stability improvement of graphene oxide enhanced diphenylalanine nanocomposites

Abstract

Nanocomposites of diphenylalanine (FF) and carbon based materials provide an opportunity to overcome drawbacks associated with using FF micro- and nanostructures in nanobiotechnology applications, in particular their poor structural stability in liquid solutions. In this study, FF/graphene oxide (GO) composites were found to self-assemble into layered micro- and nanostructures, which exhibited improved thermal and aqueous stability. Dependent on the FF/GO ratio, the solubility of these structures was reduced to 35.65% after 30 min as compared to 92.4% for pure FF samples. Such functional nanocomposites may extend the use of FF structures to e.g. biosensing, electrochemical, electromechanical or electronic applications.     

氧化石墨烯/密胺树脂复合材料的制备及其热性能研究

首先采用Hummers法制备出氧化石墨烯(GO),然后与三聚氰胺、甲醛进行原位聚合,制备出GO/密胺树脂(MF)复合材料,并用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析和观察了氧化石墨烯及复合材料的分子结构及形貌,通过导热系数测试仪、热重分析仪(TG)对复合材料的热性能进行了表征。研究发现,随着氧化石墨烯(GO)添加量的增加,复合材料导热系数增加先快后慢,当GO添加量为0.84%时,复合材料导热系数提高32.0%,GO的添加提高复合材料低温下的热稳定性。     

Size controllable synthesis of graphene water nanofluid with enhanced stability

A new preparation scheme of few-layer graphene water nanofluids was developed by exfoliating graphite in water with the help of polymer. The approach used centrifugation to classify the graphene nanosheets that made the graphene nanoflake length controllable. Population balance model was used to study the mechanism of exfoliation of graphite and the results revealed that the abrasion, cleavage and fracture all happened in these different stages of the exfoliation process. Mechanisms behind the size selection were also discussed and the terminal velocity was the critical factor to control the flake length. A simple model was developed to guide future similar experiments to obtain desired length graphene nanofluids. The stability of graphene nanofluid was also investigated and the result revealed that the obtained nanofluid showed enhanced stability suggesting great potential in heat transfer applications.     

以氧化石墨烯为氧化介质制备石墨烯/聚苯胺导电复合材料

采用超声辅助Hummers法制得厚度约为1 nm的氧化石墨烯, 以其为氧化介质与苯胺反应合成了石墨烯/聚苯胺(RGO/PANI)导电复合材料。利用AFM、SEM、XRD和FTIR对反应所得产物进行了表征。结果表明: 苯胺在略高于室温的酸性水溶液中可以对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行还原, 而苯胺自身则被氧化石墨烯中大量的含氧基团氧化并发生聚合反应, 最终生成RGO/PANI导电复合材料, 当苯胺用量为1 mL, 氧化石墨烯用量为0.1 g, 在水浴温度为70 ℃下剧烈搅拌24 h时, 获得的RGO/PANI复合材料导电性最佳, 约为10 S/cm。     

Preparation of large-sized graphene from needle coke and the adsorption for malachite green with its graphene oxide

With needle coke (NC) as an initial material, large-sized graphene was successfully prepared through an oxidation–exfoliation–thermal reduction process. The prepared graphene was characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, FTIR, XRD, Raman, and XPS, respectively. Results showed that the morphology of graphene from NC was different from that of natural graphite although the spectroscopic properties of graphene from NC are very similar to those from natural graphite. The lateral size of the prepared graphene is concentrated in 3–8?µm, which was considerably larger than that of natural graphite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and stacked graphene nanofibers (SGNFs). In addition, the adsorption capacity of graphene oxide from NC for malachite green was investigated to confirm the size of graphene indirectly. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of 437.7?mg/g for malachite green was considerably higher than that from natural graphite whose adsorption capacity was 209.5?mg/g under identical conditions. All results confirm that NC is a better alternative for the preparation of graphene than natural graphite.     

片状聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及电化学性能

通过原位聚合在低温条件下(-10℃)制备具有片状微结构的聚吡咯(PPy)/氧化石墨烯(GO)复合材料,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料进行结构表征的基础上,利用循环伏安(CV)、恒流充放电(GC)、电化学阻抗技术(EIS)测试复合材料的电化学性能。FT-IR结果表明复合材料中GO与PPy存在相互作用;SEM结果表明复合材料显示为亚微米片状结构形貌;CV、GC、EIS电化学分析表明,与纯聚吡咯及氧化石墨烯相比,复合材料显示出优越的电容特性。当电流密度保持在1 A/g时,复合材料的比电容可达319 F/g,比GO(9 F/g)和PPy(167 F/g)的比电容都要高,该复合材料可用作潜在的超级电容器电极材料。     

Long-term colloidal stability of graphene oxide aqueous nanofluids

Abstract

The use of nanofluids for industrial applications depends on its stability during transport and use. In this work, we demonstrate that graphene oxide (GO)-based aqueous nanofluids can remaining stable for as many as 90?days. The structural and morphological analyses showed that the GO samples have an average thickness of two graphitic layers with interlayer spacing of 1?nm. The long-term colloidal stability of the nanofluids was monitored for 90?days using three different techniques: UV-vis, zeta potential (ζ) and DLS, which confirmed this stability. The observed ζ value (average of ?64.8?±?1.81?mV) at 200?ppm of GO is the highest negative value reported at pH = 4. The particle size distribution after 90?days of storage presented a major population with diameter of (530?±?40) nm that represented 98% of the scattered light intensity.     

Role of surfactants on the stability of nano-zinc oxide dispersions

Nowadays, stable colloidal dispersions with ultra-fine or nanosized particles are getting importance due to their higher activity. In this article, methods for the preparation of stable aqueous dispersions of zinc oxide (ZnO) were discussed. The quality of the dispersion was improved by capping with different types of surfactants say non-ionic, cationic, and anionic. Accordingly, Triton X 100, polyethylene glycol-6000 (both non-ionic), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cationic), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic) were selected for the study. Effect of these surfactants on particle size of ZnO was followed through dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies and zeta potential measurements. Particle size analysis and zeta potential measurement indicated that ZnO dispersions stabilized with anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate) showed better stability. Further, the effect of ultrasonication on particle size distribution was examined and optimized.     

氧化石墨烯纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能

氧化石墨烯(GO)是石墨烯重要的衍生物之一,通过氧化和超声波分散制备了GO纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料。采用XRD、拉曼光谱、FTIR和TEM表征了GO纳米片的结构与形貌,研究了GO纳米片用量对GO纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料热稳定性、力学性能及介电性能的影响。结果表明:GO纳米片的加入提高了GO纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料失热稳定性;随着GO纳米片填充量的增加,GO纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料的冲击强度和抗弯性能先提高后降低,其介电常数和介电损耗则先减小后增加。GO纳米片填充量为0.3wt%的GO纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料的失重5%时的热分解温度由纯环氧树脂的400.2℃提高到424.5℃,而冲击强度和弯曲强度分别在GO纳米片填充量为0.2wt%和0.3wt%时达到最大,冲击强度由纯环氧树脂的10.5kJ/m2提高到19.7kJ/m2,弯曲强度由80.5 MPa提高到104.0 MPa。     

氧化石墨烯的制备及结构研究进展

氧化石墨烯是一种表面含有丰富的含氧官能团石墨烯衍生物.氧化石墨烯拥有较大的比表面积、良好的亲水性和生物亲和性,被广泛应用于传感器、储能材料、药物载体、催化等领域.本文介绍了近几年氧化石墨烯的制备方法,简述了由Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯的生成机理,主要概括了氧化石墨烯新的结构模型,提出寻找高效绿色的氧化剂是制备氧化石墨烯的关键,确定氧化石墨烯的结构对其表面改性及在复合材料的应用和发展有重要的影响.