大跨度悬索桥涡激振动动态监控预测

大跨度悬索桥的涡激振动发生频率较高,严重时将影响到行车安全性和舒适度。为了能及时预测大跨度悬索桥的涡激振动,以某跨海大桥为例,依托其结构监测系统长期监测数据,选取了顺风向平均风速、风向角、能量集中系数以及加速度均方根(RMS)作为涡激振动发生的特征参数,根据特征参数与涡激振动的相关性,构造了跨海大桥涡激振动的动态监控预测模型,建立了独立的涡激振动动态监控系统。结果表明:涡振发生时风向角主要分布在300°~330°与120°~150°;能量集中系数(功率谱密度之比W P2/W P1)小于0.1;主桥振动加速度均方根值大于5 cm/s 2;构造的系统模型预测识别率达到72%,建立的涡激振动动态监控系统识别准确率达到93%,同时开发了涡激振动预警App,实际预警效果良好,可为同类型桥梁的涡激振动预测提供借鉴。     

流线型箱梁涡激振动的气动力演化规律

涡激振动是大跨度流线型箱梁桥在低风速下常见的风致振动形式,对桥梁结构的疲劳寿命和行车舒适性有较大影响。为揭示流线型箱梁涡激振动机理,有必要研究其涡激振动的气动力演化规律。以某流线型箱梁桥为对象,通过同步测振测压的风洞试验方法,获得了+5°风攻角下主梁模型的涡激振动响应及表面测点风压时程,对比分析了涡激振动前、涡激振动振幅上升区、涡激振动振幅极值点、涡激振动振幅下降区和涡激振动后五个不同阶段模型表面的平均风压系数、脉动风压系数和涡激力的变化规律。结果表明：在涡激振动的不同阶段,流线型箱梁表面平均风压系数变化不大,而脉动风压系数分布具有明显的演化过程。涡激力在涡激振动振幅上升区、涡激振动振幅极值点及涡激振动振幅下降区有明显的卓越频率,且与结构自振频率相近,涡激振动前和涡激振动后无明显卓越频率。涡激力卓越频率对应的振幅与涡激振动位移振幅正相关,两者同在涡激振动振幅极值点处达到最大。     

正方形顺排排列四圆柱流致振动响应研究

对间距比s/D=5.0正方形顺排排列四圆柱流致振动进行了数值模拟研究,圆柱仅横流向振动,雷诺数为Re=100,折合流速为U_r=2.0~50.0。研究发现,上游两圆柱的响应与单圆柱涡激振动相似,呈现出明显的初始分支和下端分支。上游两圆柱的振幅均在折合流速U_r=4.4时达到最大值Y_(max)/D=0.56,与单圆柱涡激振动最大振幅Y_(max)/D=0.57相近。下游两圆柱的振幅在折合流速U_r=7.9时达到最大值Y_(max)/D=0.997,比单圆柱涡激振动最大振幅增大了74.8%。正方形顺排排列四圆柱流致振动响应中出现了三个不对称区间,分别为第一不对称区间4.5U_r5.9、第二不对称区间6.9U_r7.2和第三不对称区间U_r10.5。圆柱不对称的振动响应特性和圆柱间隙流稳定偏斜有关。     

单面碰撞TMD及其桥梁涡激振动控制研究

单面碰撞调谐质量阻尼器(SS-PTMD)是一种新型减振装置,通过惯性力和黏弹性碰撞进行结构减振,针对SS-PTMD动力性能、碰撞力模型与验证、SS-PTMD桥梁节段模型涡振控制等开展了理论与试验研究。根据质量块单边运动受限和碰撞的特点,获得了SS-PTMD的动力特性;开展了钢-黏弹性材料碰撞试验,提出了碰撞力模型,根据试验数据识别了碰撞力模型参数,并验证了碰撞力模型;通过1∶40桥梁节段模型涡激振动风洞试验,发现+7°风攻角下出现了明显的涡激振动,根据简谐力涡激力模型识别了模型气动参数;采用仿真分析评估了SS-PTMD控制桥梁涡激振动的效果,在质量比2%及最大涡振振幅风速条件下的减振效率达到87%;通过风洞试验研究了SS-PTMD涡激振动控制效果,在质量比2%及最大涡振振幅风速条件下的减振效率达到92%;理论分析和试验结果表明,SS-PTMD对桥梁涡激振动具有很好的减振效果。     

分离双钢箱梁涡激振动气动干扰试验研究

间距和风攻角是分离双钢箱梁涡激振动干扰的主要影响因素。通过节段模型风洞试验研究了-5°~+5°之间8个不同风攻角下分离双钢箱梁在极小间距(D/B=0.025,D为双箱梁的净间距,B为单箱梁宽)、较小间距(D/B=0.1)、中等间距(D/B=0.4)和较大间距(D/B=3.0)时的涡振特性,并将结果与单钢箱梁的结果进行了对比。研究发现:在极小间距和中等间距时,气动干扰放大了上下游箱梁的涡激振动;在较小间距时,双箱梁的涡振特性与来流风攻角密切相关,随着风攻角的逐渐变小,气动干扰对上下游箱梁涡激振动的影响由抑制效应逐渐转变为放大效应;在较大间距时,上游箱梁对下游箱梁涡激振动存在一定的抑制效应,下游箱梁对上游箱梁涡激振动的影响可以忽略。     

表面粗糙度对导线风荷载及涡激振动的影响

输电导线的截面形状对导线的气动力特性有重要影响,其风压占整个输电线路风压的50%~70%。采用基于RANS的SST k-ω湍流模型,对真实粗糙截面和光滑截面导线的气动特性及横向涡激振动进行数值分析,并和试验进行了对比。利用ICEM对流体计算域进行结构化网格划分,采用动网格和滑移网格模型,将计算结构响应的Newmark-β通过UDF代码嵌入FLUENT软件,建立2D圆柱横流向涡激振动的计算模型;通过改变折减风速和雷诺数,研究均匀来流高雷诺数下输电导线的气动力和振动特性。结果表明,考虑导线表面粗糙度后,固定导线的气动力以及斯托劳哈尔数有所降低;导线涡激振动的"锁定"区的范围变广,振动幅值变大;当折减风速为5.766时,粗糙截面涡激振动的峰值振幅达到0.9D;导线的气动力以及涡脱模式也出现较大变化,即导线表面粗糙度对导线的气动特性影响较大。     

悬浮隧道锚索流固耦合振动试验研究

悬浮隧道跨越长深水域的新型交通结构物。在水流的作用下,锚索将会发生涡激振动,以往的研究主要采用数值方法,而进行模型试验研究是探索悬浮隧道锚索涡激振动机理不可或缺的研究手段之一。本文利用风浪流多功能水槽,以千岛湖悬浮隧道锚索为原型,采用节段模型试验的方法,进行了均匀流作用下锚索涡激振动试验研究。通过试验发现,圆形锚索的Cm值约为0.94,线性流体阻尼比ξ’约为1.26%;锚索在约化速度U/fnD =5.8~10.1发生涡激锁定现象,产生涡激共振,此时横向振幅约化值（Ay/D）最大达到1.10,顺流向振动依旧较小,而升力系数CL和拖曳力系数CD均会显著的增大;参数分析发现,圆形锚索倾斜布置有利于降低涡激共振的不利影响,但当来流角度的变化后会对倾斜布置的锚索产生不利影响。     

刚性联结串列双圆柱尾流致涡激振动研究EI北大核心CSCD

为了研究刚性联结对串列双圆柱尾流致涡激振动的减振效果及其流场作用机理,以圆心间距为4D(D为圆柱直径)的无联结及刚性联结串列双圆柱为研究对象,在雷诺数Re=150时,采用数值模拟方法研究了刚性联结对圆柱振幅、振动轨迹和锁振区域的影响规律,分析了振动响应和气动力之间的内在联系,探讨了两类圆柱振动差异背后的流场机理。研究表明:刚性联结对串列双圆柱的尾流致涡激振动有一定的减振作用,提高了发生涡激振动的起振风速,减小了发生涡激振动的折减速度范围,降低了下游圆柱的振幅,但上游圆柱振幅略有增加。发生尾流致涡激振动时,无联结串列双圆柱和刚性联结串列双圆柱的的流固耦合机制不同,两者的尾流模态有很大差异。     

O型套环对斜拉索涡激振动影响的试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

斜拉索的涡激振动起振风速低,发生频繁,可能造成斜拉索的疲劳破坏,因此,斜拉索涡激振动的控制措施研究和设计十分重要。根据斜拉索涡激振动机理,提出O型套环这种气动措施来控制涡激振动,通过风洞试验,比较了标准斜拉索和套环斜拉索的涡激振动响应,研究了套环几何参数对斜拉索涡激振动的控制效果和影响规律,并初步分析了抑制振动的机理。结果表明:套环可以有效抑制斜拉索涡激振动,不同试验参数套环可将原振幅减小13%~98%;从总体趋势来说,套环宽度和厚度越大、间距越小,套环对斜拉索涡激振动的控制效果越好;安装O型套环之后,斜拉索外形表现出三维几何特征,流场的三维性被加剧,进而卡门涡的规则脱落和涡激振动被减弱。     

带螺旋侧板立管两向涡激振动的试验研究

为了研究螺旋侧板对立管涡激振动的抑制作用,采用模型试验的方法对光滑立管以及3组带程螺旋侧板的立管在不同雷诺数下进行了两向涡激振动试验研究,比较分析了光滑立管与带螺旋侧板立管的两向涡激振动响应差异,同时还研究了螺旋侧板导程对立管两向涡激振动的影响。采用示踪方法对4组立管模型涡激振动时的尾流进行了观测。研究结果表明:螺旋侧板能扰乱立管尾流的涡旋泄放,能有效抑制立管横流向的振动响应,同光滑立管相比,带螺旋侧板立管的横流向振动响应减小幅度可达70%左右,但顺流向的振动响应有所增加;9D导程的螺旋侧板对立管的涡激振动抑制效果最好;同带螺旋侧板的3组立管相比,光滑立管的斯托哈尔数在各雷诺数情况下普遍要大一些。     

漂浮式风力机平台动态响应的优化方法探讨

为研究漂浮式风力机平台动态响应的优化措施,分别提出平台附加螺旋侧板和平板的方式。建立基于Spar平台的5MW风力机整机模型,利用有限元软件进行水动力计算,得到了结构运动和波浪力的幅频特性。并通过与附加螺旋侧板和平板情况下的频域和时域动态特性参数对比,探讨两种措施是否对结构的运动性能起到提升作用。结果表明：附加螺旋侧板后,结构在垂荡和纵摇上的运动幅值均得到了明显抑制;附加平板可以有效降低结构的垂荡频域响应峰值,但对纵荡和纵摇影响很小;在考虑实际风、浪、流载荷作用时,两种措施都能起到对结构运动性能的优化作用,附加螺旋侧板的优化作用更为优越。     

Numerical analysis on a passive chaotic micromixer with helical microchannel

In order to improve the mixing efficiency, the diffusion and mixing of species in the helical micro-mixer are simulated numerically. The results show that the mixing efficiency in the helical micromixer is much higher than that in the straight micro-channel and obviously higher than that in the serpentine micro-channel when Reynolds number is low. At high Reynolds number, even though the mixing efficiency in the helical micro-mixer is still much higher than that in the straight micro-channel, no obvious difference of mixing efficiency in the helical micro-mixer and serpentine micro-channel is found. The conclusions are helpful to optimize the structure of the micro-mixer.     

Helical sorbent for fast sorption and desorption in solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic analysis

A new technique for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of analytes using a helical solid sorbent followed by thermal desorption into a gas chromatographic injector is reported. The main factors that affect the mass transport of analytes in sorption and thermal desorption process using a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) helical sorbent are described. The sorption and thermal desorption were achieved in a few seconds, being very close by the theoretical prediction. Both processes were very fast by the reduction of the thickness of boundary layer between sorbent and gaseous sample as a result of a turbulent rotational flow of the headspace air on the surface of sorbent, which is generated by the helical configuration of the sorbent. The thermal desorption was also reduced by improving heat transfer into a thin boundary layer and by increasing the temperature of the heat transporter (carrier gas). The sorption and desorption with PDMS helical sorbent were compared with those of the PDMS silica rod. The extraction time was as much as 15 times faster with the PDMS helical sorbent than with the PDMS silica rod. The desorption with the PDMS helical sorbent was very fast, giving narrow peaks without tailing and a high efficiency of separation in comparison with PDMS silica rod.     

Optimization of cutting power and power efficiency during particleboard helical milling

With the aim of providing scientific guidance for the application of spiral cutters in particleboard machining, this work studied the influence of milling parameters on milling power and power efficiency during helical milling of particleboard. And the response surface methodology was applied to optimize the milling parameters to reduce machining energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. The factors of milling depth, spindle speed and helical angle were selected as input parameters, and the mathematical models between the input parameters and the response parameters were established. Then, the significant influence of each factor and the interaction of two factors were determined by variance analysis, and the change trend of milling power and power efficiency was studied by response surface methodology. Results showed that the milling depth had the greatest impact on milling power and power efficiency, followed by the spindle speed and helical angle. An increase in the milling depth and spindle speed resulted in an increase in milling power and power efficiency, while the increased helical angle resulted in a decrease in milling power and power efficiency. The optimized values of helical angle, spindle speed and milling depth were 54°, 5650 min⁻¹ and 1.3 mm, respectively.     

Effects of curvature ratio on forced convection and entropy generation of nanofluid in helical coil using two-phase approach

Applying nanofluid and helical coils are two effective methods for thermal performance enhancement. Combination of these techniques could improve the energy efficiency of thermal equipment dramatically. In this study, a numerical analysis of nanofluid flowing in helical coil with constant wall temperature boundary condition was performed to evaluate nanofluid superiority over the base fluid. Forced convective heat transfer and entropy generation of aqueous Al₂O₃ nanofluid with temperature dependent properties were investigated. Eulerian two-phase mixture model was employed for nanofluid modeling and governing mass, momentum, energy, and volume fraction equations were solved using finite volume method. Simulations covered a range of nanoparticle volume fraction of 1–3%, Reynolds number from 200 to 2000, and curvature ratio of 0.05–0.2. In order to evaluate the heat transfer performance, a parameter referred as thermo-hydrodynamic performance index was applied. Also, entropy generation analysis was performed to examine the efficiency of the helical coil and nanofluid. The results demonstrate that performance index enhances by decreasing the Reynolds number and the increasing nanoparticle concentration. The best thermo-hydrodynamic performance can be obtained at low Reynolds number, high nanoparticle volume fraction, and large curvature ratio. Increasing curvature ratio decreases the ratio of local entropy generation by nanofluid to the base fluid. So, utilization of water based Al₂O₃ nanofluid in higher curvature ratio is more efficient from irreversibility point of view.     

同功重比修形斜齿和直齿面齿轮性能对比研究

为深入了解同功重比修形斜齿与直齿面齿轮的性能差异,选择更适合于高速重载工况下的面齿轮传动.基于啮合原理推导了修形斜齿与直齿面齿轮齿面方程,基于CATIA建立了修形斜齿与直齿面齿轮三维模型,采用有限元接触分析方法,以接触应力、弯曲应力和重合度为面齿轮传动性能指标展开研究.研究结果表明:修形斜齿面齿轮相比修形直齿面齿轮接触应力大幅降低,算例最大接触应力降低16.3%;修形斜齿面齿轮相比修形直齿面齿轮弯曲应力大幅降低,算例最大弯曲应力降低32.4%;修形斜齿面齿轮相比修形直齿面齿轮重合度大幅提高,算例重合度提高10.3%.所以同功重比情况下,修形斜齿面齿轮传动性能优于修形直齿面齿轮,前者更适合于高速重载工况下的轻量化设计.     

Effects of helical fins on the performance of a cyclone separator: A numerical study

This study aimed to investigate the separation performance of a cyclone separator after reshaping its cylindrical body by installing the helical triangular fins. A numerical simulation based on Fluent was adopted to perform an orthogonal test to optimise the structure of the cyclone separator with helical triangular fins. Three structural parameters of the helical triangular fins were selected as optimisation variables: base width, fin size, and fin pitch, and their influences on the evaluation indices of the cut-off diameter were investigated. The optimal combination scheme was determined by range analysis, and the cyclone separator performances before and after optimisation were compared and analysed. The significant influence of the structural parameters on the cut-off diameter was in descending order as the fin pitch, fin size, and base width. For particles with diameter of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 μm, the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator with optimized helical triangular fins increased by 7.4 %, 15.9 %, 20.1 %, 10.9 % and 14.8 % respectively. Moreover, the cut-off diameter of the finned cyclone separator is reduced by 30.7 %, while the pressure drop is only increased by 6.6 %. The short circuit flow and back-mixing were alleviated, thereby considerably enhancing the stability of the flow field. Therefore, the finned cyclone separator was found to play a critical role in increasing the separation of fine particulate matter.     

Highly Symmetric,Self-Assembling 3D DNA Crystals with Cubic and Trigonal Lattices

The rational design of nanoscopic DNA tiles has yielded highly ordered crystalline matter in 2D and 3D. The most well-studied 3D tile is the DNA tensegrity triangle, which is known to self-assemble into macroscopic crystals. However, contemporary rational design parameters for 3D DNA crystals nearly universally invoke integer numbers of DNA helical turns and Watson–Crick (WC) base pairs. In this study, 24-bp edges are substituted into a previously 21-bp (two helical turns of DNA) tensegrity triangle motif to explore whether such unconventional motif can self-assemble into 3D crystals. The use of noncanonical base pairs in the sticky ends results in a cubic arrangement of tensegrity triangles with exceedingly high symmetry, assembling a lattice from winding helical axes and diamond-like tessellation patterns. Reverting this motif to sticky ends with Watson–Crick pairs results in a trigonal hexagonal arrangement, replicating this diamond arrangement in a hexagonal context. These results showcase that the authors can generate unexpected, highly complex, pathways for materials design by testing modifications to 3D tiles without prior knowledge of the ensuing symmetry. This study expands the rational design toolbox for DNA nanotechnology; and it further illustrates the existence of yet-unexplored arrangements of crystalline soft matter.     

AZ31 magnesium alloy recycling through friction stir extrusion process

Friction Stir Extrusion is a novel technique for direct recycling of metal scrap. In the process, a dedicated tool produces both the heat and the pressure to compact and extrude the original raw material, i.e., machining chip, as a consolidated component. A proper fixture was used to carry out an experimental campaign on Friction Stir Extrusion of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Variable tool rotation and extrusion ratio were considered. Appearance of defects and fractures was related to either too high or too low power input. The extruded rods were investigated both from the metallurgical and mechanical points of view. Tensile strength up to 80 % of the parent material was found for the best combination of process parameters. A peculiar 3D helical material flow was highlighted through metallurgical observation of the specimens.     

3D‐Printed,All‐in‐One Evaporator for High‐Efficiency Solar Steam Generation under 1 Sun Illumination

Using solar energy to generate steam is a clean and sustainable approach to addressing the issue of water shortage. The current challenge for solar steam generation is to develop easy‐to‐manufacture and scalable methods which can convert solar irradiation into exploitable thermal energy with high efficiency. Although various material and structure designs have been reported, high efficiency in solar steam generation usually can be achieved only at concentrated solar illumination. For the first time, 3D printing to construct an all‐in‐one evaporator with a concave structure for high‐efficiency solar steam generation under 1 sun illumination is used. The solar‐steam‐generation device has a high porosity (97.3%) and efficient broadband solar absorption (>97%). The 3D‐printed porous evaporator with intrinsic low thermal conductivity enables heat localization and effectively alleviates thermal dissipation to the bulk water. As a result, the 3D‐printed evaporator has a high solar steam efficiency of 85.6% under 1 sun illumination (1 kW m^?2), which is among the best compared with other reported evaporators. The all‐in‐one structure design using the advanced 3D printing fabrication technique offers a new approach to solar energy harvesting for high‐efficiency steam generation.