甲壳素纳米纤维增强明胶/壳聚糖复合膜的制备及性能研究

通过流延成膜法制备了不同甲壳素纳米纤维(CF)质量分数的CF/明胶(GA)/壳聚糖(CS)复合膜。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)等对材料的结构与性质进行了研究。结果表明:低加入量CF在复合膜中分散较好,高加入量CF在复合膜中会形成团聚,CF与GA/CS之间有相对较好的相容性;随着CF含量增加,复合膜拉伸强度呈现先增加而后减小的趋势,而断裂伸长率则随着CF含量增加而持续降低;同时复合膜的水蒸气吸附率和水溶失率都随着CF含量的上升而降低。CF/GA/CS纳米复合膜表现出良好的透明性,较少CF的加入对材料透明度影响不大。     

乙二醛交联对明胶/PVA可生物降解复合膜性能的影响

采用流延成型法制备明胶/聚乙烯醇(Gel/PVA)复合膜,并以乙二醛为交联剂通过溶液交联法制备乙二醛交联的Gel/PVA复合膜,采用红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热重(TG)等表征交联前后复合膜的结构与性能,研究了交联剂用量对Gel/PVA复合膜力学性能及溶解性能的影响。结果表明,随着乙二醛用量的增加,Gel/PVA复合膜的拉伸强度呈先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,而断裂伸长率和溶解率则逐渐降低;乙二醛交联可提高复合膜的熔融温度及热稳定性;乙二醛交联显著影响Gel/PVA复合膜中分子间的氢键和化学结构。     

基于两亲性锂藻土的Pickering乳液

利用形貌规整的锂藻土,通过化学改性构建Giantsurfactant,最终实现稳定乳液的效果,并讨论了乳化方式、固体颗粒浓度、油水比例等因素对乳液稳定性的影响,结果表明,与未改性锂藻土相比,改性后的锂藻土对乳液具有更好的稳定效果。     

PEG-IPDI-PVA/Laponite基纳米复合水凝胶的制备与研究

为了使PEG-IPDI-PVA水凝胶的温敏性与机械性能得到提高,加入锂藻土纳米填料,利用原位接枝共聚法制备出PEG-IPDI-PVA系列水凝胶。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜对水凝胶的结构和断面形态进行表征,确定了水凝胶的溶胀性能与力学性能。结果表明,随锂藻土的加入溶胀率明显提高,甚至达到700%,说明锂藻土的加入改善了水凝胶的内部结构和物理、化学性能。而在35~40℃时,溶胀率增长迅速,改善了此类材料的温敏性能。     

累托石/海藻酸钠插层纳米复合膜的制备与性能

采用水溶液法制备了钠化累托石(Na+REC)与海藻酸钠(SA)插层纳米复合膜(Na+REC/SA)。以红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析了复合膜的分子结构,通过电镜扫描(SEM)及原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了复合膜的相貌结构,研究了复合膜的热性能及力学性能。结果表明,Na+REC在添加量较少时可与SA形成插层型纳米复合膜,该复合膜与纯SA膜相比,具有较高的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及热稳定性。在Na+REC添加2%时,复合膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及热稳定性最高,与纯SA膜相比,拉伸强度提高58.7%,断裂伸长率提高100%,10%失重率时对应的热分解温度提高了115℃,40%失重率时提高了185℃。     

明胶-壳聚糖复合膜的制备与性能

制备了一系列不同配比的明胶-壳聚糖复合膜,研究了壳聚糖含量对复合膜力学性能、吸湿性能的影响,通过X射线衍射和红外光谱分析了复合膜的结构。结果表明,复合膜及纯壳聚糖膜的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度均大于纯明胶膜,壳聚糖的加入可改善膜的力学性能。随壳聚糖含量的增加,复合膜的吸湿率增大。明胶与壳聚糖分子间存在较强的相互作用,与明胶共...     

含亚胺基热致性液晶聚氨酯的合成与表征

以对苯二酚二对苯甲酸酯(HQB)、N,N′-二(ω-羟乙基)苯均四甲酰二亚胺(BHDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为单体,利用溶液缩聚方法,合成了含有亚胺基的三种液晶聚氨酯(HBLCP)。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)、X射线衍射(WAXD)和热重分析(TGA)等手段对液晶聚氨酯进行表征。结果表明,该类液晶聚氨酯的熔点(Tm)和各向同性温度(Ti)随着HQB含量的增加而提高;POM观察表明,在液晶态温度区间170℃～190℃范围内显示液晶行为,并呈现向列相织构;其广角X射线衍射图在2θ角为15°～32°范围内有一组强度不等的衍射峰,所合成的液晶聚氨酯具有较高的热稳定性。     

聚乙烯醇/合成硅酸镁锂纳米复合膜的制备研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和合成硅酸镁锂为原料,采用溶液插层-流延成膜法制备了不同合成硅酸镁锂含量的PVA/合成硅酸镁锂纳米复合膜,并对PVA/合成硅酸镁锂纳米复合膜进行了表征。研究结果表明:6%(wt,质量分数)合成硅酸镁锂含量制得的PVA/合成硅酸镁锂纳米复合膜,结晶熔融温度达到253.1℃,平衡溶胀比为2.6,拉伸强度最大达到78MPa、断裂伸长率达到100%,耐水性、热性能和力学性能都得到明显改善。     

P34HB/纳米蒙脱土复合膜的制备

通过溶液共混法加入不同比例的纳米蒙脱土制备P34HB/纳米蒙脱土复合膜。再通过扫描电镜、红外检测、机械测试、X射线衍射、热性能分析对各个比例复合膜的性能检测。当纳米蒙脱土添加量为3wt%时,复合膜的热稳定性最好。当纳米蒙脱土添加量为1wt%时,复合膜的机械性能最好,韧性提高。     

脂肪族聚氨酯弹性体/蒙脱土复合材料的制备与性能

使用原位插层聚合法制备了一系列不同有机蒙脱土含量的基于异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的脂肪族聚氨酯弹性体/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热测试(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)等研究了有机蒙脱土含量对脂肪族聚氨酯弹性体结构与性能的影响。XRD结果表明,成功地合成了聚氨酯/蒙脱土插层型纳米复合材料。TGA结果表明,纳米复合材料的热稳定性随着有机蒙脱土含量的增加而提高。有机蒙脱土对聚氨酯基体有较好的增强和增韧作用,而当有机蒙脱土含量为7%时,纳米复合材料的力学性能最佳。     

Preparation of polystyrene–clay nanocomposite by solution intercalation technique

Polymer–clay nanocomposites of commercial polystyrene (PS) and clay laponite were prepared via solution intercalation technique. Laponite was modified suitably with the well known cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide by ion-exchange reaction to render laponite miscible with hydrophobic PS. X-ray diffraction analysis in combination with scanning electron microscopy gives an idea of structural and morphological information of PS–laponite nanocomposite for different varying organo-laponite contents. Intercalation of PS chain occurs into the interlayer spacings of laponite for low organo-laponite concentration in the PS–O-laponite mixture. However, aggregation and agglomeration occur at higher clay concentration. The molecular bond vibrational profile of laponite as well as PS–laponite nanocomposite have been explored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis along with differential scanning calorimetry results reveal the enhancement of both thermal stability and glass transition temperature of PS due to the incorporation of clay platelets.     

Preparation SnO₂ nanolayer on flexible polyimide substrates via direct ion-exchange and in situ oxidation process

Tin oxide (SnO(2)) nanolayers were formed on flexible polyimide (PI) substrate via direct ion-exchange and in situ oxidation process utilizing pyromellitic dianhydride/4,4'-oxidianiline-based poly(amic acid) films as polyimide precursor. During an ion-exchange process, stannous ions were doped into the precursor by immersion in ethanolic solution of stannous chloride. Subsequent thermal treatment of the tin(II)-containing precursor at a constant heating rate not only imidized poly(amic acid) to PI but also converted stannous ions into SnO(2) clusters, which diffused and aggregated onto the surface of polymer matrix, forming continuous tin oxide layers. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was used to investigate the ion-exchange process. Changes in chemical structure of the poly(amic acid) film and the crystal structure of tin oxides were analyzed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the microstructure of the PI/SnO(2) nanocomposite films. The nanocomposite film maintained essential mechanical property and thermal stability of pristine PI films.     

Optical nanocomposites prepared by incorporating bacterial cellulose nanofibrils into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)

A biocompatible polymeric nanocomposite was prepared by incorporating bacterial cellulose (BC) into a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) matrix. The transparency of the PHB/BC nanocomposite was high due to the homogeneous nano-sized spherulite and nanofibril of PHB and BC, which are smaller than the wavelength of visible rays. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the PHB in the nanocomposite film showed peaks corresponding to the crystallized PHB. The thermal stability of PHB in the nanocomposite film has been improved. The morphology studies showed that the PHB molecules filled vacancies between BC nanofibrils. An increase in the mechanical properties was observed by incorporating the BC into the PHB matrix. This PHB/BC nanocomposite can be considered for various applications, such as display devices, tissue engineering scaffold, and food packaging, because of its improved mechanical properties along with biodegradability and biocompatibility.     

Effect of highly dispersible zirconia nanoparticles on the properties of UV-curable poly(urethane-acrylate) coatings

Highly crystalline and dispersible zirconia nanoparticles, ex situ synthesized from a solvothermal reaction of zirconium(IV) isopropoxide isopropanol complex in benzyl alcohol, were functionalized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate and blended with UV-curable urethane-acrylate formulations to fabricate poly(urethane-acrylate)/zirconia (PUA/ZrO₂) nanocomposite coatings. A critical ZrO₂ concentration of 20 wt% was observed for the evolutions of both the structure and properties of the nanocomposites as a function of ZrO₂ content. Below the critical concentration, completely transparent nanocomposite film was obtained and the nanocomposites exhibited increasing final carbon–carbon double bond conversion, refractive index, hardness, elastic modulus, and thermal stability as ZrO₂ content increased. However, serious agglomeration of ZrO₂ nanoparticles occurred at 25 wt% of ZrO₂, which decreased final conversion, transparency and hardness, and thermal stability of the nanocomposite film. These results clearly reveal that the performance of UV-curable nanocomposites is strongly dependent on the dispersion of nanoparticles.     

Sol–gel and rf sputtered AZO thin films: analysis of oxidation kinetics in harsh environment

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin film, which possess the advantages of low cost, low sheet resistance and high transmittance, are one of the most promising candidates to replace indium tin oxide films as the transparent electrode. However, oxidation causes a substantial increase in the sheet resistance of AZO film after exposing in ambient and especially, damp heat environment. In this work, we compare structural, optical, electrical properties and environmental stability between films prepared by two different methods: sol–gel and rf sputtering. Experimental results indicate that the properties of film can be affected by different deposition method. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, all films have hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with different preferable orientation in two different methods. Optical transmittance spectra of the AZO films exhibited transparency higher than about 80 % within the visible wavelength region and the optical band gap (E_g) of these films was increased in sputtered film, probably due to the increase of carrier concentration. The better environmental stability was found in AZO film prepared by sputtering method. Improved surface morphology and enhancement of crystal orientation (110) was considered for this improvement.     

预聚法制备聚氨酯/分子筛复合材料及表征

采用预聚法制备了聚氨酯(PU)/沸石分子筛(zeo lite 13X)复合材料,并利用XRD、DSC和TG等手段表征了复合材料的晶态、硬链段的结晶及熔融温度、材料的耐热性能。结果表明,随着沸石分子筛在体系中加入量的增大,PU/13X复合材料的硬链段结晶度减小,而硬链段和软链段之间的混乱度增大,硬链段的结晶形态发生改变,晶面间距增大。力学性能测试表明,分子筛添加量小于7%时,拉伸强度和撕裂强度明显提高。     

Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticulate-polyacrylonitrile composite and porous nanofibers

In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibers containing different amounts of silica nanoparticulates have been obtained via electrospinning. The surface morphology, thermal properties and crystal structure of PAN/silica nanofibers are characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that the addition of silica nanoparticulates affects the structure and properties of the nanofibers. In addition to PAN/silica composite nanofibers, porous PAN nanofibers have been prepared by selective removal of the silica component from PAN/silica composite nanofibers using hydrofluoric (HF) acid. ATR-FTIR and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments validate the removal of silica nanoparticulates by HF acid, whereas SEM and TEM results reveal that the porous nanofibers obtained from composite fibers with higher silica contents exhibited more nonuniform surface morphology. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of porous PAN nanofibers made from PAN/silica (5?wt%) composite precursors is higher than that of pure nonporous PAN nanofibers.     

聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯癸二酸丁二醇酯)的合成与表征

用熔融缩聚法合成了一系列聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯癸二酸丁二醇酯)的无规共聚物(PBSu-co-PBSe)。通过核磁共振(1H-NMR),差示扫描量热(DSC),热重分析(TGA),X射线衍射(XRD)和酶降解测试等方法表征了材料的结构与性能。XRD测试结果表明,共聚酯的晶体结构随着癸二酸含量的增加发生了改变,并产生了共结晶行为;DSC分析得出,随着PBSe组分在共聚酯中含量的增大,产物的熔点(Tm)由84.8℃降低至46.7℃,然后升高至55.9℃,玻璃化温度(Tg)单调降低至-58.7℃;TGA分析表明,癸二酸的引入提高了聚酯的热稳定性;酶降解测试得出产物具有良好的生物降解性,当PBSe占共聚酯含量的40%时,产物具有最快的降解速率。     

一种低支化聚酯液晶的合成及性能表征

采用不同比例的4,4′-对苯二甲酰二羟苯甲酸乙二醇酯（TOBB）与偏苯三酸酐（TMA）反应,合成端基含有羧基的哑铃型聚酯液晶和低支化度的聚酯液晶。通过红外光谱（FT-IR）、差示扫描量热（DSC）、偏光显微镜（POM）、广角X射线衍射（WAXD）及热重分析（TGA）等对其结构及性能进行表征。结果表明,所合成的聚酯液晶呈...