表面活性剂对纳米Sb2O3和纳米 Sb2O3/云母分散性的影响

以片状云母作为微反应器制备了纳米Sb2O3／云母复合物，并用XRD、TEM进行了表征．研究了表面活性剂对纳米Sb2O3颗粒、纳米Sb2O3／云母复合物的粒子性能及粒度分布的影响，并对二者进行了比较．结果表明：纳米Sb2O3被十六烷基三甲基溴化铵处理后，在云母层间均匀生长，形成的纳米Sb2O3分散性好，粒度分布窄．平均粒径约为5nm，比不加云母制备的纳米Sb2O3小30nm．     

碳包覆空心Fe3O4纳米粒子作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能研究

以二茂铁为铁源,石油渣油为碳源,通过加压热解和空气氧化制备了碳包覆空心Fe3O4纳米粒子。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)以及高倍透射电镜(HRTEM)等测试方法对样品的形貌和结构进行表征。采用恒流充放电和交流阻抗方法测试碳包覆空心Fe3O4纳米粒子作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。在电流密度为0.2mA/cm2时,首次放电比容量高达1294.7mAh/g,30次循环之后其放电比容量为392.1mAh/g;电流密度为1mA/cm2时,首次放电比容量为216.3mAh/g,30次循环之后其放电比容量为113mAh/g。     

聚苯乙烯-SiO2/NiFe2O4磁性微球的制备与表征

以NiFe2O4纳米粒子作磁性载体、苯乙烯(ST)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,KH-570为交联剂,采用乳液聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯-SiO2/NiFe2O4磁性微球材料。通过VSM、FT-IR、SEM、TG-DTA、溶剂抽提等方法对磁性微球材料进行了测试。制备的NiFe2O4粒子为面心立方结构,NiFe2O4纳米颗粒及聚苯乙烯-SiO2/NiFe2O4磁性微球具有超顺磁性。聚苯乙烯-SiO2/NiFe2O4磁性微球以SiO2/NiFe2O4为核、PS为壳,通过KH-570接枝到SiO2/NiFe2O4上,核壳间以共价键相接的包覆型纳米粒子,平均直径为100nm左右,具有良好的热稳定性和耐溶剂性能。热重(TG)分析表明,磁性聚苯乙烯微球磁性物质质量分数为28.8%。     

高能球磨结合SPS技术制备Al2O3-TiC复合材料及其性能研究

以TiO2、Al、C(石墨)为原料,首先采用高能球磨引导铝热反应合成了Al2O3-TiC纳米复合粉体,然后采用放电等离子体烧结纳米复合粉体制备了Al2O3-TiC复合材料.结果表明,在氩气氛围下高能球磨3h后,原料粉末就发生了铝热反应,合成的Al2O3-TiC复合粉体粒子尺寸大约在100nm左右.采用SPS技术在1450℃保温4min烧结的试样致密度达99.6%,并且结构精细(大部分晶粒＜1μm),两相分布比较均匀,有较好的力学性能和电导性能,抗弯强度为650+21MPa,硬度为19.1±0.2GPa,断裂韧性为4.5±0.2MPa·m1/2,电导率为2.3828×105Ω-1.m-1.     

单分散Fe3O4@SiO2/Au复合纳米颗粒的制备

制备了尺寸为30nm,具有磁响应的单分散Fe3O4@SiO2/Au核壳纳米颗粒,并研究其光学性质。首先利用热分解法制备油酸修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子,再用反相微乳法制备Fe3O4@SiO2纳米粒子,最后利用表面修饰的氨基还原性,获得Fe3O4@SiO2/Au核壳复合纳米颗粒。分别用TEM、XRD、Zeta电位与粒度分析仪对产物形貌、结构、表面电位和粒径分布进行表征,用紫外-可见分光光度计对光学性质进行了测试。     

纳米Fe3O4/聚苯胺复合粒子的制备及其磁性能研究

用水解沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4,然后在其溶液中原位合成聚苯胺,得到纳米Fe3O4/聚苯胺复合粒子.通过XRD、TEM、JDM等测试对纳米复合粒子的形态、结构及磁性能进行了研究.实验制备的纳米Fe3O4粒子粒径为30nm左右,在其表面沉积聚苯胺后,复合粒子的粒径达到了50nm左右.与纳米Fe3O4粒子相比,纳米Fe3O4/聚苯胺复合粒子的XRD峰形变得更为明锐.纳米复合粒子的磁性能表现出软磁性,与纳米Fe3O4粒子相比,矫顽力减小为0,这可以大大减小材料的磁滞损耗和退磁难度,性能得到改善.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备核壳SiO2/Fe3O4复合纳米粒子的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以尺寸约10nm的Fe3O4纳米粒子为种子,碱催化正硅酸已酯(TEOS)水解、缩合,制备了磁性可控的核壳结构SiO2/Fe3O4复合纳米粒子.系统研究了醇水比、NH4OH及TEOS的浓度对复合纳米粒子形貌和性能的影响,并分析了SiO2/Fe3O4复合纳米粒子的生成机理.结果表明,SiO2的生长主要是SiO2初级粒子在Fe3O4表面的聚集生长,醇水比为4∶1、NH4OH浓度为0.3mol/L和TEOS浓度低于0.02mol/L时,随TEOS浓度的增大,SiO2壳层增厚,复合粒子饱和磁化强度下降,矫顽力基本不变,仍具有良好的超顺磁性.     

基于Fe3O4纳米粒子的磁性荧光复合材料研究进展

以磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子为切入点,综述了Fe3O4纳米粒子与发光量子点、镧系稀土离子掺杂化合物以及有机荧光材料复合而得到的纳米复合微粒的制备方法、复合方式、性能特点等;总结了基于Fe3O4纳米粒子的磁光双功能复合材料在材料科学与生物医学等方面的应用,并展望了磁光纳米复合材料的应用前景。     

聚砜-Fe3O4磁性复合超滤膜截留分子量随磁场的变化规律

在制备聚砜-Fe3O4磁性复合超滤膜的过程中,为避免纳米Fe3O4粒子团聚,采用偶联剂包裹共沉淀法得到Fe3O4粒子,然后采用相转化法制备了聚砜-Fe3O4磁性复合超滤膜。Zeta电位仪检测出纳米粒子平均粒径为66.83 nm,红外分析发现偶联剂结合在粒子表面。经扫描电镜观察和孔径分布分析得出复合膜中纳米Fe3O4粒子分布均匀,无团聚现象出现,孔径分布较窄。聚乙二醇系列测定基膜为2万的复合膜截留分子量从0T下的19800减小至0.4T的15000,继续增大外加磁场,截留分子量基本不再变化。     

In2O3纳米纤维的制备及其导电性研究

利用静电纺丝技术结合热处理方法制备了一维多孔结构的In2O3纳米纤维。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察纳米纤维的形貌结构;利用热重分析仪(TGA)分析前驱体复合纳米纤维的热处理过程;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析不同煅烧温度下所得In2O3的晶体结构;利用四探针测试In2O3纳米纤维的导电性,并探讨煅烧温度对其导电性的影响。结果表明:静电纺前驱体复合纳米纤维成型良好,且经不同温度煅烧后产物仍保持纤维结构,但纤维直径明显减小。不同温度下煅烧所得In2O3均为立方铁锰矿型,随着煅烧温度的升高,In2O3纳米颗粒逐渐增大,晶体更加完整,导电性逐渐增强。     

立方相碳化钛在锂空电池中的电化学行为

采用直流电弧等离子体法在甲烷和氩气混合气氛下原位合成碳化钛(TiC)纳米颗粒。X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等物理表征结果显示TiC纳米颗粒粒径约为40～90 nm的立方体结构。循环伏安(CV)测试表明,TiC纳米颗粒兼具高效的氧还原和氧析出双效催化活性,可有效弥补炭材料氧析出催化活性较弱的缺陷。恒流充放电测试结果表明,相对于普通炭材料(导电炭黑,Super-P),TiC纳米颗粒催化剂可将锂空电池充电过电势降低280mV;在电流密度(i_sp)为50mA·g^-1时,首次放电比容量达1267mAh·g^-1;即使在较高的电流密度150mA·g^-1下,比容量仍保持在778mAh·g^-1,体现了良好的倍率性能。在电流密度为100mA·g^-1、限定比容量为500mAh·g^-1下,稳定循环10次。通过XRD、红外、扫描电镜表征可知,在TiC纳米颗粒的双效催化作用下,Li_2O_2的生成与分解具有良好的可逆性,有效避免了大量反应副产物积累的问题,进而提高锂空电池的电化学性能。     

Fe_3O_4-ODA/GO/PANI复合材料的制备及其电容性能

在当今能源紧缺的情况下,超级电容器由于具有功率密度高、充放电时间短、循环寿命长等优点而被广泛应用于工业自动化控制、电力、国防以及新能源汽车等众多领域。本文以十八胺修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子(Fe_3O_4-ODA),氧化石墨烯(GO)以及苯胺单体为原料,通过原位聚合成功制备了Fe_3O_4-ODA/GO/PANI三元复合电极材料,其比电容高达516F/g,远高于二元复合材料GO/PANI和Fe_3O_4-ODA/PANI的比电容(分别为224F/g和345F/g)。并且,在1000次循环充放电之后,其容量仍可维持86.5%。此外,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等手段对该复合材料的形貌和结构进行了表征。     

Structural characterization and catalytic activity of Pt dendrimer encapsulated nanoparticles supported over Al2O3 for SCR of NOx

Pt/Al2O3 and Pt-Mg/Al2O3 nano composites were successfully prepared by dendrimer templated synthesis route. The obtained dendritic nanoparticles were dispersed in alumina support and they were evaluated for SCR of NOx using methane as reductant. Thermal analysis results of uncalcined samples revealed that the oxygen can accelerate the rate of dendrimer shell decomposition. X-ray diffractograms of 500 degrees C calcined samples disclosed the amorphous nature of materials, whereas 1000 degrees C air calcined samples showed enhanced crystallinity as well as diffraction pattern corresponding to Pt and PtO. HRTEM images of Pt40-G4OH dendritic nanoparticles showed uniform particulate distribution with average particle size of 2.4 nm. The STEM results of 0.5 Pt/Al2O3 sample calcined at 500 degrees C exhibited a wide range of particles between 2 and 20 nm. This indicates the huge segregation of platinum metal particles during impregnation and subsequent calcination. Among the synthesized materials 0.5 wt% Pt/Al2O3 sample showed excellent conversion and selectivity for SCR of NOx.     

交联P（St-r-AA）包覆Fe3O4粒子的制备及对Cu2＋的吸附

用乳液聚合的方法合成了交联P（St-r-AA）包覆的Fe3O4粒子,研究了该类粒子对Cu2＋离子的吸附性能。透射电镜（TEM）表明,交联的P（St-r-AA）包覆的Fe3O4磁性粒子粒径约100 nm;X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明,磁性粒子中磁性物质为尖晶石结构的Fe3O4;红外光谱（FT-IR）表明,Fe3O4表面的...     

High-yield synthesis of well-crystalline alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: structural, optical and photocatalytic properties

In this paper, the high-yield facile synthesis, detailed characterization and photocatalytic application of alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are reported. The synthesis was done via simple hydrothermal process by using aqueous mixtures of iron chloride, hexamethylenediamine and NH3 x H2O at 110 degrees C. The morphologies of the synthesized products were examined by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which confirmed that the synthesized structures are almost spherical shaped nanoparticles with the average diameters of -35 +/- 5 nm, and are grown in high yield. The detailed structural characterizations and composition of the as-synthesized nanoparticles were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attached with FESEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which substantiated that the as-synthesized nanoparticles are well crystalline and pure alpha-Fe2O3. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated the existence of two optical band gaps which correspond to direct and indirect transitions, respectively. The as-synthesized alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles exhibit good photocatalytic properties on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.     

锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2-2x/3Mnx（PO4）3的溶胶凝胶法合成和电化学性能

以CH3COOLi·2H2O、V2O5、Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O、(NH4)2HPO4和蔗糖为原料,采用溶胶–凝胶法合成了掺锰磷酸钒锂/碳(Li3V2-2x/3Mnx(PO4)3/C)复合正极材料,用XRD、XPS、SEM、电化学性能对样品进行了表征.测试结果表明,少量锰的掺杂并未改变Li3V2(PO4)3/C的单斜结构,Li3V1.94Mn0.09(PO4)3中的Mn和V分别以+2和+3价存在,其颗粒类似球形,直径比较均匀且小于200 nm,并表现出良好的电化学性能.在0.1C倍率和3.0～4.8 V电压内,该样品的首次充、放电容量分别为182.1和168.8 mAh/g,放电效率高达92.69%,而且100次循环后,其放电比容量仍是首次放电容量的77.4%.     

Synthesis of size-controlled Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles for nucleic acid analysis

We present a systematic study on the preparation, characteration and potential application of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles. Fe3O4 nanoparticles of controllable diameters were successfully synthesized by solvothermal system with tuning pH. The magnetic properties of nanoparticles were measured by vibration sample magnetometer. Fe3O4@ SiO2 nanoparticles were obtained via classic St?ber process. Streptavidin coated Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by covalent interaction. The quantity of streptavidin bound to nanoparticles was determined by UV-Vis spectrometer. To evaluate the binding efficiency and capacity of nucleic acid on nanoparticles, the capture of biotinylated oligonucleotide on streptavidin coated Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles at different concentration was estimated by fluorescence detection. Both Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles exhibited well crystallization and magnetic properties. The maximal amount of streptavidin immobilized onto the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles was 29.3 microg/mg. The saturation ratio of biotinylated oligonucleotides captured on streptavidin coated Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles was 5 microM/mg within 20 minutes, indicating that FeO4@SiO2 nanoparticles immobilized by streptavidin were excellent carriers in nucleic acid analysis due to their convenient magnetic-separation property. Therefore, the synthesized Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles with controllable size and high magnetic saturation have shown great application potentials in nucleic acid research.     

Synthesis of new materials by laser pyrolysis: ZrO2, Y2O3:Ce and TiC(x)N(y) nanoparticles

New developments concerning the synthesis of oxide and non oxide nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis are reported here. In order to be able to study the relations between the host and the guest in doped nanostructured luminescent oxide matrix, tetragonal ZrO2 nanoparticles were synthesized with sizes as low as 3 nm in weighable amounts. Y2O3 nanoparticles doped with Ce were also prepared with grains in the 10-20 nm size range. Concerning the non-oxide materials, TiC, TiN, and TiC(x)N(y) nanopowders were obtained from simple annealing treatments performed on TiO2/C nanocomposites grown by laser pyrolysis. The final crystalline phase was controlled by the initial C content and the annealing atmosphere. Once sintered, these materials will allow the study of the mechanical properties of nanostructured carbonitride ceramics.     

Effects of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles on the oxidative burst from human neutrophil granulocytes

We have previously shown that gadolinium oxide (Gd(2)O(3)) nanoparticles are promising candidates to be used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging applications. In this study, these nanoparticles were investigated in a cellular system, as possible probes for visualization and targeting intended for bioimaging applications. We evaluated the impact of the presence of Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from human neutrophils, by means of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Three sets of Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles were studied, i.e. as synthesized, dialyzed and both PEG-functionalized and dialyzed Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles. In addition, neutrophil morphology was evaluated by fluorescent staining of the actin cytoskeleton and fluorescence microscopy. We show that surface modification of these nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is essential in order to increase their biocompatibility. We observed that the as synthesized nanoparticles markedly decreased the ROS production from neutrophils challenged with prey (opsonized yeast particles) compared to controls without nanoparticles. After functionalization and dialysis, more moderate inhibitory effects were observed at a corresponding concentration of gadolinium. At lower gadolinium concentration the response was similar to that of the control cells. We suggest that the diethylene glycol (DEG) present in the as synthesized nanoparticle preparation is responsible for the inhibitory effects on the neutrophil oxidative burst. Indeed, in the present study we also show that even a low concentration of DEG, 0.3%, severely inhibits neutrophil function. In summary, the low cellular response upon PEG-functionalized Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticle exposure indicates that these nanoparticles are promising candidates for MR-imaging purposes.     

Cu_2O及Au/Cu_2O核壳异质结纳米立方体的制备、微观结构和生长机理的研究

采用液相还原法制备出金纳米颗粒,并通过调控其浓度,采用热氧化的方法制备出了氧化亚铜纳米立方体及金/氧化亚铜核壳异质结纳米立方体。利用透射电子显微学对两种材料的结构及物相组成等进行了详细的分析研究,并探讨了各自的形成机理。研究发现Cu2O纳米立方体主要有正方体和截角正八面体两种几何形状。Au/Cu2O核壳异质结纳米立方体有两种形成机制。Au纳米颗粒和正四辛基溴化铵的浓度对于两种纳米立方体结构的形成起着重要的作用。